carbohydrate

Poplar trees redirect resources in response to simulated attack

... one hour later. Panel A shows the distribution of carbohydrate in the untreated plant (red is high; blue is low). Panel B shows that when that same plant is retested after exposure to jasmonic acid, a potent plant hormone that makes the plant 'think' it's under attack, it partitions more of its carbohydrates to ...

Discovery of key protein's shape could lead to improved bacterial pneumonia vaccine

...e immune system to make antibodies against thereal carbohydrate targets on the bacteria. The problem with suchvacc...er such vaccines are so complex that they cancarry carbohydrate targets for only a few specific strains of pneumoniabacteria,?Tuomanen said. “So children are always...

New comparative toxicogenomics database

...e immune system to make antibodies against thereal carbohydrate targets on the bacteria. The problem with suchvacc...er such vaccines are so complex that they cancarry carbohydrate targets for only a few specific strains of pneumoniabacteria,?Tuomanen said. “So children are always...

Highly adaptable genome in gut bacterium key to intestinal health

...the necessary utensils to break different types of carbohydrate chains into 'bite-sized' pieces; the utensils are ...an call on a larger repertoire of genes related to carbohydrate digestion than any other microbe we know of." Next, the researchers will use germ-free mice to inve...

Robot-based system developed at Carnegie Mellon detects life in Chile's Atacama desert

... of the following ?nucleic acid, protein, lipid or carbohydrate ?all molecules of life. "We don't know of other remote methods capable both of detecting low levels of micro-organisms and visualizing high levels incorporated as biofilms or colonies," said Gregory Fisher, project imaging scientist. "Our fluoresce...

Thai spice helps cut blood sugar swings

...s, "new cravings are created, requiring more quick carbohydrate fixes." Next steps Wielinga again warned that any comparison between rats and humans regarding HCA have to be treated very carefully. However, he said now that it is known where HCA has an effect in rats, the next step is to try and uncover its mec...

It's electric: Cows show promise as powerplants

...ms in rumen fluid break down cellulose : a complex carbohydrate that is the primary component of the roughage that cows eat. That breakdown releases electrons. This study represents the first time that scientists have used cellulose to help charge a fuel cell. The researchers presented their findings on August ...

Seaweed could make junk food healthier

...the laboratory to produce the extract, alginate, a carbohydrate compound which is a tasteless and odourless off-white coloured powder. The paper shows that alginate has been proved to strengthen mucus, the body's natural protection of the gut wall, can slow digestion down, and can slow the uptake of nutrients in...

UCR biochemist goes to Washington with high-protein corn

...ent of protein and oil and about half of its usual carbohydrate content is what Daniel Gallie, professor of biochemistry at UC Riverside, will present at a congressional seminar in Washington, D.C., this week. Because his research holds promise for efficiently feeding high-protein corn to people and livestock al...

Green diesel: New process makes liquid transportation fuel from plants

...ced contains 90 percent of the energy found in the carbohydrate and hydrogen feed. If you look at a carbohydrate source such as corn, our new process has the potential to create twice the energy as is created in u...

Potential vaccine developed for deadly leishmaniasis disease

...ike beads on a chain. "This is the first and only carbohydrate vaccine candidate against this disease," Seeberger...ier stage of development. One major drawback with carbohydrate vaccines is the difficulty in getting them to produce a strong immune response. Vaccine manufacturer...

Lactic acid not athlete's poison, but an energy source - if you know how to use it

...rgy source, forcing muscles to rely on glycogen, a carbohydrate stored inside muscle cells. For both fuels, the basic chemical reactions producing ATP and generating lactate comprise the glycolytic pathway, often called anaerobic metabolism because no oxygen is needed. This pathway was thought to be separate from...

Minor mutations in avian flu virus increase chances of human infection

...technology allows researchers to assay hundreds of carbohydrate varieties in a single experiment," Berg said. "The glycan microarray offers a detailed picture of viral receptor specificity that can be used to map the evolution of new human pathogenic strains, such as the H5N1 avian influenza, and could prove inva...

Scientists seek to unwrap the sweet mystery of the sugar coat on bacteria

...Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology. "The carbohydrate coating is critical in how your immune system recognizes bacteria." Mahal and graduate student Ken Hsu report their findings in the advance on-line edition and March issue of Nature Chemical Biology. The scientists studied the sugar coats of four ...

