trans

Zygote

...aspect of genetic drift is the random nature of trans mitting alleles from one generation to the next given that only a fr action of all possible zygote s become mature adults. Full article >>> Mendel was also the first to hypothesize independent assortment , the distinction betwee...

Zona pellucida

... - a girdle; L. pellucidus - to shine through]. A trans lucent non-cellular membrane surrounding a mammalian egg through which sperm must penetrate in order for fertilization to occur. Full article >>> Zona pellucida The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein matrix surrounding the ...

Yellow fever

... >>> yellow fever Virus disease trans mitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. yellowcake The concentrate of 70 to 90 percent uranium oxide extracted from crushed ore. Full article >>> AIDS is having the greatest impact in countries ridden with poverty, where public health in...

X chromosome

...fly all sex-linked character s are on a single trans ferrable unit, the observable se x chromosome . Full article >>> M organ hypothesized that the gene for eye color was only on the X chromosome , specifically in that region of the X that had no corresponding region on the Y. Ful...

Western blotting

... have been separated by gel electrophoresis and trans ferred to a membrane. Related Terms: Protein ... Full article >>> Western blotting and immunochemistry Main article: Western blot Antibodies to most proteins can be created by injecting small amounts of the protein into an ...

Western blot

...trophoresis in an acrylamide gel ( PAGE ), and trans ferred onto a membrane. The membrane is then prob... have been separated by gel electrophoresis and trans ferred to a membrane. Related Terms: Protein ... Full article >>> Western blot ...

Voluntary muscle

...me ratio of a part of the body, the faster is can trans fer heat to its surroundings. Full article >>> myomere The muscle plate or portion of a somite that develops into voluntary muscle . myosin A large protein of contractile tissue that forms the thick myofilaments of striated...

VNTR

...ctor -- a self-replicating DNA molecule that trans fers a DNA segment between host cells . Full article >>>...

VLSI

...arge- scale integration allowing over 100,000 trans istors on a chip. Full article >>> BISP: VLSI Solutions to Sequence -Comparison Problems Tim Hunkapiller, Leroy Hood, Ed Chen, and Michael Waterman Physical Map ping of DNA Molecule s Richard M. Karp ... Full article >...

Viscera

...s not felt in a discrete location as pain signals trans mitted by the sensory- somatic system are. Full article >>> viscera l mass The region of a mollusc's body that contains viscera l organ s. Viscera l organ s of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. viscosity the resistanc...

Virus

...the host organ ism they can infect, by mode of trans mission, or by the type of disease they cause. Fu...s genetic material . The RNA of the virus is trans lated into DNA , which insert s itself into an infected cell 's own DNA . Retro virus es can c...

Virulence

...lasmid s, phage s, and transposon s that can be trans mitted horizontally between different species or...;> The relationship between virulence and trans mission is complex, and has important consequences for the long term evolution of a pathogen . ...

Vessel cell

...ls reinforced with lignin, whose function is mass trans port of water for trans piration. Full article >>> The big advantage of focusing therapy on the angiogenesis ...

Vesicle

...y at least one lipid bilayer. Vesicle s store, trans port, or digest cellular products and wastes. Ful... spaces in most plant and animal cells that trans port macromolecules into and out of the cell and carry materials between organelles in the ce...

Vertebrates

...way. However, in vertebrates the G protein is trans ducin, while the G protein in in vertebrates is Gq (dgq in Drosophila ). Full article >>> In vertebrates , this innermost layer of cells goes on to form the linings of the gut ( esophagus , stomach , intestine s, rectum , ...

Ventricle

...right ventricle of the heart to the lungs , trans porting de oxygenated blood and returning oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart . Full article >>>...

Vector

...e >>> Vector s are DNA used to trans fer genes into a host cell . A vector must be... DNA fragments so that they can be amplified or trans ferred to other cells . Common cloning vector s are derivatives of natural plasmid s, phage s,...

Vectors

Vectors are DNA used to trans fer genes into a host cell . A vector must be...reverse transcriptase so that their RNA can be trans cribed into DNA in the host cell ; modified retrovirus es are used as vectors to introduce g...

Vascular system

vascular system Specialized tissue s for trans porting þuids and nutrients in plant s; als...vascular system . Full article >>> trans piration Passage of water from the roots of a plant to the atmosphere via the vascular system ...

Vascular plants

... : plant s that contain specialized tissue s to trans port fluids. vascular plants with protected seed...of the petiole . Full article >>> trans fer of soluble materials through the sieve tubes of the phloem of vascular plants ; the exchang...

