somatic

Viscera

...tion as pain signals trans mitted by the sensory- somatic system are. Full article >>> viscera l mass The region of a mollusc's body that contains viscera l organ s. Viscera l organ s of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. viscosity the resistance of water molecule s to exter...

Virus

...ensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . Full article >>> capsid The protein coat of a virus particle. carbanion A negatively charged carbon atom . carbocation (AKA) carbonium ion A positively charged carbon atom . Full article >>&...

Theory

...of immunoglobulin but trans cribes only one. See somatic mutation theory . Full article >>> The neutral theory of molecular evolution (also, simply the neutral theory of evolution ) is an influential theory that was introduced with provocative effect by Motoo Kimura in the late ...

Telomerase

...duction of gametes . It is not normally found in somatic cells . Cyclin-Dependent Kinase s Some cells stop dividing in G1; others stop in G2. Full article >>> Telomerase and telomere s have been full of surprises for us and there's a great deal we don't understand about exactly how it ...

Syncytium

...aginate, dividing the syncytium into individual somatic cells . Full article >>> It is also unique among model organ isms in that cleavage occurs in a syncytium . Full article >>>...

Stem

...ly active in either replacing dying body cells ( somatic stem cell ) or producing gametes (germinal stem cell ). Full article >>> Stem Cell s Index to this page Types of Stem Cell s Using Stem Cell s for Human Therapy - The Dream ... Full article >>> A lol...

Stem cell

...ly active in either replacing dying body cells ( somatic stem cell ) or producing gametes (germinal stem cell ). Full article >>> Stem cell s are cells that divide by mitosis to form either two stem cell s, thus increasing the size of the stem cell "pool", or one daughter that ...

Spore

... meiosis . (2) In fungi , asexual spore s are somatic cells that are cast off to act either as gametes or as the initial cells for new haploid individuals. Full article >>> Spore s/Pollen spore s for resisting environment al degradation Spore s that germinate into the gametoph...

Spinal nerve

...major subdivisions of the PNS motor pathways: the somatic and the autonomic. Full article >>>...

Spinal cord

...tion from the peripheral nervous system (both somatic and autonomic) to the brain conducts motor information from the brain to our various effectors ... Full article >>> spinal cord : the white cord of tissue passing through the bony tunnel made by the vertebrae. spiracles : a serie...

Sperm cells

...ble helix ... Full article >>> Is somatic gene therapy (which is done in the adult cells of persons known to have the disease) more or less ethical than germline gene therapy (which is done in egg and sperm cells and prevents the trait from being passed on to further generatio...

Somite

...rget genes. Full article >>> Soma ( somatic cells ) Somatic - cell nuclear trans fer (SCNT) Somatostatin Somite One of the blocks of mesoderm that develop in a longitudinal series on either side of the notochord in vertebrate embryo s. Full article >>> The maternal eff...

Somatic hypermutation

...le codon s and low-fidelity polymerase s during somatic hypermutation . Full article >>>...

Somatic cells

...tute's Laboratory of Cancer Genetics , defines somatic cells . related terms: cell ... Full article &#...ir precursors. Full article >>> In somatic cells , removal of the 5' most intron is prevented, so that a truncated protein , missing sequen...

Somatic cell

somatic cell genetics using somatic cell s to study the genetics of an organ ism S...ute's Laboratory of Cancer Genetics , defines somatic cell s . related terms: cell ... Full article >>> Somatic cell nuclear trans fer...

Somatic

somatic cell genetics using somatic cells to study the genetics of an organ ism S...;> Asexual genetics , involving study of somatic mutation , mitotic crossing -overand segregation . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W...

Sexual

...62;>> The sex-associated phenotype of somatic tissue s in sexual ly dimorphic animals . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Sexual reproduction requires two parents and thus promotes genetic variation . Full article >>> ...

Sensory neurons

... stimuli from the external environment . sensory somatic system: a sub division of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the external environment and the sense s. Full article >>> sensory neurons Neuron s that carry signals from receptor s and trans mit infor...

Sense

...em by themselves. Full article >>> somatic sense s All sense s except vision, hearing, tas...d smell; include pain, temperature, and pressure. somatic nervous system The portion of the peripheral nervous system consisting of the motor neuron ...

Segregating

...aginate, dividing the syncytium into individual somatic cells . Full article >>> with the relative lack of attention to careful study design and sample ascertainment (finding the link between pathogenic allele and disease). Many case-control association studies may be futile because the...

Ribosomes

...A . polytene chromosomes Chromosomes in the somatic cells of some insects in which the chromatin replicates repeatedly without undergoing mitosis . Full article >>> Ribosomal RNA (r RNA ): A class of RNA found in the ribosomes of cells . Ribosome : The small cellular stru...

