roots

Xylem

...that moves water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the leaves; composed of various cell types i...lant s that carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant . Full article >>> xylem : the structure of vascular pla...

Wild type

... are the same way. Wild type carrots have white roots . Full article >>> Genetic disease : Heritable genetic alterations from wild type which, when express ed, result in decreased viability of the individual receiving the altered gene (s). Genetic engineering technologies: See r...

White blood cells

...hat conducts water and minerals upward from the roots . Full article >>> Large white blood cells that contribute to the immune defenses by ingesting microbe s, other cells , and foreign particles. The two principal phagocytes are neutrophils and monocytes . Full article >...

Weed

...mock of grasses or sedges bound together by their roots Weed : a species that volunteers in artificially modified habitat s and is considered undesirable by people. Full article >>> For the first time scientists have sequence d the complete genetic material of a plant , that of the...

Ventral

...62;>> ventral root any of the nerve roots issuing from the ventral side of the vertebrate brain or spinal cord , containing the motor nerves . Full article >>> AKA: ventral horn Gray matter in the spinal cord that contains motor nerve cell bodies. A B C D E F G H I ...

Ventral root

ventral root any of the nerve roots issuing from the ventral side of the vertebrate brain or spinal cord , containing the motor nerves . Full article >>> sensory root of a spinal nerve that carries impulses to the spinal cord ; ventral root carries impulses fro...

Vector

...not involved in the production of seed , such as roots , stems, and leaves. Full article >>> Vector . An autonomously replicating DNA molecule into which foreign DNA fragments are insert ed and then propagated in a host cell . Also living carrier s of genetic material (such a...

Vascular system

...> trans piration Passage of water from the roots of a plant to the atmosphere via the vascular system and the stomata of the leaves. trans porters Proteins that span a membrane and trans port specific molecule s across the membrane. Full article >>>...

Vascular cambium

...scular tissue making up the central cylinder of roots . vascular plant A general name for any plant that has xylem and phloem . Full article >>> vascular cambium [L. vasculum, a small vessel + cambium, exchange] A continuous cylinder of meristem atic cells surrounding the xyl...

Vascular plants

.... The central cylinder inside the cortex of the roots and stems of vascular plants ; contains the vascular or conducting tissue . sticktight. Nut that remains on the tree after harvest (also called mummy); nut with husk firmly adhering to shell . Full article >>>...

Vascular bundles

...tral cylinder of united vascular bundles in the roots and stems of dicot yledonous seed plant s Sourc...ore of the central vascular cylinder of monocot roots , consisting of parenchyma cells , which are ringed by vascular tissue ; ground tissue interior ...

Vascular bundle

...ure of vascular plants that runs up through the roots , into the stems, and out into the leaves, and whose function is trans port of water, ions and dissolved organ ic solutes within the plant . Full article >>> Stem vascular arrangement -- Vascular tissue occurs in long strand ...

Variety

...y of poisonous plant extracts from the bark , roots , stems, and tendrils of several woody lianas, including Chondodendron tomentosum. Full article >>> Diversity: the variety of living organ isms A of , based on data, showing the separation of the three domain s , , and as described...

Unicellular

...r photosynthetic eukaryotes that generally lack roots , stems, leaves, conducting vessels , and complex sex organ s. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> unicellular microbe s like E. coli unicellular eukaryotes like yeast and in mammalian c...

Tracheids

... the xylem and carry water and solutes from the roots to the rest of the plant . One type of xylem cells . Full article >>> tracheids : the main conducting vessels of the xylem in most vascular plants . tracheophytes : vascular plants composed of a xylem and phloem . Ful...

Tissue

...ssue between the phloem and the epidermis in roots and stems. cotyledon. A leaf formed within the ...e tissue may be found in the stem , leaves, or roots depending on the species . Full article >>> Any organ ism in which the tissue is...

Thallus

...twig] A simple plant or algal body without true roots , leaves, or stems. Full article >>> thallus The complete body of a seaweed. thecodonts A large assemblage of Triassic archosaurian diapsids of the order Thecodontia and character ized by having teeth set in sockets. Full article...

Tetrapod

...t s, not fins. thalloid -- Plant s which have no roots , stems, or leaves are called thalloid, such as liverworts and hornworts. Full article >>> tetrapod A vertebrate possessing two pairs of limbs, such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals . thalamus ... Full article >&...

Sutures

...the cranium . Gomphoses, the joints between the roots of the teeth and their sockets (or alveoli ) in maxilla and mandible. See also: condyloprotector , arthritis. Categories: Skeletal system ... Full article >>> Apert syndrome -- a condition caused by the premature closure of the su...