Vascular bundles

... : plant s that contain specialized tissue s to trans port fluids. vascular plants with protected seeds: angiosperm s; the most developed and complex vascular plants . Full article >>> Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles . Dicot stems have their vascular bundles in a ...

Vas deferens

vas deferens vessel to trans mit male sex cells , tube for carrying sperm s to the exterior; plural, vasa deferentia Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ... Full article >>> Vas deferens [L. vas - a canal...

Vascular bundle

... : plant s that contain specialized tissue s to trans port fluids. vascular plants with protected seed...s, and out into the leaves, and whose function is trans port of water, ions and dissolved organ ic solutes within the plant . Full article >>>...

Variation

...NUCLEOTIDE KINASE - Enzyme which catalyzes the trans fer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to 5' hydroxyl termini of polynucleotides, either DNA or RNA . Usually derived from T4 bacteriophage . Full article >>> Random variation in gene frequency from one generation to another. G...

Vagina

... : plant s that contain specialized tissue s to trans port fluids. Full article >>> vagina A thin-walled chamber that forms the birth canal and is the repository for sperm during copulation. vas deferens The tube in the male reproductive system in which sperm travel from the epi...

Urinary bladder

...calyces empty into the renal pelvis. The pelvis trans mits urine to the urinary bladder via the ... Full article >>> excretion - the urine (in mammals ) is stored in the urinary bladder and exits via the urethra ; in other vertebrates the urine mixes with other wastes in t...

Urethra

...le >>> urethra A narrow tube that trans ports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In males, it also conducts sperm and semen to the outside. PICTURE ... Full article >>> urethra The tube from the urinary bladder to the exterior in both sexes. uric a...

Ureter

...e >>> ureter A muscular tube that trans ports urine by peristaltic contractions from the kidney to the bladder. PICTURE ... Full article >>> ureter The tube which conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder. urethra The tube from the urinary bladder to the ext...

Uracil

... and nucleotide s. ureter A muscular tube that trans ports urine by peristaltic contractions from the...convert an A to inosine (I), which the ribosome trans lates as a G. Thus a CAG codon (for Gln) can be converted to a CGG codon (for Arg). Full articl...

Upper epidermis

...g few or no chloroplasts . The cells are quite trans parent and permit most of the light that strikes t...icle >>> The epidermis is usually trans parent (epidermal cells lack chloroplasts ) and coated on the outer side with a waxy cuticle th...

Untranslated region

...ranslated region : A region of the DNA which is trans cribed into m RNA and becomes the 3' end or the message , but which does not contain protein coding sequence . Full article >>> Other possibilities: The untranslated region s at either end of many messenger RNA (m RNA ) molecu...

Tympanic membrane

...ane ) causing it to vibrate these vibrations are trans mitted across the middle ear by three tiny, linked bones, the ossicles: ... Full article >>>...

Turnover

...on of gene expression after the gene has been trans cribed into m RNA . For example, by regulation of ...number The number of times an enzyme molecule trans forms a substrate molecule per sec, ... Full article >>>...

Tunica

...tes (e.g, tunica tes and lancelets); it aids in trans porting food to the esophagus . Full article >>> sedentary -- Living in a fixed location, as with most plant s, tunica tes, sponges, etc. Contrast with motile. sediment -- Any solid material that has settled out of a state of suspen...

Tumor

... tissue , caused by the uncontrolled growth of a trans formed cell . tumor suppressor gene ... Fu... plasmid . Tumor virus . A virus capable of trans forming a cell to a malignant phenotype . (See Virus .) ... Full article >>> Tu...

Triplet repeat expansion

...on diseases are caused by expansions of genes in trans cribed, but not trans lated regions of the gene , including introns . Full article >>> It may occur becau...

Transposition

...s genes coding for transposition functions. See trans posable genetic element. Full article >>&...thin the genome of an organ ism. Transposon ( trans posable, or movable genetic element). A relatively small DNA segment that has the ability to mov...

Transposon

...s genes coding for transposition functions. See trans posable genetic element. Full article >>&...2;>> transposon ( trans- poh-son) [L. trans ponere, to change the position of] A trans posable genetic element; a mobile segment of DNA tha...

Transport protein

...ne transport protein that binds to a solute and trans ports it across the membrane by undergoing a series of conformation al changes ... Full article >>> active transport A process that requires an expenditure of ATP energy to move molecule s across a cell membrane ; usually moved ...