Repression

...ression of one of the two X- chromosomes in the somatic cells of females as a method of dosage compensation; at an early embryo nic stage in the normal female, one of the two X- chromosomes undergoes inactivation, ... Full article >>>...

Reduction

...nt s and animals in which the normal diploid , somatic number of chromosomes is reduced to the monoplo...ntain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cells ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>...

Recessive

...ion occurs in the second copy of the gene in a somatic cell . In that cell both copies of the gene are mutated and the cell develops uncontrolled growth. Full article >>> The O allele is recessive . A and B alleles are codominant , meaning that the phenotype determined by the...

Protein

... in the laboratory to cause cell fusion between somatic cells (any cell that is not a gamete ). It is also used to make fusogenic vesicle s A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Protein biosynthesis is the process in which cells build protein ...

Prometaphase

...phase and metaphase in mitosis in eukaryotic somatic cells . Full article >>> Prometaphase Main article: Prometaphase Some biology texts do not include this phase, considering it a part of prophase . In this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves in some eukaryotes , reforming l...

Posterior

...ac. Early on, the germ line segregates from the somatic cells through the formation of pole cells at the posterior ... Full article >>>...

Polytene

...; polytene chromosomes Chromosomes in the somatic cells of some insects in which the chromatin replicates repeatedly without undergoing mitosis . polyunsaturated fat A fat having several to many double bonds between carbon atoms. Full article >>> A swelling at a site along the l...

Polysome

...A . polytene chromosomes Chromosomes in the somatic cells of some insects in which the chromatin replicates repeatedly without undergoing mitosis . Full article >>> Polysome : Complex of m RNA and several ribosomes . Post- transcription al regulation: Any process occurring after ...

Phosphatase

...s[ general discussion ] [ genome ] [ germline vs somatic cells ] Calciferol Calcineurin (calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase ) Calcitonin Calcitriol Calcium[in nutrition ] [RDA] [homeostatic regulation of] [as ... Full article >>> Alkaline phosphatase Amylase: breaks starch int...

Phage

...ensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . Full article >>> phage bacterio phage . phenotype The observable character istics of an organ ism. Full article >>> Bacterio phage Bacteria l virus . Lambda bacterio phage is...

Peripheral

...rvous system , and is further subdivided into the somatic and autonomic nervous system s. Full article >>> per- by, through, throughout peri- around, round-about peripheral protein s Proteins that are loosely or reversibly bound to a membrane by hydrogen bond s or electrostatic forces...

Oogonia

... I and lay dormant within a protective shell of somatic cells called the follicle. Full article >>> Diploid stem cell s called oogonia divide by mitosis to produce more oogonia and primary oocyte s. By the time the fetus is 20 weeks old, the process reaches its peak and all the...

Oocytes

... I and lay dormant within a protective shell of somatic cells called the follicle. Full article >>> in vitro: Shh can bind to the large extracellular domain s of Ptc1 when express ed in tissue culture cells or Xenopus oocytes (Marigo et al. 1996a; Stone, 1996; Fuse et al. 1999)...

Mutagen

...o cause permanent genetic alterations. See also: somatic cell genetic mutation Mutation Any heritable change in DNA sequence . See also: polymorphism Updated 26-Jul-05 ... Full article >>> Mutagen A chemical or physical agent that increases the frequency of mutation , usually b...

Motor neuron

... reach their targets directly (as do those in the somatic system) but rather connect to a secondary motor neuron which in turn innervates the target organ . Click here for a diagram of the Autonomic Nervous System . Full article >>> motor neuron A neuron that synapse s with a muscl...

Methylation

...d genes that have been permanently inactivated in somatic cells . Link to discussion.) ... Full article >>> DNA methylation regulates Tn10 transposition by at least three mechanisms. Facts ... Full article >>> Hemi methylation Double stranded DNA in which only one s...

Membranes

...s; it forms from the somatopleure ( ectoderm and somatic mesoderm ). In birds and reptiles, the membrane adheres to the shell and is highly vascularized to serve in gas exchange. Full article >>> A model used to conceptualise cell membrane s, in it, the membranes are described as a st...

Meiosis

...ntain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cells ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>> Meiosis is part of the sexual process because gametes ( sperm , eggs) have one half the chromosomes as diploid (2N) individuals. In ...

Mammals

...ensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . base pair a pair of hydrogen-bonded nitrogenous base s (one purine and one pyrimidine ) that join the component strand s of the DNA double helix . Full article >>> Most commonly yields lactate in ...

Introns

...lecule s. SNDA Supplemental New Drug Application. somatic cells Body cells . All the cells except the germ-line cells . Full article >>> In both species , the gene consists of 19 exons and 18 introns spanning greater than 15 kbp of sequence . The coding region s across the entir...

