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viral at biology dictionary

Yellow fever

...omit or sometimes The American Plague) is an acute viral disease. It is still an important cause of hemorrhage illness in several African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine . Full article >>> yellow fever Virus disease trans mitted by the mosquito Ae...

Virus

...or RNA . Within an appropriate host cell , the viral genome is replicated and uses cellular systems to direct the synthesis of other viral components. Full article >>> Virus es are usually quite specific as to their hosts a...

Viral oncogene

...least some of the genetic information in the retro viral oncogene src is also present in the normal genom...Full article >>> Viral oncogene . A viral gene that contributes to malig- nancies in vertebrate hosts. (See Oncogene .) Viroid. Full artic...

Virion

...l , it is called a virion — a package of viral genetic material . Virion s can be passed from host to host either through direct contact or through a vector , or carrier . Full article >>> (b) We have obtained packaging of 160-180 kb exogenous DNA into infectious virion ...

Variety

...culture d cells where cells have been Iysed by viral infection. Full article >>> A wide ...culture d cells where cells have been Iysed by viral infection. Plasmid (p). Full article >>> Involves a variety of muscle groups. I...

Transduction

...s to and incorporate foreign DNA brought in by a viral particle. see Signal transduction ... Full a...rred from one bacterium to another by the agent of viral infection. trans ection The severing of a nerve to determine its specific function(s). Full articl...

Transcriptome

...on : The incorporation of a cellular gene into a viral genome , that can then be introduced into other cells . Full article >>> The short c DNA sequence fragments discovered by this method are called Express ed Tag Sequence s, or ESTs, and represented one of the first methods to ident...

Transcriptase

...de the enzyme reverse transcriptase with the viral RNA . Reverse transcriptase makes a single- strand ed viral DNA copy of the single- strand ed viral RNA . Full article >>> Negative- sense v...

Trans

...rred from one bacterium to another by the agent of viral infection. Full article >>> trans posable element - see trans poson trans poson - mobile segment of DNA capable of "hopping" into or out of chromosomal DNA ; ... Full article >>> trans located herbicide. H...

Thymine

... DNA , but sufficiently different enough to block viral DNA synthesis. Full article >>> A nitrogenous base , such as cytosine , thymine , or uracil , with a character istic single-ring structure; one of the components of nucleic acids . Privacy Statement, Terms of Use, Permissions ....

T cell

...ly formed virus es. Upon entering the cell , the viral DNA may instead, become integrated into the bac...2;> Within an appropriate host cell , the viral genome is replicated and uses cellular systems to direct the synthesis of other viral components. ...

Supercoil

...lf. Commonly observed with plasmid s and circular viral DNA genome s (such as that of hepatitis B virus ). Full article >>> The supercoil ed arrangement of DNA in eukaryotic nuclear chromosomes produced by coiling the continuous string of nucleosome s (about 7 nucleosome s per tu...

Stoma

...f the retina of the eye. reverse transcriptase viral enzyme used to make c DNA . Full article >>> An example of this is hereditary retinobla stoma , a serious cancer of the retina that occurs in early childhood. Full article >>> Style s of art that flourished duri...

Site-specific recombination

...cific sections of DNA occurs e.g. insertion of viral DNA into chromosomes , gene switching etc. Full article >>>...

Sequencing

...re used in DNA sequencing and the treatment of viral diseases. (See Nucleotide .) didN. See Dideoxy nucleotide . Digest. To cut DNA molecule s with one or more restriction endonuclease s. Diploid cell . Full article >>> DNA sequencing -- "plus and minus" or "primed synthesis"...

RNA virus

...d positive- sense RNA virus es. Positive- sense viral RNA is identical to viral m RNA and thus can be immediately trans lated by the host cell . Full article >>> ...

Reverse transcriptase

...lude the enzyme reverse transcriptase with the viral RNA . Reverse transcriptase makes a single- strand ed viral DNA copy of the single- strand ed viral RNA . Full article >>> Reverse transcript...

Retrovirus

..., which is capable of creating a DNA copy of the viral RNA . The new DNA produced from the RNA template is called c DNA . Full article >>> Retrovirus Short for Reverse Trans kriptase Onko Virus . RNA virus that encode the enzyme reverse transcriptase so that their RNA c...

Recombinase

...ite -specific DNA recombination is involved in viral integration , excision and chromosomal segregation . Full article >>> Recombinase An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination . Recombination Genetic exchange resulting from a cross-over between two different DNA molec...

