bones

Gene therapy converts dead bone graft to new, living tissue

.... "Those fractures are normal and healthy, and our bones re-knit them constantly. But when the bone is dead...t govern its health. His team replaced sections of bones in dozens of mice, using both healthy and dead segments, then scanned the surrounding inflammatory t...

New Clues Add 40,000 Years to Age of Human Species

...searchers have uncovered evidence suggesting human bones found at that time are roughly 195,000 years old. The researchers believe the findings may bolster the “Out-of-Africa?hypothesis that suggests we all trace to an ancient line that first evolved in Africa and then displaced other hominids as recently...

Researchers trace evolution to relatively simple genetic changes

...at glands. It also seems to control the shape of - bones in the forehead and nose. Now, Kingsley said, "it turns out that armor plate patterns in the fish are controlled by the same gene that creates this clinical disease in humans. And this finding is related to the old argument whether Nature can use th...

Octopuses occasionally stroll around on two arms, UC Berkeley biologists report

...at glands. It also seems to control the shape of - bones in the forehead and nose. Now, Kingsley said, "it turns out that armor plate patterns in the fish are controlled by the same gene that creates this clinical disease in humans. And this finding is related to the old argument whether Nature can use th...

NC State scientist finds soft tissue in T. rex bones

...came fossilized, soft tissues didn't preserve ?the bones were essentially transformed into "rocks" through ...actly what the soft structures isolated from these bones are made of. Do they consist of the original cells, and if so, do the cells still contain genetic in...

NJIT Presidential Award winner takes stem cell research another step

...r. Her research will help diabetics whose impaired bones will not properly heal. She is using adult stem ce...fer might be rejected. And it's not just defective bones that may be regenerated by stem cells. Arinzeh is now testing biomaterials that, in combination with...

Potential treatments for neurofibromatosis

... spots on the skin, enlargement and deformation of bones and curvature of the spine (scoliosis), and in many instances, learning disorders. Occasionally, tumors may develop in the brain, on cranial nerves, or on the spinal cord. However, a rare form of the disease occurs in infants and young children, wit...

Increased risk of osteoporosis associated with gene that one in five people have

...estrogen and is associated with low density in the bones of the hip. The study will be reported in the February issue of the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research and is available online. The gene, named CYP1A1, makes an abundant enzyme that detoxifies foreign substances and also breaks down estrogen as ...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

...mportant in preventing the premature fusion of the bones in the skull, and thus may be critical to allowing the brain to grow larger after birth. All of these findings are from mice or amphibians, but the researchers say that the same is almost certain to be the case in humans. "One of the things that's b...

Scientists use manufacturing methods to reconstruct mastodon

Combining 13,000-year-old bones with 21st century auto manufacturing techniques, s...preparators used a variety of techniques—borrowing bones from another specimen of the same species, size and stage of development, for instance, or manually ...

Revueltosaurus skeleton unearthed at Petrified Forest upsets dinosaur tale

...wingly, Hunt, Padian and Camp had also found other bones of Revueltosaurus, but because these remains were ...r Holbrook, since John Muir first picked up fossil bones and teeth while passing through in 1906 and deposited them with the University of California. Parke...

Agilent Technologies introduces high-capacity human protein removal system for proteomics research

...wingly, Hunt, Padian and Camp had also found other bones of Revueltosaurus, but because these remains were ...r Holbrook, since John Muir first picked up fossil bones and teeth while passing through in 1906 and deposited them with the University of California. Parke...

New method shows it is possible to grow bone for grafts within a patient's body

...tions. Working with mature rabbits, a species with bones that are very similar to those of humans, the rese...integrates really well at a recipient site." Long bones in the body are covered by a thin outer layer called the periosteum. The layer is a little like scot...

Modified collagen could yield important medical applications

...ponge-like scaffold upon which cells build nerves, bones and skin. Because it is non-toxic, dissolves naturally over time and rarely triggers rejection, collagen is commonly used in cosmetics, drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings. Yu's goal is to change some of collagen's biochemical or mecha...

Unusual antibiotics show promise against deadly 'superbugs'

...ponge-like scaffold upon which cells build nerves, bones and skin. Because it is non-toxic, dissolves naturally over time and rarely triggers rejection, collagen is commonly used in cosmetics, drug delivery systems and biocompatible coatings. Yu's goal is to change some of collagen's biochemical or mecha...

