recombination

Zygotene

... s of non sister chromatids begin the process of recombination . How they are able to do so across the synaptonemal complex , which is over 100 nm thick, is unknown. 3. Pachytene ... Full article >>> The zygotene stage sees the completion of synapsis . The combined homologous chromosomes a...

Y chromosome

...le >>> During male gametogenesis , recombination between X and Y chromosomes occurs in a small subtelomeric region of each the X and Y chromosomes , the pseudoautosomal region. These segment s are homologous. Full article >>> A gene , normally found on the Y chromosome in ma...

Urine

...t include changes occurring during normal genetic recombination . Full article >>> P urine analogs These are relatives of the p urine s used in DNA synthesis. Because they interfere with DNA synthesis, they interfere with the rapid cell proliferation needed for immune response s. Full ...

Turnover

...>>> Through processes of paralogous recombination , these same regions are targets for rapid evolution ary turnover among the genome s of closely related primates. Full article >>> metabolism : the rapid turnover of chemical materials; involves the release or use of chemical en...

Transverse

... ta. Nodule s may be the morphological sites of recombination (cross-over) events. Full article >>> Iso chromosome -- a metacentric chromosome produced during mitosis or meiosis when the centromere splits transverse ly instead of longitudinally; the arms of such chromosome are equa...

Transposition

... Full article >>> Transposition al recombination Another form of site-specific recombination , transposition al recombination does not require an identical strand of DNA in the mobile el...

Transformation

...cle >>> Transformation -associated recombination in yeast can be used to generate large fragment (...ticle >>> In bacteria , homologous recombination occurs during conjugative trans fer of genes, during phage infection, and in transformation of...

Transduction

... >>> Co transduction Homologous recombination of two closely linked genes or two mutation s within the same gene and brought into a cell on the same fragment of trans ducing DNA . Full article >>> Signal transduction . The biochemical events that conduct the signal of...

Trait

...llelic form is selected or screened for following recombination . Full article >>> The structure of DNA that determines the expression of a trait . See Phenotype . Genus . A category including closely related species . Interbreeding between organ isms within the same category can occur. GE...

T cell

...e exactly replaced the normal one (by homologous recombination ), and insert ing that cell ... Full article &...species . Full article >>> Genetic recombination is produced both by the fusion of cells of opposite sexes, and by the trans fer of genetic mate...

Synapton

... s of non sister chromatids begin the process of recombination . How they are able to do so across the synapton emal complex , which is over 100 nm thick, is unknown. 3. Pachytene ... Full article >>> Leptotene : chromosomes condense, the axial element of the synapton emal complex (a pr...

Synaptonemal complex

... s of non sister chromatids begin the process of recombination . How they are able to do so across the synaptonemal complex , which is over 100 nm thick, is unknown. 3. Pachytene ... Full article >>> Related Terms: Synaptonemal complex This expression was introduced by Moses (1958) for the ...

Synapsis

... s of non sister chromatids begin the process of recombination . How they are able to do so across the synaptonemal complex , which is over 100 nm thick, is unknown. 3. Pachytene ... Full article >>> Synapsis The pairing of homologous chromosomes or of homologous chromosomal regions. Synt...

Suppression

...;>> What drove this suppression of XY recombination ? We don't absolutely know for sure, but we suspect that [there was] a series of inversion s of big chunks of DNA on the Y chromosome . Full article >>> A pest management strategy that focuses on long -term prevention or suppress...

Substitution

...us) or nearly so. Occurs naturally during meiotic recombination ; also used in the laboratory for gene targeting to modify the sequence of a gene . See recombination . Full article >>> Substitution mutation s from one pyrimidine to another or one...

Stem

...e exactly replaced the normal one (by homologous recombination ), ... Full article >>> This suffix indicates the complete collection of the subunits described in the word stem . Full article >>> pith : the structure at the center of the stem of vascular plants . pituitary glan...

Stem cell

...e exactly replaced the normal one (by homologous recombination ), ... Full article >>> After the cells were replaced, many of the cells contained the gene . White blood cells , however, are short-lived and a long -term solution is to apply this technique to the cells that produce the whi...

Site

.... Full article >>> Site -specific recombination Genetic exchange that occurs between particular, short DNA sequence s. Site -specific recombination systems do not require RecA. Full article >>> Site devoted to the Cnidaria with il...

Site-specific recombination

Site-specific recombination , as exemplified by invertible elements , resolva...ntegration events are examples of non- homologous recombination . Full article >>> Site-specific recombination Genetic exchange that occurs betwee...

Sister Chromatids

...n strand s of two non- sister chromatids during recombination . The junction where two homologous chromosomes appear to exchange genetic material during recombination . (Chi is the greek letter c which resembles a genetic cross-over.) ... Full article >>>...