Prophage

...2;>> The lysogenic cycle occurs when the viral DNA is incorporated into the host DNA as a prophage . When the cell replicates the prophage is passed along as if it were host DNA . Full article >>> The integrated phage , called a prophage , can confer new properties ...

Plaque

...t Richard Nixon. Full article >>> A viral plaque assay Haemagglutenation assays, which qua...culture d cells where cells have been Iysed by viral infection. Plasmid (p). Full article >>>...

Plant

...culture d cells where cells have been Iysed by viral infection. Full article >>> Plant Geography the study of the geographic distribution of plant species (geo = earth; graph = to write) ... Full article >>> plant igrade Walking on the entire sole of the foot ...

Phospholipid

...from the envelope are peg-like structures that the viral RNA encodes. Full article >>> lipid One of a family of compound s, including fats , phospholipid s, and steroids, that are insoluble in water. Covered in Lab 5 Fermentation and Respiration liverworts Belong to the clas...

Phosphodiester Bond

... are used in DNA sequencing and the treatment of viral diseases. (See Nucleotide .) didN. Full article >>> Endonuclease -- an enzyme that breaks the internal phosphodiester bond s in a DNA molecule . Ethics -- the study of fundamental principles which defines values and determines...

Phage

...cteria l cell . The bacteria l cell treats the viral genetic material as if it was its own and subseq...nto the host DNA . Under certain conditions the viral DNA can detach and direct replication of new virus , eventually killing the host cell . Ful...

Parasite

...or RNA . Within an appropriate host cell , the viral genome is replicated and uses cellular systems to direct the synthesis of other viral components. Full article >>> virus es - obligate intracellular parasite s that re...

Pancreas

...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Intergenic region s. Full...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Full article >>> Hyperglycemia high blood sugar another name f...

Package

...l , it is called a virion — a package of viral genetic material . Virion s can be passed from host to host either through direct contact or through a vector , or carrier . Full article >>> One of the threadlike " package s" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a ce...

Oncogene

... -oma tumor oncogene A gene of cellular or viral origin that causes cells to exhibit rapid, uncontrolled proliferation. See also proto- oncogene . Full article >>> Our targeted mutagenesis laboratory has already generated null mutants for two genes which are evolutionarily c...

Nucleoside

... DNA , but sufficiently different enough to block viral DNA synthesis. Full article >>> Biochemical energy for translation is derived from nucleoside triphosphates at three steps. Charging of t RNA requires ATP to form an aminoacyl adenylate intermediate. Adenylate is later relea...

Nucleic acids

...d in HIV-1 particles, presumably by binding to the viral RNA . Full article >>> Nucleic Acids Research 10:2353, 1982.) shows Southern blot s of nuclear DNA from clones of Trypanosoma brucei express ing different variant surface glycoprotein s (VSGs). The DNA was digested with the...

Nucleic acid

... is trans cribed and trans lated to produce more viral DNA , protein coats and spikes. The virus acq...d in HIV-1 particles, presumably by binding to the viral RNA . Full article >>> nucleotide s - serve as building blocks for the construction...

Mouth

...uth disease, is a highly contagious but non-fatal viral disease of cattle and pigs. Full article >>> Mouth ( buccal cavity ; includes salivary glands , mucosa , teeth and tongue ) Pharynx O esophagus or Esophagus (gullet) and cardia Stomach , which includes the antrum and pylo...

Monocistronic

...NA . Full article >>> Separation of viral proteins that were trans lated from a monocistronic m RNA Digestion of proteins from foods as a source of amino acids Conversion of predecessor- proteins (pro enzymes , zymogens, pre hormones ) into their final structures. Full ar...

Lytic cycle

...cle The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction , the other being the lysogenic cycl...>>> lytic cycle (lit-ik) A type of viral replication cycle resulting in the release of new phage s by death or lysis of the host cell...

Lysis

... l cell whose chromosome contains in- tegrated viral DNA . Full article >>> Ana lysis of biological material by detection of the light-absorbing or fluorescing properties of cells or subcellular fractions (i.e., chromosomes ) passing in a narrow stream through a laser beam. Full ar...

Liposomes

...fer in respiratory epithelial cells than either viral or liposomal methods alone. Full article >>> Thirdly, opening of the purified PT pore complex reconstituted into liposomes is inhibited by recombinant Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL, two apoptosis -inhibitory proteins that also prevent PT pore...

Islets of Langerhans

...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Intergenic region s. Full...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Full article >>> pancreatic islets Clusters of endocrine cell...

Insulin

...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Full article >>> Human Insulin is used to treat diabetes. Insulin was previously obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. It sometimes caused allergic reactions. Tissue plasminogen act...

