axis in Biological News

Scientists at CSHL discover mobile small RNAs that set up leaf patterning in plants

... agenda of a plant leaf is the establishment of an axis that makes a leaf's top half distinct from its ... plant biologists have known that this top/bottom axis analogous to the front/back or "dorso-ventral" axis in animals is established by a signal derived ...

Scientists at CSHL discover mobile small RNAs that set up leaf patterning in plants

... agenda of a plant leaf is the establishment of an axis that makes a leaf's top half distinct from its ... plant biologists have known that this top/bottom axis analogous to the front/back or "dorso-ventral" axis in animals is established by a signal derived ...

Healing wounds with lasers, vehicles that drive themselves, other cutting-edge optics

... of the scope is a waveform whose value is graphed along the vertical axis as a function of the horizontal axis representing time. An electron beam, aimed at a phosphorescent screen, is ...

Orientation of antenna protein in photosynthetic bacteria described

... by Gross. The trimeric protein the taco shell protein has a symmetry axis down the middle. The protein lays on the membrane with the symmetry axis perpendicular to the membrane. The combination of labeling and mass ...

Penn scientists discover cells reorganize shape to fit the situation

... are hollow protein pipes that arrange themselves in bundles down the long axis of the cell. As they extend from the cell center towards the periphery, ... to extend in the intended direction generally, further along the long axis of the cell. Essentially, what Tran's team, led by technician Courtney ...

Moores UCSD Cancer Center study links vitamin D, type 1 diabetes

... of type 1 diabetes. The researchers created a graph with a vertical axis for diabetes incidence rates, and a horizontal axis for latitude. The latitudes range from -60 for the southern hemisphere, to ...

December GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights

... on an off-axis fissure mound approximately 600 meters east of the EPR axis between 952′ and 956′N. Portions of the lava flow reached as far as approximately 2 kilometers east of the axis near 951.2′N. Using a conservative estimate of 1.5 meters for the ...

UC San Diego engineer provides insights to decades-old DNA squabble

... models. Some researchers suggest that its structure is like a solenoid, where the chain of nucleosomes follows a helical path along the chromatin axis such that adjacent nucleosomes along the chain lie side by side on the chromatin fiber also and thus the linker DNA connecting the two needs to ...

Stress puts double whammy on reproductive system, fertility

... left with longer-term elevations of RFRP levels in the dorsomedial hypothalamus area of the brain, and suppression of activity in the reproductive axis - the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal hormone cascade - that is associated with lowered sexual activity. "With chronic stress, glucocorticoids went ...

Is this the beginning of the end of plant breeding?

... The double-chromatid chromosomes line up along the centre of the cell. In mitosis, the two chromatids are pulled apartthe X is divided along one axis of symmetryand these then pass into two genetically identical daughter cells. In meiosis, there are two lining up and dividing phases. The first ...

Symposia selected for Entomological Society of America meeting

... of Arthropods in Inundative Biological Control Programs Developing Effective Management Strategies for Curculionidae: Novel Tactics Targeting the axis of Weevil Honoring Hlldobler and Wilson by Celebrating the Social Insects Insect Scientist/Plant Breeder Interactions: Working Together ...

Regulation of cell proliferation by the OGF-OGFr axis is dependent on nuclear localization signals

... and immunoelectron microscope studies have detected OGF and OGFr in both the cytoplasmic and the nuclear compartments. The OGF-OGFr axis is known to regulate cell proliferation by modulating cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors, resulting in a retardation of cells at the G1-S interface ...

Lack of vitamin D causes weight gain and stunts growth in girls

... D insufficiency in young people living in a sun-rich area was surprising," says study lead author, Richard Kremer, co-director of the Musculoskeletal axis of the MUHC. "We found young women with vitamin D insufficiency were significantly heavier, with a higher body mass index and increased abdominal ...

Mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and cancer give clues to new therapies

... to other parts of the body in the metastasis process, enabling the tumour to spread, usually with fatal results. Understanding the endothelin axis and its role in both cancer and cardiovascular disease is now increasing as a result of collaboration between these two medical research fields ...

Predatory bacterial swarm uses rippling motion to reach prey

... motion M. xanthus exhibits at low levels of prey, the study shows that during predation, individual M. xanthus cells line up perpendicular to the axis of the ripple and move back and forth. This motion of individual cells, known as cell reversal produces an alternating pattern of high and low cell ...

October 2008 GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights

... sites. Fontaine et al. show, by means of numerical models, that variations in the depth of penetration of fluids in the crust along the ridge axis can explain the observed heterogeneous distribution of sites along ridge portions. Their models highlight the differences in the hydrothermal cooling ...

Newly discovered molecular switch helps decide cell type in early embryo development

... locations in the developing body. Understanding the influence of Hox transcription factors in cell differentiation along the anterior and posterior axis of the Drosophilia melangaster fruit fly is an important focal point of this research. In collaboration with H. Leighton Grimes, Ph.D., of ...

Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, is dependent on the OGF-OGFr signaling pathway

... important immune response modifier with potent antiviral and antitumor activity, is dependent on the Opioid Growth Factor (OGF)-OGF receptor (OGFr) axis for its action. This discovery, reported in the August 08 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine , provides new insights into a widely used ...

Root or shoot? EAR calls the shots

... La Jolla, CA Controlled by a tightly regulated choreography that determines what should go up and what should go down, plants develop along a polar axis with a root on one end and a shoot on the other. While studying why a defective TOPLESS gene causes plant embryos to develop into a seedling ...