Suberin

...ly cork (in stems) and endodermis cells (in roots ). Full article >>> suberin . A waxy substance, resistant to microbial attack, formed in the corky cells of periderm layers. suberization. The formation of periderm layers on the cut surfaces or wounds of potato tubers. Full ar...

Stomata

...> trans piration Passage of water from the roots of a plant to the atmosphere via the vascular system and the stomata of the leaves. trans porters Proteins that span a membrane and trans port specific molecule s across the membrane. Full article >>>...

Stoma

...> trans piration Passage of water from the roots of a plant to the atmosphere via the vascular system and the stoma ta of the leaves. trans porters Proteins that span a membrane and trans port specific molecule s across the membrane. Full article >>>...

Stem

...he stem of an individual flower or fruit. peg roots . Primary root s. pellicle. The covering (skin) that encloses the kernel; it is white during development but becomes brown at maturity. Full article >>> a germ cell in the stem line of male germ cells that divide mitotically bef...

Stele

...tral cylinder of united vascular bundles in the roots and stems of dicot yledonous seed plant s Sourc...;> stele The central vascular cylinder in roots where xylem and phloem are located. stem ... Full article >>> stele . The cen...

Species

...bacteria species that normally colon ize corn roots have been given a gene that enables it to produce an insect-killing toxin (pesticide). Full article >>> : A certain species of animals occurring in a particular region or period. Fertilization : Fusion of female and male hapl...

Secondary growth

... which does not occur at the tips of the stems or roots . Secondary growth produces wood and bark in ...ry growth The increase in girth of the stems and roots of many plant s, especially woody, perennial dicot s. secondary immune response ... Full artic...

Secondary root

secondary root s. The network of fine roots that develops from the primary root s of a straw...picks up water and nutrients from the soil; white roots . Full article >>> secondary root ( Lateral root.) A root that arises from anothe...

Secondary phloem

... secondary phloem and xylem tissue s arise in roots and stems; located between wood and bark Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ... Full article >>> Phloem is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down by the apical m...

Roots

The older parts of roots are sheathed in layers of dead cork cell s impre...ition of slavery. Full article >>> roots : the structures of vascular plants that anchor them to the ground and take in water and minerals...

Root cap

...ers and protects the apical meristem in plant roots . Cells forming a protective series of layers ov...imble-shaped group of cells found at the tip of roots ; it functions to protect the meristem . root hair A root epidermal cell that functions in water ...

Rod cells

...ells of the eye that permit vision in dim light. roots : the structures of vascular plants that anchor them to the ground and take in water and minerals from the soil. Full article >>> Rod cells contain the protein rhodopsin and cone cells contain different proteins for each ...

Rhodopsin

...62;>> rhodopsin [Gk. rhizoma, mass of roots ] A visual pigment consisting of retina l and opsin. When rhodopsin absorbs light, the retina l changes shape and dissociates from the opsin, after which it is converted back to its origin al form. Full article >>> rhodopsin A...

Rhizosphere

...zosphere . The soils region on and around plant roots . Ribozyme . See Catalytic RNA . Ribosomal RNA (r RNA ). The RNA component of the ribosome . (See RNA .) Ribosome . Cellular organelle that is the site of protein synthesis during translation . Full article >>>...

Rhizoid

...ertain lower plant s that function somewhat like roots Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ... Full article >>> rhizoid s, which absorb water and minerals from the soil; archegonia, which produce a single egg (by mitosis ); ...

Rhizobia

... atmospheric nitrogen until they have invaded the roots of the appropriate legume. The Infection Thread ....rhizobia ) which live in root nodule s on legume roots , single-celled algae inside reef-building corals, and bacteria l endosymbiont s inside several ...

Rhizome

...>>> rhizome [Gk. rhizoma, mass of roots ] In vascular plants , a horizontal stem growin...l, underground shoot , especially one that forms roots at the nodes to produce new plant s. rogue. To remove diseased plant s from a field. Full arti...

RFLP

...zosphere . The soils region on and around plant roots . Full article >>> RFLP : Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; the acronym is pronounced "riflip". Although two individuals of the same species have almost identical genome s, they will always differ at a few nucleotide s...

Respiration

...l, underground shoot , especially one that forms roots at the nodes to produce new plant s. Full article >>> respiration A process by which gaseous exchange - oxygen and carbon dioxide-takes place between an organ ism and the surrounding medium. Covered in Lab 5 Fermentation and ...

Pyrimidine

...ecule s. Nodule . The enlargement or swelling on roots of nitrogen- fixing plant s. The nodule s contain symbiotic nitrogen- fixing bacteria . Full article >>> base pair a pair of hydrogen-bonded nitrogenous base s (one purine and one pyrimidine ) that join the component strand ...

