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Y chromosome

...ination between X and Y chromosomes occurs in a small subtelomeric region of each the X and Y chromosomes , the pseudoautosomal region. These segment s are homologous. Full article >>> A gene , normally found on the Y chromosome in mammals , that directs the indeterminate gonads t...

Western blotting

...es to most proteins can be created by injecting small amounts of the protein into an animal such as a mouse , rabbit, sheep, or donkey. Full article >>> Such antibodies could be used in the high throughput genome wide study of gene product s by immunofluorescence, immunoprecipi...

Western blot

...es to most proteins can be created by injecting small amounts of the protein into an animal such as a mouse , rabbit, sheep, or donkey. Full article >>> Western blot A technique used to identify and locate proteins based on their ability to bind to specific antibodies . See als...

VNTR

... >>> Essentially, these VNTR 's are small repeats of DNA sequence that exist in multiple copies, and the number of these repeats can vary. Full article >>> [Discussion] [types of chemical bonds between atoms] Valine Variable number of tandem repeats ( VNTR s) Variant s...

Vitamins

...... Full article >>> Vitamins are small organ ic molecule s required in trace amounts. T...ome . vitamin An organ ic substance required in small quantities in the diet of some mammals , essential for life but not synthesizable by the organ ism...

Viscera

...62; So intricate is the human body that only a small number of professional human anatomists, after years of patient observation, are complete m asters of all its details; most of them specialize on certain parts, such as the brain or viscera , ... Full article >>> AutonomicNS the fu...

Vitamin

...organ ic compound that is required in relatively small amounts for growth of an organ ism. Vitamin s ... organ ic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts; vitamin s serve primarily as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes . Full article >...

Virus

...ull article >>> virus es: Extremely small and simple life-forms, made merely of a protein ...s. Full article >>> virus . A very small organ ism that can multiply only within living cells of other organ isms and is capable of produ...

Vesicle

...le In cell biology , a vesicle is a relatively small and enclosed compartment, separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Vesicle s store, trans port, or digest cellular products and wastes. Full article >>> seminal vesicle saclike organ for storing sperm s duri...

Vessels

...shaped, sickled red cells cannot squeeze through small blood vessels . Instead, they stack up and cause blockages that deprive organ s and tissue s of oxygen -carrying blood. Full article >>> Countercurrent exchange mechanism. Mechanism by which two vessels are set side by side, with...

Vertebrates

...scherichia coli ) A common bacterium found in the small intestine of vertebrates ; the most well-studied organ ism. electrochemical gradient The sum of the gradients of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane. Full article >>> Animal - kingdom composed of mul...

Vascular cambium

...62;>> vascular cambium [L. vasculum, a small vessel + cambium, exchange] A continuous cylinder of meristem atic cells surrounding the xylem and pith that produces secondary xylem and phloem . Full article >>> Phloem is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down...

Vascular plants

...y flower ing plant s have additionally a pair of small stipule s near the base of the petiole . Full article >>> trans fer of soluble materials through the sieve tubes of the phloem of vascular plants ; the exchange of parts of chromosomes Source: Noland, George B. 1983. Genera...

Variety

...ll article >>> One of a variety of small particles in the cell nucleus , composed of RNA ...he flu, common cold, herpes, measles, chicken pox, small pox, and encephalitis. Antibiotic s are not effective against virus es. Full article >>&#...

Variation

...2; natural selection : the concept that random, small variation s take place in living things that lead to the gradual development of a species . Full article >>> Any warm-blooded animal (mammal or bird that can maintain its body temperature within a narrow range, usually above that o...

Vagina

...r. Full article >>> Vagina l Rings small plastic ring insert ed into the vagina NuvaRing releases both an estrogen and a progestin and lasts for 3 weeks a progestin-only ring that blocks the menstrual cycle for 3 months ... Full article >>> vagina Tubular organ that...

Vacuoles

...membrane. Young plant cells often contain many small vacuoles , but as the cells mature, these unite to form a large central vacuole . Vacuoles serve several functions, such as ... Full article >>> Vacuoles are membranous sacs similar to, but larger than vesicle s. Vacuoles st...

Urinary bladder

...cid , and urea . Full article >>> small intestine (Schistosoma japonicum), or urinary bladder (Schistosoma haematobium). Their presence induces antibodies that — with the aid of macrophages and eosinophils — ... Full article >>> A duct leading from the k...

Upstream

...iation site . Full article >>> The small subunit of the ribosome binds to a site " upstream " (on the 5' side) of the start of the message . It proceeds downstream (5' -> 3') until it encounters the start codon AUG. Full article >>> But if it receives an upstre...

Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a small protein . It marks a target protein for degrada.... Full article >>> ubiquitin -like small protein modifier Function/Pathway The Nedd8 conjugation process, called neddylation, is similar ...

Tube feet

...rnating fashion, it opens the shell open. Only a small crack is needed to insert its cardiac stomach into the prey. Full article >>> region in echinoderm animals in which are located the ambulacral tube feet for locomotion Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edi...

Transversion

... mapped to one specific site within a locus . A small mutation that consists of the replacement ( transition or transversion ); addition; or deletion ( frameshift ) of one or a few bases . Full article >>> Since transition mutation s ( purine to purine or pyrimidine to py...

Transverse

...as several transverse grooves. Leeches possess a small anterior sucker around the mouth and a larger posterior sucker. Although some are free-living predators, most are fluid feeders. Full article >>> The central element may represent a region where ends of ZIP1 transverse fibers fro...

Transposition

...posable, or movable genetic element). A relatively small DNA segment that has the ability to move from one chromosomal position to another. Full article >>>...

Transposon

...posable, or movable genetic element). A relatively small DNA segment that has the ability to move from ... article >>> Insertion Sequence : A small bacteria l transposon carrying only the genetic functions involved in transposition . There are ...

Translocation

...abnormalities. Full article >>> The small fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster remains achiasmate and is normally segregated. In a (1,4) translocation heterozygote , ... Full article >>> translation al control The regulation of the rate of a protein 's synthe...

Transition

...? Did it happen to one group of individuals or one small tribe, who then became modern human s? Full article >>> An antibody selected for its ability to catalyze a chemical re action by binding to and stabilizing the transition state intermediate. Catalytic RNA ( ribozyme ). A natura...

Transferrin receptor

...n it needs even if trans ferrin represents only a small fr action of the protein molecule s present in the ECF. Full article >>> juxtanuclear Smo showed no colocalization with the TGN marker TGN38 (Figure 3G) and instead colocalized with the transferrin receptor (Figure 2E). Full a...

Transfer RNA

transfer RNA a small RNA species that attached to amino acids and...;>> Transfer RNA (t RNA ) A class of small RNA s used by the cell to carry amino acids to the enzyme complex (the ribosome ) which buil...

Transcriptome

The Transcriptome Only a very small percentage of the DNA in vertebrate genome s encodes proteins (the " proteome ") because the exons of most genes are separated by much-longer introns the genome contains vast amounts of noncoding "junk" DNA ... Full article >>&...

Tracheae

Tracheae open to the outside through small holes called spiracles . In the grasshopper, the ...... Full article >>> tracheae The small tubes that carry air from spiracles through the body cavity of an arthropod; arthropod tracheae ...

Trachea

... any of the air tubes of insects. trachea e The small tubes that carry air from spiracles through the body cavity of an arthropod; arthropod trachea e are modification s of the exoskeleton . Full article >>> trachea (pl. trachea e ) 1. the windpipe; that portion of the respirat...

Thylakoid

...#62; thylakoid (thy-luh-koid) [Gk. thylakos, a small bag] A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast , used to convert light energy to chemical energy. Full article >>> thylakoid s : membranes that make up the grana in chloroplasts ; the actual site of photosynthesis wit...

Thallus

...article >>> pro thallus In ferns, a small heart -shaped bi sexual gametophyte . PICTURE ... Full article >>> When seen under magnification, a section through a typical foliose lichen thallus reveals four layers of interlaced filaments ( fungus ). Full article >&#...

Tendons

...>> Sesamoid Resembling a sesame grain. A small bone formed in tendons . sessile Bottom-dwelling and generally incapable of locomotion. sessile Attached at the base ; fixed to one spot, not able to move about. Full article >>> Hamstrings muscle s that are the back of the thigh ...

Synergid

synergid small cells near the egg at the micropylar end of th...article >>> synergid Either of two small cells present in the embryo sac of seed plant s near the egg cell at the micropylar end. Co...

Substrate

... Full article >>> Usually these are small plant s (less than 5 cm high) attached to moist or wet substrate s by rhizoid s; this is the sporophyte generation. Full article >>> Kinase catalyzes the trans fer of a phosphate group from ATP to DNA , protein or other ...

Subcloning

... commonly used in cloning and/or subcloning of small genes or DNA fragments in E. coli. Full article >>>...

Strand

...wound into a spiral shape. duodenum Part of the small intestine connecting the stomach to the ileum ...strand ed DNA molucule the possession of a very small range of organelles ... Full article >>> fungus (plural: fungi ). A multicellula...