Neandertal femur suggests competition with hyenas and a shift in landscape use

...f the same animals as the hyenas, with some animal bones showing both cut marks from human tools and tooth marks from hyenas. Additionally, the human femur was gnawed by carnivores, probably hyenas. This shows that close competition for food and space persisted through the Middle Paleolithic among these Ne...

Scientists discover stem cell origin of neck and shoulders

... of homogeneous groups of stem cells making up the bones of the shoulder and neck and another making the mu...ng it." As the joining points between muscles and bones have survived unaltered across hundreds of millions of year researchers can also start to map cell t...

Researchers track down cause of a disfiguring bone disorder

...deafness and blindness. Collarbones, ribs and long bones can also be affected. The research team, led by Gabriela Loots of Livermore's Genome Biology Division, reports its findings today in the online version of the journal Genome Research. Noncoding DNA segments ?long stretches of DNA that do not code f...

Fundamental discovery -- Bone fracture

... about bone, describing why elephants need thicker bones than small animals." He said that a paper on bone is published every six minutes. And although bone is extensively studied, little is known about how it works at the molecular level. "Our paper is the beginning research on this." Hansma and his coll...

Beauty queens urge girls not to sacrifice their bones

...ize that modern ideas of "beauty" can damage their bones and lead to osteoporosis later in life. The women...ition in bone health". Osteoporosis, in which the bones become fragile and break easily, is one of the world's most devastating and common chronic diseases....

Elderly mice yield clues to the process of growing old

...d vision impairment, loss of muscle mass, weakened bones and fewer circulating red blood cells. Mitochondria are structures within cells that provide energy for cells to move, divide, contract and secrete products vital for the health of organisms. "We think that the key to what is happening in aging is t...

Study: Predatory dinosaurs had bird-like pulmonary system

...Washington, D.C., Berlin and London to examine the bones of ancient beasts, and also studied a 67-million-y...movement of researchers who are examining dinosaur bones and comparing them with modern animals to learn more about the anatomy of these extinct beasts. ...

Virginia Tech, Nanjing Institute researchers discover half-billion year-old fossils

...40 million years ago ?when animals with shells and bones began to become plentiful. But evidence of complex life older than 540 million years is scant and difficult to study. Now, a research team from Virginia Tech in the United States and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology in China has discove...

Ancient DNA confirms single origin of Malagasy primates

...al Academy of Sciences. Radiocarbon dating of the bones and teeth from which the DNA was obtained reveal that each of the individuals analyzed died well over 1,000 years ago, according to the senior author, Anne Yoder, associate professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Living lemu...

Nanotubes inspire new technique for healing broken bones

...implanted material. Grafts provide a framework for bones to regenerate and heal, allowing bone cells to weave into the porous structure of the implant, which supports the new tissue as it grows to connect fractured bone segments. The new technique may someday give doctors the ability to inject a solution ...

DNA traces evolution of extinct sabertooths and the American cheetah-like cat

...comparing ancient DNA extracted from the preserved bones of the two sabertooths (a Smilodon specimen from Patagonia and a Homotherium specimen from the Yukon region) and the American cheetah-like cat (a Miracinonyx specimen from the state of Wyoming) with DNA from modern felid (cat-family) and carnivore sp...

Bone marrow stem cells may heal hearts even years after heart attacks

...The researchers harvested bone marrow from the hip bones of the patients, so there was no threat of transplant rejection. After processing, stem cells from the marrow were infused through a catheter into the coronary artery where the patient's heart attack occurred. "The main results were at least threefo...

Oldest dated evidence of cattle in southern Africa found

.... The discovery of the 2000 year old cow and sheep bones are important because of the long held view that the Kalahari was a comparatively isolated area that was primarily occupied by foraging peoples until recently. The findings, to be published in the August/October issue of Current Anthropology, are al...

Biotechnology's newest chemical tool

...o the proximal, medial and distal phalanges, those bones between your finger knuckles, are all driven by the same tendon. This approach is called underactuation as there are more Degrees of Freedom than Degrees of Movement (motors); it means the prosthesis has a self-adaptive grasp. "This is a fundamenta...

