sense

Uracil

...n the DNA template strand ; it resembles the sense strand of DNA except that the base thymine is replaced by uracil . Full article >>> A single- strand ed nucleic acid similar to DNA but having ribose sugar rather than deoxyribose sugar and uracil rather than thymine ...

Turnover

...(e.g., those with premature STOP codon s [see Non sense -Mediated m RNA Decay (NMD)]; turnover of m RNA s thus increasing the flexibility of gene expression in the cell . Exosomes ... Full article >>> Post- transcription al regulation Regulation of gene expression after the gene ...

Translation

... sequence that binds to a naturally occurring ( sense ) m RNA molecule , thus blocking its translation . (See RNA .) Asexual reproduction . Non sexual means of reproduction which can include grafting and budding . Autosome . Full article >>> 5' - end -- the end of a poly nucleot...

Transcriptase

...l RNA . Full article >>> Negative- sense virus es must have their genome copied by a RNA polymerase or transcriptase to form m RNA , which is then trans lated into proteins by the host . Like the above method, RNA replicase is used to produce new virion s. Full article >...

Suppressor

... a variety of other mutation s; typically a non sense suppressor . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Dr. Lawrence Brody, of the National Human Genome Research Institute's Genetic and Molecular Biology Branch, defines tumor suppressor gen...

Survival

...l article >>> In the evolution ary sense , some heritable feature of an individual's phenotype that improves its chances of survival and reproduction in the existing environment . Full article >>> Selection : The use of particular conditions, such as the presence of a...

Strand

...r chromatid . It has therefore been used in that sense in some books, where it has also been used for on...cleic acid that is complement ary to the coding/ sense strand of a gene . It is then also complement ary to the m RNA produced from the same gene . ...

Stop codon

...e and may be harmful. The problem is solved by Non sense -Mediated m RNA Decay (NMD). no STOP codon . Th...mutation A change in a codon to create the non sense codon UGA (the opal codon ). Full article >>> A long DNA sequence that is uni...

Somite

...s such as the muscle s of the body wall. special sense s Vision, hearing, taste, and smell. Full article >>> somite - block of dorsal mesoderm al cells adjacent to the notochord during vertebrate organogenesis . Full article >>> somite One of the blocklike masses...

Somatic cell

...me a gamete ; the cells of the body. somatic sense s All sense s except vision, hearing, taste, and smell; include pain, temperature, and pressure. Full article &...

Somatic

...timuli. Full article >>> somatic sense s All sense s except vision, hearing, taste, and smell; include pain, temperature, and pressure. somatic nerv...

Sequencing

... encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the sense of " sequencing " used in electronic music, see t...ll article >>> Sequencing For the sense of " sequencing " used in electronic music, see the music sequencer article. Full article >&...

Sequencer

...enomics . Full article >>> For the sense of " sequencing " used in electronic music, see the music sequencer article. Full article >>> American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequence r. Robert Hooke (1635-1703), British scholar Joseph Dalton Hooker (1...

Sensory neurons

... impulses from the external environment and the sense s. Full article >>> sensory neurons Neuron s that carry signals from receptor s and trans mit information about the environment to processing centers in the brain and spinal cord . Neuron s carrying message s from sensory ...

Sense strand

...r a diagram. Full article >>> Anti sense strand The non coding strand of the DNA doub...lypeptide . Full article >>> Anti- sense strand that does not code for a protein . Related Coding region Sense strand ... Full arti...

Sense

non sense mutation a mutation that changes a codon fro... into one that does not; there are three such non sense codon s Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row...

Selection

...62;>> Selection is not a force in the sense that gravity or the strong nuclear force is. However, for the sake of brevity, biologist s sometimes refer to it that way. This often leads to some confusion when biologist s speak of selection "pressures. Full article >>> select...

Secondary metabolite

...pment or reproduction of an organ ism. In this sense they are "secondary". Full article >>> Third, this definition places a heavy, though not exclusive, emphasis on morphological character s. It also recognizes phenetic character s such as chromosome number, chromosome morphology...

RNA virus

...s es can be further class ified according to the sense or polarity of their RNA into negative- sense and positive- sense RNA virus es. Positive- sense viral RNA is identical to viral m RNA and t...

RNA interference

... the effects of antisense RNA , one should use sense RNA of the same coding region as a control. Surprisingly, preparations of sense RNA often turn out to be as effective an inhibitor as antisense RNA . Full article >>...

Reproduction

...l article >>> In the evolution ary sense , some heritable feature of an individual's phenotype that improves its chances of survival and reproduction in the existing environment . Full article >>> [L. fero - to bear]. The formation of a single-celled zygote through t...