Purine

...ecule s. Nodule . The enlargement or swelling on roots of nitrogen- fixing plant s. The nodule s contain symbiotic nitrogen- fixing bacteria . Full article >>> base pair a pair of hydrogen-bonded nitrogenous base s (one purine and one pyrimidine ) that join the component strand ...

Primary root

...h a new plant can grow, including seeds, bulbs, roots tocks, etc. Full article >>> prima...ng its growth it rebranches to form the lateral roots . Generally, two categories are recognized: ... Full article >>> radicle The primary...

Primary growth

...n ating in the apical meristem s of shoot s and roots resulting in an increase in length of the axis. p... that takes place relatively close to the tips of roots and stems. It is intiated by the apical meristem s, and primarily involves extending the length of...

Point Mutation

... . Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plant s. N National Institutions of Health (NIH). Full article >>> In the case of SCAP, this trafficking is regulated by SSD-dependent sensing of cholesterol levels in the membrane, point mutation s in the SSD caus...

Pith

...ore of the central vascular cylinder of monocot roots , consisting of parenchyma cells , which are ringed by vascular tissue ; ground tissue interior to vascular bundles in dicot stems. pituitary gland ... Full article >>> pith : the structure at the center of the stem of va...

Pericycle

...ericycle circle of plant tissue of stems and roots between the cortex and stele Source: Noland, ...; meristem atic region that gives rise to branch roots . Full article >>> The outer part, known as the pericycle , surrounds the actual vas...

Pathogen

...he stem of an individual flower or fruit. peg roots . Primary root s. Full article >>> Pathogen . Organ ism which can cause disease in another organ ism. pBR322. A derivation of ColE1, one of the first plasmid vectors widely used. (See Plasmid .) PCR . See Polymerase chain r...

Nodule

The enlargement or swelling on roots of nitrogen-fixing plant s. The nodule s contai...>> nodule A tumor like growth on the roots of certain higher plant s that encloses a population of nitrogen-fixing bacteria . nomenclature...

Nerve impulse

...ical event that occurs within the neuron . nerve roots : the 31 pairs of projections that extend out along each side of the spinal cord ; the sites of axons of the sensory and motor neuron s. Full article >>> AKA: nerve impulse The signal that travels along the length of a nerve fiber ...

Nerve roots

nerve roots : the 31 pairs of projections that extend out alon...>>> ventral root any of the nerve roots issuing from the ventral side of the vertebrate brain or spinal cord , containing the motor ner...

Mycorrhizae

... Symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots or rhizoid s of a plant . More info? node -- Th...rrhizae . Beneficial associations between plant roots and fungi . N Index ... Full article >>> ecto mycorrhizae Association of a fungus...

Mycelium

... or zygomycete) weaves around or into a plant 's roots and forms a symbiotic relationship. Full article >>> mycelium (plural: mycelia). The vegetative body of a fungus , consisting of a mass of slender filaments called hyphae. Full article >>> mycelium A network of fun...

Mutualism

... . Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plant s. N National Institutions of Health (NIH). Full article >>>...

Mutation

... . Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plant s. Full article >>> mutation pressure The constant resupplying of mutation s to a gene pool due to a base mutation rate. Full article >>> mutation s may act as dominant -negative (see...

Muscle

... Symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots or rhizoid s of a plant . More info? Full article >>> muscle fiber Muscle cell ; a long , cylindrical, multinucleated cell containing numerous myofibrils , which is capable of contr action when stimulated. m RNA ... Full...

Molar teeth

...mplicated pattern of cusps and ridges and several roots . The molars have no preceding milk teeth. Full article >>> And the breadth of the frontal shield here, as we call it, is relatively narrow. The teeth are present in the full number and the differentiation into incisor s, canine, pr...

Minerals

...ant s move minerals (inorganic ions) into their roots by active transport . The gills of marine fish...is a risk. Full article >>> feeder roots . The youngest roots with root hairs, important in absorption of water and minerals . field cap...

Meristem

...the apical meristem s at the growing points of roots and stems. the secondary meristem s ( lateral ...ryo nic tissue located at the tips of stems and roots and occasionally along their entire length; can divide to produce new cells ; one of the four main...

Meristematic tissue

...n the apical meristem s at the growing points of roots and stems. the secondary meristem s ( lateral ...ryo nic tissue located at the tips of stems and roots and occasionally along their entire length; can divide to produce new cells ; one of the four main...

Maxilla

...the cranium . Gomphoses, the joints between the roots of the teeth and their sockets (or alveoli ) in maxilla and mandible. See also: condyloprotector , arthritis. Categories: Skeletal system ... Full article >>> mouth parts consisting of a labrum , a pair of mandibles , a pair of ...

Lymphatic vessels

... trachea through structures that are called the " roots of the lungs ." The roots of the lungs are the bronchi , pulmonary vessels , bronchi al vessels , lymphatic vessels , ...