Sister chromatid

... strand s of two non- sister chromatid s during recombination . The junction where two homologous chromosomes appear to exchange genetic material during recombination . (Chi is the greek letter c which resembles a genetic cross-over.) ... Full article >>>...

Shuttle vector

...ACs into circular PACs through in vivo homologous recombination procedures in yeast, for subsequent trans fer to E.coli. Full article >>>...

Sexual reproduction

... is intended to simulate the analogous process of recombination that occurs to chromosomes during sexual reproduction . Full article >>> Conjugation a type of sexual reproduction in which the contents of the male gamete cell go over into and unite with the female cell (con = with tog...

Sequence homology

...ll article >>> Unlike RecA mediated recombination , site-specific recombination requires little sequence homology between the two DNA molecule s. The best understood example ...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

...#62;>> The double- strand gap model of recombination was proposed to account for genetic observations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that could not easily be explained by the Aviemore model. Full article >>> the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential gl...

Retrotransposon

...ese targets appear to be hot spots for homologous recombination . Full article >>> Amplified fragment length polymorphism Genetics Retrotransposon Categories: Molecular biology ... Full article >>>...

Retrotransposons

...ese targets appear to be hot spots for homologous recombination . Full article >>> Within their character istic long terminal repeats (LTRs), some retrotransposons encode retroviral-like proteins (e.g., gag, pol) for reverse transcriptase and integrase. Full article >>> in...

Reduction

...ree of identity of homologous regions influence recombination . The reduction in rate by unrelated DNA implies that though recA participates in pairing, ... Full article >>> TATA box : A sequence found in the promoter (part of the 5' flanking region ) of many genes. Deletion of this ...

Recombination nodules

Kinetochore microtubules shorten, severing the recombination nodules and pulling homologous chromosomes apar...r the idea that they represent points where DNA recombination is occurring. Full article >>> Diplotene : synaptonemal complex dissasembles (hom...

Recombination frequency

...strain B). Full article >>> where recombination frequency is recombination frequency = (No. of recombinant s)/(total no. of progeny ) x 100 This cell biology article is a...

Recombinase

...merase; enzyme catalyses the processes of DNA recombination , used in recombinant DNA technology. The process of site -specific DNA recombination is involved in viral integration , excision and chromosomal segregation . Full article >>...

Recombination

...r of a DNA lesion through a process, similar to recombination , that uses recombination enzymes . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> ...

Recombinant DNA

... Recombinase An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination . Full article >>> recombinant DNA... in vitro with segment s from different sources. recombination ... Full article >>> recombinant DNA The incorporation of DNA from one organ is...

Reciprocal cross

... Holliday intermediate An intermediate in genetic recombination in which two double- strand ed DNA molecule s are joined by virtue of a reciprocal cross over involving one strand of each molecule . Full article >>> Trait s remained unchanged when passed to offspring : they did not blend i...

Recombinant

...62;>> The proportion (or percentage) of recombination " recombinant cells or individuals. A B C D E F... Recombinase An enzyme that catalyzes genetic recombination . Full article >>> recombinant An offspring whose phenotype differs from that o...

RecA protein

...the recA gene which is essential for homologous recombination . The RecA protein is also involved in the induction of the SOS response and the induction of lambda prophage in response to DNA damaging agents. Full article >>> The recA protein binds single- strand ed DNA , incorporating ...

Pseudoautosomal regions

...doautosomal Regions During male gametogenesis , recombination between X and Y chromosomes occurs in a small subtelomeric region of each the X and Y chromosomes , the pseudoautosomal region. These segment s are homologous. Full article >>> The pseudoautosomal regions get their name because ...

Proximal

...iae centromere proximal sequence stimulates recombination in its vicinity. When the sequence is in circular plasmid s, linear versions of the plasmid are often found. An S. Full article >>> loop of Henle : the segment of the human kidney after the proximal tubule. lungs : the...

Protein

...the recA gene which is essential for homologous recombination . The RecA protein is also involved in the induction of the SOS response and the induction of lambda prophage in response to DNA damaging agents. Full article >>> GLYCO PROTEIN - A glycosylated protein . GLYCOSYLATION -...

Progeny

...t s divided by the total number of progeny . The recombination frequency is proportional to the physical distance between two genetic marker s, ... Full article >>> an inheritance pattern in which all the progeny have the genotype and phenotype of the maternal parent Source: Jenkins, Joh...

Probability

... unit of measure of the statistical probability recombination frequency between alleles . Full article >&...2; If reciprocal heteroduplex es formed during recombination , and if the probability of repair of mismatches is the same for both, then tritypes and tetratype...