Integration

...tegrase then facilitates the integration of this viral DNA into the cellular chromosome . Pro virus (...ite -specific DNA recombination is involved in viral integration , excision and chromosomal segregation . Full article >>> method of fo...

Host

...ly formed virus es. Upon entering the cell , the viral DNA may instead, become integrated into the bacteria l DNA . It is replicated along with the host DNA when the host reproduces. Full article >>> New Host Strain s for Stabilization and Modification of YAC Clones 60. D...

Guanine

... DNA , but sufficiently different enough to block viral DNA synthesis. Full article >>> PURINE BASES - Adenine (A) or Guanine (G) (see NUCLEOTIDE ). PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS ( PFGE ) - Separation of large (>50 kb) pieces of DNA , including complete chromosomes an...

Genome

... capsid the protein shell that encloses the viral genome ; rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more completely shaped. capsule a containing structure with a strong outer covering, found in many different groups. Full article >>> library . In molecular biology , a set of clones containin...

Fusion Protein

... he is studying the structures and interactions of viral fusion protein s in lipid bilayers, mainly using the influenza surface protein , hemagglutinin (HA). Full article >>> ^ Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 20(7):285-6 Purification of His-Tag fusion protein s from Escherichia coli ^ Natur...

Foot

...uth disease, is a highly contagious but non-fatal viral disease of cattle and pigs. Full article >>> foot 1. The basal portion of a moss sporophyte , embedded in the gametophyte . 2.The muscular locomotory structure of molluscs. forage crops Crops that are grown as food for domesticat...

Family

...ron. A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Intergenic region s. DNA ...2; A family of small proteins that stimulate viral resistance in cells . Intergenic region s. DNA sequence s located between genes that comprise a l...

Eukaryotes

...s (such as reo virus ) or may be produced during viral replication as a general marker for viral infection. It is believed that ... Full article >>> 1] In eukaryotes , the cap site...

Eukaryote

...s (such as reo virus ) or may be produced during viral replication as a general marker for viral infection. It is believed that ... Full article >>> Cap: All eukaryote s have at t...

Elements

...ed from retrovirus es; other retroransposons lack viral genes. Retrotransposons are ubiquitous elements in eukaryotic genome s. Full article >>> The dissolving of minerals and other elements in soil or rocks by the downward movement of water. leading strand The new continuous co...

DNA sequencing

... are used in DNA sequencing and the treatment of viral diseases. (See Nucleotide .) didN. See Dideoxy nucleotide . Digest. To cut DNA molecule s with one or more restriction endonuclease s. Diploid cell . Full article >>> DNA sequencing -- "plus and minus" or "primed synthesis" m...

DNA probes

... A more recent development is direct detection of viral proteins and/or DNA in blood or secretions. Th...hain re action ), involving the amplification of viral DNA and its subsequent detection with anti- DNA probes . [edit] ... Full article >>> ...

Cytosine

... DNA , but sufficiently different enough to block viral DNA synthesis. Full article >>> For instance, a mismatch repair enzyme would recognize when Cytosine (C) is mistakenly paired with Thymine (T). The enzyme would then replace Thymine with Guanine (G), resulting in a corr...

Cosmid

... s, cosmid s, YAC's or a temperate- phage DNA . viral vector A viral DNA altered so that it can act as a vector for recombinant DNA . virion A single virus part...

Cell membrane

... l cell whose chromosome contains in- tegrated viral DNA . Full article >>>...

Capsid

... capsid The protein shell that encloses the viral genome ; rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complete... capsid the protein shell that encloses the viral genome ; rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more completely shaped. capsule a containing structure with a...

Capitulum

... capsid the protein shell that encloses the viral genome ; rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more completely shaped. Full article >>>...

Cancer

...f the retina of the eye. reverse transcriptase viral enzyme used to make c DNA . Full article >>> To name just one, the observed development of resistance - to insecticides in crop pests, to antibiotic s in bacteria , to chemotherapy in cancer cells , ... Full article >>...

Budding

...membrane budding process. So what happens is the viral RNA 's code for these 10 virus proteins , th...necessarily killed. Click here for more details on viral reproduction in animal cells . Full article >>> It postulates that species mul...

Biophysics

... he is studying the structures and interactions of viral fusion protein s in lipid bilayers, ... Full article >>>...

Animals

... capsid the protein shell that encloses the viral genome ; rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more completely shaped. Full article >>> protozoa - tiny animals ; most feed on microorganisms yeast - eukaryotic organ isms larger than most bacteria , commonly divides by budding ... Full ...
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