Intron

...lecule s. SNDA Supplemental New Drug Application. somatic cells Body cells . All the cells except the germ-line cells . Full article >>> The situation is more complicated for eukaryotic genes, which often contain one or more noncoding regions ( intron s ). To find ORFs in these genes, t...

Host

...ensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . Full article >>> Epiphyte a plant which uses a rock or host plant merely as a place of residence and obtains its moisture and nutrients directly from the air; an air plant . A type of growthform. Ful...

Homologous chromosomes

...hey have paired homologous chromosomes in their somatic cells , and thus contain two copies of each gene . Full article >>> In the first division ( meiosis I), homologous chromosomes pair and segregate to daughter cell s. In the, second division ( meiosis II), sister chromatids ...

Homologous chromosome

...y have paired homologous chromosome s in their somatic cells , and thus contain two copies of each gene . Full article >>> The other thing that seems to be operating on the Y chromosome -and this is a truly dramatic surprise for us-is the genes on the Y were thought to be rotting because...

Hermaphrodite

... individuals have the same number of cells : 959 somatic cells in the hermaphrodite and 1,031 in the male. Unlike Drosophila and mammals , which have extensive cell movement during development, the cells of C. Full article >>>...

Haploid

... opposed to the diploid , or 2N, number found in somatic cells . In certain groups, mature organ isms may have a haploid number of chromosomes . Full article >>> Haploid : A single set of chromosomes (half the full set of genetic material ), present in the egg and sperm cells o f...

Germline

...ifficulties with cloning organ isms from their somatic (non germline ) cells tend to lead to (what se...ranch, defines germline . related terms: cell , somatic cells , inherited, diabetes mellitus ... Full article >>>...

Germ line

...ac. Early on, the germ line segregates from the somatic cells ... Full article >>>...

Genetics

...;> Asexual genetics , involving study of somatic mutation , mitotic crossing -overand segregation . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Microbial Genetics Last modified June 3, 2006 Please send any comments, suggestions, or questions (includ...

Genetic material

... a complete organ ism. Animal cloning from a somatic nucleus 'proves' this idea. Full article >>> The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane , which separates it from the environment ; the genetic material ( DNA ), which encodes heritable information for the maintai...

Gene therapy

...type of an affected individual, by targeting the somatic cells . Full article >>> Human ge...epair or replacement of a defective gene within somatic tissue . (See Somatic cell .) Somatotrophin. See Human growth hormone . Southern blotting . S...

Gametes

...romosomes . Sexual ly reproducing species have somatic cells , body cells , which are diploid [2n] hav...ll article >>> This means that when somatic cells are produced from two gametes , one allele comes from the mother, one from the father. The...

Gamete

...ll article >>> This means that when somatic cells are produced from two gamete s , one allele comes from the mother, one from the father. These alleles may be the same ( true-breeding organ isms, e.g. ww and rr in Fig. 3), or different ( hybrid s, e.g. wr in Fig. 3). Full article ...

Fusion Protein

... in the laboratory to cause cell fusion between somatic cells (any cell that is not a gamete ). It is also used to make fusogenic vesicle s ... Full article >>> ABL and the fusion protein BCR-ABL are tyrosine kinase s; that is, enzymes that attach phosphate group s to other prot...

FISH

...phase chromosomes and with the less- condensed somatic interphase chromatin . Full article >>> CGH and FISH is a method for analyzing genomic DNA for unbalanced genetic alterations. Full article >>> FISH -- florescent in situ hybridization : a technique for unique...

Fetus

...ck and desiccation. It consists of ectoderm and somatic mesoderm . Full article >>> amniotic fluid Watery-fluid that bathes the fetus keeping it suspended to act as a protective cushion. Covered in Lab 14 Gametogenesis and Development ... Full article >>> In mammals...

Familial

...phase chromosomes and with the less- condensed somatic interphase chromatin . Full article >>> FAP familial adenomatous polyp osis FASEB Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology FCM flow cytometry FEBS Fed. of Eur. Biochem. Soc. FISH fluorescence in situ ...

Embryo

...n (give rise to gametes ). All other cells are somatic cells . globular proteins Soluble proteins with a globular (somewhat rounded) shape. Full article >>> There are differences in the appearance of early vertebrate embryo s. Amphibians rapidly form a ball of cells in early develop...

Division

...nt s and animals in which the normal diploid , somatic number of chromosomes is reduced to the monoploid ( haploid ), single number; same as meiosis ... Full article >>> Cell division is the biological basis of life. For simple unicellular organ isms such as the Amoeba , one ...