Transmembrane proteins

...2; (Redirected from Transmembrane proteins ) A trans membrane protein is an integral membrane protein that spans from the internal to the external surface of the biological membrane or lipid bilayer in which it is embedded. Full article >>> Presenilins are multi-spanning transmemb...

Translocation

translocation trans fer of soluble materials through the sieve tubes ...]) manufactured in the cells of the plant are trans ported in the phloem . Full article >>> Chapter 19 Translocation of the cell -pen...

Transient transfection

...re cells by transfection and expression of trans fected genes are usually measured within 16-96 hou...2;> Transient transfection : When DNA is trans fected into culture d cells , it is able to stay in those cells for about 2-3 days, but then wil...

Translation

...from amino acids . The m RNA base sequence is trans lated into sequence of amino acids in a pepti...mination. Making of a polypeptide sequence by trans lating the genetic code of an m RNA molecule associated with a ribosome . Full article >&...

Transition

...> transition state - structure that forms trans iently in the course of a chemical re action and ...ly expansion into the Balkans The Avignon papacy trans fers the seat of the Popes from Italy to France ... Full article >>> The transition ...

Transgenic plant

... from the bacterium Agrobacterium. The plasmid trans ferred by this bacterium causes plant s to form a...ops could help people in developing nations where trans portation, refrigeration, and disposable needle supplies are limited. Full article >>> ...

Transgenic animals

...tion : the process by which the genetic code is trans ferred to an amino acid sequence in a protein . Full article >>> Transgenic Animals Animal cells generally will not take up plasmid s. Other methods such as microinjection must be used. Full article >>> We ha...

Transgenic animal

...tion : the process by which the genetic code is trans ferred to an amino acid sequence in a protein... A clone d animal is developed through nuclear trans fer, and typically has a common genetic profile with another animals . How long does it take for ...

Transgenic

... Full article >>> transgenic [L. trans , across + formare, to shape] Having artificially ...tion : the process by which the genetic code is trans ferred to an amino acid sequence in a protein . Full article >>> Transgenic P...

Transformed phenotype

...as occured in the germline tissue s and may be trans mitted to subsequent generations. Full article >>> Trans formed cells tend to exhibit character istics known collectively as the " transformed phenotype " (rounded cell bodies, reduced attachment dependence, increased growth rate...

Transferrin receptor

...strong affinity of the transferrin receptor for trans ferrin (its ligand) ensures that the cell will get all the iron it needs even if trans ferrin represents only a small fr action of the protein molecule s present in the ECF. Full art...

Transformation

...m their surroundings. The ability to deliberately trans form the bacterium E. Full article >>>... proportion of cells in a population that are trans formed in a single experiment. Full article >>> transformation In Grif?th's experim...

Transfection

...e molecular basis of membrane dynamics and axonal trans port in these cells . Full article >>>...

Transfer RNA

...is a small RNA chain (74-93 nucleotide s) that trans fers a specific amino acid to a growing polypep...ransfer RNA (t RNA ) Transfer RNA functions to trans port amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis. Transcription ... Full article ...

Transduction

transduction trans fer of genetic material s from one bacteria l c...ction of transmembrane receptor s on change of trans membrane potential ... Full article >>> Chapter 9 Presenilin function: connections to...

Transcription unit

Transcription Unit A region of DNA that trans cribes a single primary transcript . Related ... ...nit A region of DNA (a gene or an operon ) trans cribed as a single RNA . Transcriptome The complete set of RNA transcript s made by a cell ...

Transcriptome

...62; Transcriptome : The complete set of RNA s trans cribed from a genome . Transduction : The incorporation of a cellular gene into a viral genome , that can then be introduced into other cells . Full article >>> The short c DNA sequence fragments discovered by this method are ca...

Transcription start site

...gins. Transcriptome : The complete set of RNA s trans cribed from a genome . Full article >>&#...62; Sequence s on the 5' end of m RNA but not trans lated into protein . It extends from the transcription start site to just before the ATG transla...

Transcription

...ce a complementary RNA . Or, in other words, the trans fer of genetic information from DNA into RNA . ...ge in the short term occurs preferentially on the trans cribed strand . Proteins involved in mismatch repair are involved in this repair. This repair...

Transcriptase

... or transcriptase to form m RNA , which is then trans lated into proteins by the host . Like the abov...l article >>> retrotransposon - A trans posable DNA element ( transposon ) which is replicated through an RNA intermediate via reverse ...

Trans face

...e >>> Once the proteins reach the trans face , they are embedded into coated transport ve...e >>> Once the proteins reach the trans face , they are embedded into coated transport vesicle s and brought to their final destinations. A...