Extinct giant deer's descendant found in UK

... we can analyse these ancient DNA samples from the bones of a mammal that has been extinct for over 8000 years and show that they are directly related to a living deer ?more importantly we've found its closest living descendant." ...

Study Holds Promise For New Way To Fight HIV

... we can analyse these ancient DNA samples from the bones of a mammal that has been extinct for over 8000 years and show that they are directly related to a living deer ?more importantly we've found its closest living descendant." ...

Missing fossil link 'Dallasaurus' found

...natomy and natural history of Dallasaurus from the bones Turner discovered and from some matching skeletal ...ailable for reconstructing a suitable exhibit, the bones of Dallasaurus will be displayed at the Dallas Museum of Natural History. The work, however, will ta...

Scientists use stem cells to grow cartilage

... the dense connective tissue usually found between bones to allow the smooth movement of joints. Research to be published in Tissue Engineering shows how the Imperial team directed embryonic stem cells to become cartilage cells. This could allow doctors to grow cartilage for transplantation for a number ...

Fossil find: 'Godzilla' crocodile had head of a dinosaur, fins like a fish

...lata in Argentina uncovered the crocodile's fossil bones in Patagonia ; Pol used sophisticated software to map the features of those bones and determine its lineage. Together, they describe the creature in the latest issue of the journal S...

Seal rookeries could provide a reliable food source for endangered California condors, study finds

...rrestrial wildlife, such as deer. Feathers and bones In 2002, Chamberlain and his colleagues embarked...he research team conducted an isotopic analysis of bones and feathers from 92 individual condors--22 modern birds that died in the wild between 1993 and 2001...

Scientists fetch useful information from dog genome publications

...ecialized for running tend to exhibit large pelvic bones and relatively slender limbs." In the second manuscript, Lark's team describes the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism, or size differences between male and female dogs. They attribute the differences to at least two interacting loci, one of which ...

Dog genome sequenced

...ecialized for running tend to exhibit large pelvic bones and relatively slender limbs." In the second manuscript, Lark's team describes the genetic basis for sexual dimorphism, or size differences between male and female dogs. They attribute the differences to at least two interacting loci, one of which ...

Stem cells from muscles can repair cartilage

...rticular cartilage (cartilage covering the ends of bones where they meet in a joint) frequently occurs due to injury or illness, and can lead to degenerative disease. Treatments and experimental approaches to repair this articular cartilage have achieved limited results, but currently there is no method to...

Bones from blood: Scientists aim to break new ground on fractures

...earch project which aims to develop ways of making bones from blood. Researchers from the University's Department of Biology are heading the EC-backed project to create bone structures from cord blood stem cells for use in the repair of bone defects and fractures. The three-year ?.5 million research proj...

Frog’s ear canal may provide insights for understanding human hearing loss

...ate effectively at these high frequencies, and the bones of the middle ear must be extremely lightweight in...n the eardrum and the inner ear, thus allowing the bones of the middle ear to be shorter, and as a result, lighter in weight. Scientists have known for seve...

Rice bioengineers pioneer techniques for knee repair

...nd tibia and absorb the compressive shock that the bones undergo during walking and running. Over the past 18 months, he and his students Adam Aufderheide and Gwen Hoben have perfected methods of growing meniscus-shaped pieces of cartilage, but they are still trying to perfect the mechanical strength of th...

Ancient DNA provides clues to the evolution of social behavior

...rder and regurgitated pellets of indigestible fur, bones and teeth while they rest. From these teeth, scientists can determine which rodent species lived in a roughly 3-mile radius of the cave at any given time. Using modern and ancient DNA from tuco-tuco teeth found in the two caves, Stanford graduate st...

NJIT engineer poised to take stem cell research a step forward

...ients suffering from osteoporosis, whose fractured bones could be regenerated by the cells. Arinzeh has pushed the basic science of stem cells forward and, with her latest two grants, she is poised to take it yet another step. "Treena has all the earmarks of a technical superstar," says Jaffe, her partn...

Wisconsin scientists find a way to make human collagen in the lab

...rotein in the body, reinforcing connective tissue, bones and teeth, and forming long, fibrous cables to strengthen tendons. Collagen forms sheets of tissue that support the skin and every internal organ. There is nothing in the body, in fact, that does not depend in some way on collagen. In medicine, coll...