Recessive

... sequence that binds to a naturally occurring ( sense ) m RNA molecule , thus blocking its translation . (See RNA .) Asexual reproduction . Full article >>> Carrier -- an individual heterozygous for a single recessive gene . c DNA -- complementary DNA produced from a RNA ...

Receptor

...Receptor s are parts of the nervous system that sense changes in the internal or external environment s. Full article >>> receptor -mediated endocytosis The type of endocytosis that involves a specific receptor on the plasma membrane that recognizes an extracellular molecule ...

RAPD

... genetic marker s. RAPD s are dominant in the sense that the presence of a RAPD band does not allow distinction between hetero- and homozygous states. Full article >>> RAPD See randomly amplified polymorphic DNA . Related Terms: Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD ) .....

Pseudogene

... gene . Pseudogene s are often recognized by non sense or frameshift mutation s that disrupt an open reading frame that encodes a functional protein in a related genome . Full article >>> PSEUDOGENE - Inactive but stable components of the genome which derived by duplication an...

Proprioception

...prius, meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to...(from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own") is the sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body. Full artic...

Probe

... up different kinds of sugars. This, in a general sense , is glyco biology and it is very valuable. Full article >>> The European Space Agency and People's Republic of China both have plans to launch probe s to explore the Moon in the near future, too. European spacecraft Smart 1 was laun...

Polysome

Polysome s Quality Control Non sense -Mediated m RNA Decay Nonstop m RNA Decay ... Full article >>> Polysome An m RNA molecule that is in the process of being trans lated by multiple ribosomes simultaneously. Full article >>> polysome Two or mo...

Phosphate ion

...eventive for dental caries (cavities). This makes sense because fluoride ions are incorporated along with calcium and phosphate ion s in the crystalline structure of which ... Full article >>>...

Phenotypic variance

...e >>> heritability (in the narrow sense )A measure of the extent to which genes inherited from parents determine phenotype s; defined as the ratio of the additive genetic variance to total phenotypic variance ; also called realized heritability . Full article >>>...

Oligonucleotide

...zone Okazaki fragment OKT3[More] Olfaction , the sense of smell Oligonucleotide A short polymer of, for example, 20 or so deoxyribonucleotide s or ribonucleotides ; thus a fragment of DNA or RNA . Full article >>> Khorana was also the first to synthesize oligonucleotide s , that is...

Oncogene

... sequence that binds to a naturally occurring ( sense ) m RNA molecule , thus blocking its translation . (See RNA .) Asexual reproduction . Full article >>> -oma tumor oncogene A gene of cellular or viral origin that causes cells to exhibit rapid, uncontrolled proliferation...

Olfactory nerve

...ceiving and trans mitting signals concerning the sense of smell. omentum (pl. omenta) A membrane that joins one internal organ to another. Full article >>> Some of the cranial nerves are "mixed", containing both sensory and motor axons Some, e.g., the optic and olfactory nerve s (nu...

Olfactory bulb

... the olfactory nerve . It is associated with the sense of smell. Full article >>> 1: olfactory bulb 2:cerebral cortex 3: cerebellum 4: medulla oblongata In insects, the brain can be divided into four parts, the optical lobes, the proto cerebrum , the deuto cerebrum , and the trito ce...

Olfaction

Olfaction , the sense of odor (smell), is the detection of chemicals di...different organ isms: most mammals have a good sense of smell, whereas most birds do not. As an exception among birds, olfaction is important in the t...

Ocelli

...e snails, who cannot actually "see" in the common sense . They do have photosensitive cells , but no lens and no other means of projecting an image onto these cells . Full article >>> usually three ocelli located on the head one pair of antennae on the head mouth parts consisting o...

Northern blot

...ndisjunction Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) Non sense -Mediated m RNA Decay (NMD) Noradrenaline ( norepinephrine ) Northern blot NO synthases (NOS) Notochord [in frog embryology ] N-regions of antigen receptor genes ... Full article >>>...

Nonsense Mutation

... into one that does not; there are three such non sense codon s Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human ...e sequence of a nucleic acid that causes a non sense (stop or termination) codon to replace a codon representing an amino acid . Full article >...

Non-coding strand

...strand . See " Sense strand " for a discussion of sense strand vs. anti-sense strand . Full article >>> The non-coding strand in double- strand ed DNA . The antisense strand serves as the template for m RNA synthesis. explained: Listen to a detailed explanation. Full article >...

Nitrogenous base

...strand . See " Sense strand " for a discussion of sense strand vs. anti-sense strand . Full article >>> RNA with its nitrogenous base s to the left and DNA to the right. RNA is primarily made up of four different bases : adenine , guanine , cytosine , and uracil . Full articl...

Nasal cavity

...cle >>> In vertebrates smells are sense d by the olfactory epithelium located in the nasal cavity and first processed by the olfactory bulb in the olfactory system. Full article >>> The VNO is a patch of receptor tissue in the nasal cavity distinct from the olfacto...