Nanowires hold promise for more affordable solar cells

... to add solar cells to our line of alternative energy products, said Tony Verrelli, president of Cleanfield Energy, manufacturers of the V3.5 vertical axis wind turbine. Dr. LaPierres nanowire research has the potential to make solar cells accessible to a wider range of people looking for a more ...

Quakes under Pacific floor reveal unexpected circulatory system

... arrangement. The water appears to descend instead through a sort of buried 200-meter-wide chimney atop the ridge, run below the ridge along its axis through a tunnel-like zone just above a magma chamber, and then bubble back up through a series of vents further along the ridge. If you google on ...

Humans unknowing midwives for pregnant moose

... author. Berger also cited similar examples where prey species tend to use humans as cover from predation, including vervet monkeys in Kenya and axis deer in Nepal that avoiding big cats by staying close to ranger stations. The studys results indicate that moose and other prey species find humans ...

Sweet smell

... with a statistical program that analyzed the variance in perception among the smell experts. The scientists found that the data fell along an axis that describes the 'pleasantness rating' of the odors running from 'sweet' and 'flowery' at one end to 'rancid' and 'sickening' at the other. The ...

Evolution reveals an independent route for diversity in animal form

... of different morphological features along the anterior-posterior axis--the axis along which the head, trunk, and tail are arranged. The work indicates ... reflecting their actual pattern of expression along the anterior-posterior axis of a developing animal. The Hox system has long been considered a defining ...

Anemone genes reveal versatile building blocks for body plans

... version of genes known to be responsible for organizing the dorso/ventral axis in bilateral animals. Matus and colleagues found that two types of ... the proteins are expressed on opposite sides of the dorsal/ventral axis very early in embryogenesis, during gastrulation. However, the researchers ...

Chemical signaling helps regulate sensory map formation in the brain

... required for map formation along the anterior-posterior (front-to-back) axis and the B-class for medial-lateral (side-to-side) axis. For several ... role for Wnts. They show that a gradient of Wnt3 along the medial-lateral axis within the developing brain is the opposing regulating force, working ...

Researchers learn how blood vessel cells cope with their pressure-packed job

... fibers of endothelial cells in arteries are aligned parallel to the long axis of blood vessels, and this alignment is perpendicular to the direction of ... Chien and his collaborators stretched the cells back and forth along one axis in the miniature workout chambers, the cells formed stress fibers ...

Too mellow for our predatory world

... flight initiation distance and are able to mount a corticosteroid stress response", explains Thomas Roedl. It seems that the function of the stress axis can be retained even through long evolutionary periods with no predation pressure and that it can quickly regain its activity once predation resumes. ...

Buildup of damaged DNA in cells drives aging

... they demonstrated that if normal adult mice were exposed to a drug that causes DNA damage, such as a cancer chemotherapy agent, the growth hormone axis was similarly suppressed. In other words, DNA damage somehow triggered hormonal changes that halted growth, while also boosting maintenance and ...

New brain hormone puts brakes on reproduction

... axis" acting via feedback loops to keep the body's hormones within the optimal range for fertility and successful mating. The head of the axis is the brain's GnRH-producing hypothalamus, which communicates via a blood portal with the anterior pituitary and stimulates production of the ...

Forsyth scientists gain greater understanding of how embryos differentiate left from right

... that it helps to regulate the early flow of this important neurotransmitter. These data implicate H+-V-ATPase activity in patterning the left right axis of three different vertebrates, reveal mechanisms both upstream and downstream of its activity, and identify a novel role for this important ion ...

Pleasing plant shapes explained by new computer model

... professor Cris Kuhlemeier), present the first model to show how plants achieve phyllotaxis ?the unique arrangement of lateral organs around a central axis that results in the spiral patterns seen in most plants ?beginning at the molecular-level. "Biologists have many theories about why phyllotaxis ...

Study Holds Promise For New Way To Fight HIV

... a shoulder height of around two metres with antlers spanning 3.5 metres (10 feet). Deer from around the world (including the southeast Asian axis deer, the hog deer and fallow deer) were DNA tested and their characteristics - such as antlers, skull and teeth size & shape - were studied. Two ...

Extinct giant deer's descendant found in UK

... a shoulder height of around two metres with antlers spanning 3.5 metres (10 feet). Deer from around the world (including the southeast Asian axis deer, the hog deer and fallow deer) were DNA tested and their characteristics - such as antlers, skull and teeth size & shape - were studied. Two ...

Drawing with DNA: 'Bioart' illuminates genomics

... are rendered in a 40-foot wide and 12-foot tall space by five video projectors, with the figures for human genes/proteins shown along a vertical axis and for the rice along a horizontal. A whole-body computer vision interface tracks the movements of visitors and allows them to interact with the ...

Scientists discover that three overlapping signals in embryo help get the backbone right

... appearance of a recognizable body plan. If this step fails, the embryo eventually dies. "Gastrulation and the process of defining your back-belly axis is such an important step that you actually have multiple proteins being expressed there, just in case one of them fails, the others can compensate," ...

Key mechanism in genetic inheritance during cell division identified

... be largely governed by the lateral interactions between adjacent protofilaments," the authors note, "rings that bind orthogonally to the microtubule axis are not only expected to strengthen interprotofilament interactions, but to also prevent protofilament peeling, which in turn would encourage further ...