FSU biologist says new dinosaur is oldest cousin of Tyrannosaurus rex

...regory M. Erickson sliced up some ancient dinosaur bones uncovered in China to help an international team o...us providing an accurate model for scientists. The bones of the smaller specimen had only six closely spaced rings and no widely spaced ones, indicating that...

Bioactive cement scaffold may improve bone grafts

...mplants that may improve construction or repair of bones in the face, skull and jaw, has been developed by researchers from the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Described in recent and upcoming journal articles,* the new technolo...

Robot assisted surgery more accurate than conventional surgery

...f the robotically assisted operations lined up the bones to within two degrees of the planned position, but only 40 percent of the conventionally performed cases achieved this level of accuracy. The team found there were no additional side effects from using robot assisted surgery, and recovery from surge...

Insects and mammals share common fat-building pathway, study suggests

...things tend to happen almost across the board--our bones become thinner and we gain fat," said senior autho...o reverse or prevent this trend, building stronger bones while reducing fat." The researchers found that flies in which the Hh pathway in the fat bodies was...

Relationship of brain and skull more than just packaging

...e of the sutures -- fibrous bands that connect the bones -- of the baby's skull close too early and deform ...evolution shows a trend toward fewer skull and jaw bones and loss of some intercranial joints. While craniosynostosis is considered a pathology in modern hum...

Ancient fossil DNA found preserved in crystal

...f crystal clusters in fresh bones. Even when these bones are ground up and treated with sodium hypochlorite... returned to these findings, reasoning that fossil bones might possess such crystal structures containing preserved ancient DNA. After treating two modern ...

Evolution of 'irreducible complexity' explained

...0 million years ago, before the first animals with bones appeared on Earth ?and characterized its molecular functions. The experiments showed that the receptor had the capacity to be activated by aldosterone long before the hormone actually evolved. Thornton's group then showed that the ancestral recep...

Life, the remake

..., such as photosynthesis, plant seeds, mineralized bones and even human language are just such good ideas that they would reappear, although at different times and in somewhat different forms. Barnacles, for example, "desperately want to be mollusks," Vermeij said, although they are actually crustaceans r...

U of M study examines kidney stone prevention in astronauts

... while in space. Astronauts lose calcium in their bones and strength in their muscles while in space because of the zero-gravity environment. This calcium can end up in their kidneys, putting them at risk for developing kidney stones. At least 14 American crew members have developed kidney stones in the...

Bones hold the key to blood renewal

...hough we think of them as solid and permanent, our bones are actually constantly being rebuilt throughout o...now revealed how cells that work at remodeling the bones play a direct part in the ongoing renewal of another system ?the blood. Their findings, which may le...

UCLA scientists strengthen case for life more than 3.8 billion years ago

...alled apatite, which is also the material of which bones and teeth are made. The form of life the researchers believe they have discovered was probably a simple microorganism, although its actual shape or nature cannot be ascertained, Mojzsis said, because heat and pressure over time have destroyed any o...

How ancient whales lost their legs, got sleek and conquered the oceans

... kept the same number and arrangement of hind limb bones as their terrestrial ancestors." In findings to be published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists say the gradual shrinkage of the whales' hind limbs over 15 million years was the result of slowly accumulated ...

Ultra low-dose estrogen shown safe for post-menopausal women

...or two years," says Yaffe. "It would benefit their bones and might have a beneficial effect in terms of hot flashes." A related study of the same group of women showed a significant increase in bone density, without adverse health effects, in the women who took estradiol compared to the women who took pl...

Tyrannosaur survivorship -- tough times for teens

...ck, animals. The almost complete lack of herbivore bones from the excavation suggests that this was probabl...ive at age 13, which would help explain why so few bones of young adults have been found. "One implication of these findings is that the previously mysteriou...

One therapeutic dose of radiation causes 30 percent spongy bone loss in mice

...gical Society. Bateman's team received the mouse bones from the Loma Linda group, which had used the mice to examine the effects of radiation on the immune system. ...

Orange, grapefruit juice for breakfast builds bones in rats

...g considered an unavoidable aging disease in which bones become more likely to break, according to a study ...sity. He said the team will now examine the rats' bones at the cellular level "to see what caused that improvement in the bone." "A reduction in bone densi...