Mutualism

...dia Jump to: navigation, search For the anarchist sense of mutualism , see mutualism (economic theory ). Full article >>> Mutualism Symbiotic relationships in which each species benefits are mutualistic. There are hundreds of examples of mutualism between a heterotroph and an a...

Mucosa

...s linking the inside of the nose involved in the sense of smell) have the ability to develop into many different cell types if they are given the right chemical environment . Full article >>> allergic rhinitis (hay fever) in which airborne allergens react with IgE-sensitized mast cell...

Morphometrics

... cases applied to biological topics in the widest sense . Full article >>> morphometrics clinical image ana lysis and visualization determining the real-time air-flow patterns in breathing lungs of living animals quantifying occlusion size in real-time imagery from the development...

Morphogenesis

...ut domain - mediates choice between chordotonal sense organ and external sensory organ fate - also involved in wing and follicle cell morphogenesis ... Full article >>> : The genetically programmed death of cells at specific times during embryo nic morphogenesis and developm...

Modification

...ls , form sensory receptor s. sensillum, A small sense organ , especially in the arthropods. Full article >>> Artificial modification of a gene in a specific and directed fashion. Typically refers to substituting one DNA sequence for another to inactivate a gene or introduce or c...

Missense Mutation

...that changes a codon , but the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid . mito...llary tangles. Full article >>> Non sense , but not missense mutation s, can alter splicing pathways resulting in failure to include the af...

MicroRNA

...nd ed. Its sequence of nucleotide s is called " sense " because it results in a gene product ( protein ). Full article >>> For example, microRNA s have canonical long stem -loop structures interrupted by small internal loops. Full article >>> RNA (or ds RNA ) is RN...

Localize

...lops; such structures include eye lens , special sense organ s, and certain neuron s. Full article >>> Deletion mapping -- the use of overlapping deletion s to localize the position of an unknown gene on a chromosome or linkage map . Full article >>> Contrast ...

Limb

...ople who have a limb amputated may still have a sense of that limb ; this is termed a phantom limb . This phenomenon is not limited to one sensation, however. Full article >>> In the limb , in contrast, the effects of Shh may be mediated exclusively by Gli3. Full article >>&#...

Interference

... the effects of antisense RNA , one should use sense RNA of the same coding region as a control. Surprisingly, preparations of sense RNA often turn out to be as effective an inhibitor as antisense RNA . Full article >>...

Inflorescence

...f flower s is termed an inflorescence . In this sense , care must be exercised in considering what a '' flower '' is. Full article >>> Others produce a stalk bearing numerous flower s, termed an inflorescence . Many flower s show adaptation s for insect pollination , bearing numero...

Hybridization

... that is similar to that m RNA , but it's an anti- sense probe . Full article >>> in situ hybridization - detection of the location of nucleic acid sequence s in a cell or organ ism. inducer gene - gene encoding the repressor protein of the lac operon ; when lactose bind...

Heritability

...ariance (also called heritability in the broad sense ). Full article >>> Heritability ...e >>> heritability (in the narrow sense )A measure of the extent to which genes inherited from parents determine phenotype s; defined as th...

Helix-turn-helix

...her. See also ... Full article >>> sense of Heart [ anatomy of human heart ] [ control of human heart ] [ fish heart ] [ frog and lizard heart s ] [ squid heart s ] Heat receptor s Heat trans port HeLa cell s Helicase Helicobacter pylori[ genome ] [ adaptation to stoma...

Helicase

... canal HDL (high-density lipo protein ) Hearing, sense of Heart [ anatomy of human heart ] [ control of human heart ] [ fish heart ] [ frog and lizard heart s ] [ squid heart s ] Heat receptor s Heat trans port HeLa cell s Helicase ... Full article >>> The complex of T7...

Hela cell

... canal HDL (high-density lipo protein ) Hearing, sense of Heart [ anatomy of human heart ] [ control of human heart ] [ fish heart ] [ frog and lizard heart s ] [ squid heart s ] Heat receptor s Heat trans port HeLa cell s ... Full article >>> When DDB was purified to nea...

Habituation

...Full article >>> The proprioceptive sense can become confused because human s will adapt to a continuously-present stimulus; this is called habituation or desensitization. Full article >>> At nonassociative synapse s, such as those involved in habituation and sensitizat...

Genetic variance

...e >>> heritability (in the narrow sense )A measure of the extent to which genes inherited from parents determine phenotype s; defined as the ratio of the additive genetic variance to total phenotypic variance ; also called realized heritability . Full article >>> Maybe ...

Frameshift Mutation

...acter ized BRCA1 gene mutation s (including mis sense , non sense , and frameshift mutation s) and ... Full article >>>...