Biologists visualize protein interaction that may initiate viral infection

...sites?" she asked. "The answer is that we need two carbohydrate sites that are 18 angstroms apart. There are no other sites that are 18 angstroms apart." Each virus particle contains 60 of the features, each having two carbohydrates 18 angstroms apart, representing 60 potential binding sites for the CRD. ...

Heparin prepared synthetically could replace animal-derived drug

...ccording to the researchers. Heparin is a complex carbohydrate used to stop or prevent blood from clotting during medical procedures and treatments such as kidney dialysis, heart bypass surgery, stent implantation, indwelling catheters, knee and hip replacements, and deep vein thrombosis. The annual worldwide sa...

Chocolate milk could be key to longer, healthier life

...pants were asked to drink a mixture of protein and carbohydrate (e.g. sweetened milk) and after the other just carbohydrates. It is well known that consuming proteins and sugars after resistance training increases the synthesis of proteins used for force i.e. it builds muscles. Dr Miller's research will tell us...

UF scientists test improved gene therapy method for hereditary heart conditions

... levels of an enzyme that normally breaks down the carbohydrate glycogen, used to store energy. The disease causes gradual weakening of muscle and heart tissue when glycogen accumulates in muscles, limiting their ability to contract. "This is a way of delivering gene therapy to the heart that is aimed at treati...

Researchers develop flood-tolerant California rice

...e submergence gene cluster makes rice conserve the carbohydrate reserves in the plant leaves when the plant is submerged, resulting in a controlled growth for the plant," said Bailey-Serres, who is a member of UCR's Center for Plant Cell Biology . "Rice plants that lack this particular gene, however, are not abl...

Dragonfly's metabolic disease provides clues about human obesity

...nd Schilder's experiments also found the hemolymph carbohydrate concentrations in parasite-infected dragonflies to be about double those of healthy dragonflies, and found insulin to have little effect on those concentrations. Insulin resistance is an abnormality associated with metabolic syndrome in humans. The...

Antibody extends life of mice with breast cancer

...author on the study. "This antibody binds with a carbohydrate on the tumor cell surface that is involved in adhesion of the cell during the metastatic process," said Rittenhouse-Olson. "Not only would drugs attached to the antibody JAA-F11 bind to the tumor cell surface to direct their cytotoxic effect, but the...

Wheat can fatally starve insect predators

...ances called lectins, is capable of binding with a carbohydrate complex in the Hessian fly larvae. The lectin acts as a key to the carbohydrate structure, known as a chitin. When the larvae attack a resistant plant, the plant's lectin produc...

Cancer-killing invention also harvests stem cells

...mportant fact: the selectins grab onto a specific carbohydrate on the surfaces of white blood cells, stem cells, and cancer cells. Associate Professor King decided to capture stem and cancer cells before the selectins release them. Harvesting Stem Cells Because bone marrow stem cells stick to selectin ...

McBride shows DNA detective work with paper-eating bacteria that 'glide'

... down cellulose," he says. "One type cuts the long carbohydrate molecule through the middle, while another chews s... eat cellulose, but it is able to digest a similar carbohydrate polymer, chitin. Like cellulose, chitin, which is found in the hard shells of lobsters and insects, ...

Super-fermenting fungus genome sequenced

.... Enzymes are then employed to break down complex carbohydrate into sugars, such as glucose and xylose, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Additional energy is required for the distillation process to achieve a fuel-grade product. Now, the power of genomics is being directed to optimize this age-o...

Toxoplasmosis infection trick revealed by scientists

..., and then enter the human cell. Using a novel carbohydrate microarray the team were able to identify the precise sugars to which the parasite protein binds. Following this the team used a combination of NMR spectroscopy and cellular studies to characterise the behaviour and interactions of the parasite prote...

Hearts of male and female rainbow trout are different

...lation or inhibition of the glycolytic pathway and carbohydrate oxidation. Ultimately, sex differences in cardiac energy metabolism and function may help define habitat suitability, swimming capabilities and health status of wild and hatchery-reared rainbow trout, and human heart disease, sex-specific treatment. ...