Stomach

...between the esophagus and the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum ). It is on the left sid... The muscular organ between the esophagus and small intestine that stores, mixes, and digests food and controls the passage of food into the small int...

Stomata

...ent al conditions. Full article >>> small opening such as found in leaves; plural, stomata Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby What Topic Is Your BIOLOGY Paper On? Full article >>> A process that reduces the yield of ...

Stoma

stoma small opening such as found in leaves; plural, stoma t...between the esophagus and the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum ). It is on the left side of the abdominal cavity, the fundus of the sto...

Stipule

... side at the base of the petiole , resembling a small leaf . Full article >>>...

Stipe

... those in mushrooms and brown algae . stipule A small appendage found in pairs at the base of leaves. stock The size of a population . Full article >>> stipe The fruiting body of a fungus . stipule one of a pair of leaflets found at the base of a leaf where it joins the ste...

Stamen

...tamen s unite in the form of a hand. Hand vise, a small vise held in the hand in doing small work. Moxon. -- Hand work, or ... Full article >>> : The part of an angiosperm con...

Spliceosome

... of most nuclear genes is composed of 5 kinds of small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) molecule s and a large num... spliceosome , that contains U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear RNA s ( snRNA s) complexed with proteins . Full article >>> Small nuclear ri...

Spleen

...the lymph nodes . T- cells then get to see these small fragments of anything they've eaten. Full article >>> A cell resulting from the fusion of a spleen cell and myeloma cell . These cells can be clone d and maintained indefinitely in cell culture and produce monoclonal ant...

Spiracles

... s. Full article >>> tracheae The small tubes that carry air from spiracles through the ...n insects and some other terrestrial arthropods, a small opening through which air is taken into the tracheae . Insects have several spiracles , arranged a...

Sphincter

... of muscle at the junction of the stomach and small intestine that regulates the movement of food into the small intestine . PICTURE ... Full article >>> It passes through the pyloric sphincter ...

Species

...n rates, rapid development, early reproduction , small body size, and uncertain adult survival . opsonization ... Full article >>> Species A class ification of related organ isms that can freely inter breed . Speciation The processes by which a single species splits into two or ...

SnRNP

...o Protein particles, which are complexes between small nuclear RNA s and proteins , and which are involv...o Protein particles, which are complexes between small nuclear RNA s and 7-10 proteins , and which are involved in RNA splicing and polyadenylation re...

Somatic

...erent sources. Human /rodent hybrid s containing small amount of human genetic material such as a single chromosome are used in human gene mapping . Related Terms: Hybrid ... Full article >>> Somatic Hypermutation (SHM) Class Switch Recombination (CSR) T Cells Alpha/...

SnRNA

... 100-300 bp that associate with proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleo protein particles ( snRNP s), .... Somatic cell . Full article >>> small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Any of several small RNA molecule s in the nucleus . Most known snRNA s ...

Small nuclear RNA

... 100-300 bp that associate with proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleo protein particles ( snRNP s), ...A . S Salmonella. Full article >>> small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Any of several small RNA molecule s in the nucleus . Most known snRNA s ...

Small intestine

The small intestine is where final digestion and absorption occur. The small intestine is a coiled tube over 3 meters long . Coils and folding plus villi give this 3m tube the...

Skin cell

... allows DNA ana lysis on biological samples as small as a few skin cell s. With RFLP , DNA samples would have to be about the size of a quarter. Full article >>> Melanocyte-stimulating hormone gets its name because of its effect on melanocytes: skin cell s that contain the black ...

Site-specific recombination

...nation that occurs only at specific sequence s. small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Any of several small RNA molecule s in the nucleus . Full article >>> Saturated mutation of a define...

Simple Sequence Repeat

... success with simple sequence repeat s, which are small sequence patterns that are repeated at variable lengths. Full article >>> Heterochromatin : Compact, gene -poor regions of a genome , which are enriched in simple sequence repeat s. As it can be impossible to clone , heterochro...

Sigma Factor

...article >>> SIGMA FACTOR - Certain small ancillary proteins in bacteria that increase the binding affinity of RNA polymerase to a promoter . Different sigma factor s recognize different promoter sequence s. Full article >>> Sigma Factor : Subunit of bacteria l R...

Shotgun cloning

...e piece of DNA in the form of randomly generated small fragments. The individual sequence s obtained from the clones will be used to construct contig s. Full article >>> Shotgun cloning : The practice of randomly clipping a larger DNA fragment into various smaller pieces, cloning ...
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