Pollination

...article >>> What is different about recombination , cross- pollination and selective breed ing? Full article >>> pollen tube A slender structure produced from a pollen grain after pollination . Covered in Lab 8 Seed Plant Reproduction polyp The asexual reproducing, n...

Polarity

...ns are consistent with preferential initiation of recombination events at a hotspot, coupled with different extents of heteroduplex formation. Full article >>> Search for polarity in these other data bases too Definition of polarity : ... Full article >>> Polarity Nonpolar ...

Pharynx

... of Sussex, U.K.), both inter- and intra species recombination can occur in bacteria , particularly when the bacteria coexist in an environment such as the naso pharynx . Full article >>> [Gr. thyreoeides - sheild form]. An endocrine gland in the throat region which is responsible for contro...

Permutation

...for antigenic variation , including inversion , recombination between multiple casettes, and hy permutation . Antigenic variation occurs in eukaryotic microbe s (e.g. Trypanosomes), bacteria (e.g. Full article >>>...

Pachytene

...r the idea that they represent points where DNA recombination is occurring. Full article >>> The...ations that XPF has an additional role in genetic recombination during meiosis . Full article >>> Pachytene : starts right after the synaptonemal...

Organ

... unit of measure of the statistical probability recombination frequency between alleles . Full article >>> Pest: An organ ism that interferes with human activities, property, or health, or is objectionable. Pest management: see Integrated pest management. Pesticide: A substance that is used ...

Order

... mutation , natural selection , genetic drift , recombination and gene flow . Full article >>> : An Order of marine mammals . The sub order Odontocetti includes dolphins, killer whales and toothed whales. Many of the great whales (such as the blue whale) belong to a different sub order (b...

Operator

...first to explicitly propose crossover and other recombination operator s. Full article >>> An operon consists of an operator , promoter , regulator, and structural gene s. The regulator gene codes for a repressor protein that binds to the operator , obstructing the promoter (thus,...

Oocytes

... ( diplonema ): The stage of meiosis I in which recombination between homologous chromosomes occurs. In females, oocytes are frozen at this stage at birth. Only one proceeds to the completion of meiosis every month during reproductive years. Full article >>> nurse cells . Single cells ...

Nucleus

...mology required for the initiation of homologous recombination . Full article >>> Chromosomes Structures in the cell nucleus , each containing the DNA for many hundred genes, package d with proteins . Full article >>> A variety of RNA s found in the nucleus , including...

Nuclease

...e gametogenesis , consistent with the absence of recombination in male gametogenesis . Full article >>> nuclease s. These hydrolyze ingested nucleic acids ( RNA and DNA ) into their component nucleotide s. The secretion of pancreatic fluid is controlled by two hormones : ... Full article...

Nodule

...Kinetochore microtubules shorten, severing the recombination nodule s and pulling homologous chromosomes apart. Since each chromosome only has one kinetochore , whole chromosomes are pulled toward opposing poles, forming two haploid sets. Full article >>> those capable of combining fr...

Mutagenesis

...ence of nucleotide s in a gene . site-specific recombination A type of genetic recombination that occurs only at specific sequence s. Full article >>> Pauling first described t...

Monocistronic

... another site or another organ ism via genetic recombination . Full article >>> Monocistronic : A form of gene organ ization resulting in transcription of an m RNA that contains coding sequence for a single gene or gene product . m RNA : See messenger RNA . Full article >>&...

Mitochondrial DNA

...e mother's mitochondria [Link] and there is no recombination in mitochondrial DNA , ... Full article >>> Mitochondrial DNA The genetic material found in mitochondria , the organelles that generate energy for the cell . Not inherited in the same fashion as nucleic DNA . See also: cel...

Mispairing

... double helix . Mutation may also occur during recombination during meiosis [4]. Full article >>> A transition can be caused by nitrous acid, base mispairing , or mutagen ic base analogs such as 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Less common is a transversion , which exchanges a purine ...

Migration

... of two homologous DNA strand s during genetic recombination . Full article >>> In 1924, the Im migration Restriction Act was passed, with eugenicists for the first time playing a central role in the Congressional debate, as expert advisers on the threat of "inferior stock" from Eastern and S...

Meiosis

... ( diplonema ): The stage of meiosis I in which recombination between homologous chromosomes occurs. In femal...and some DNA repair mechanisms. Another form of recombination , site-specific recombination , is found where trans fer, rearrangement or insertion of specific...

Map Unit

...een genes, usually derived from the percentage of recombination , but also defined by the time at which the gene ...ance in a linkage map . The distance equal to 1% recombination between two loci . Full article >>> be less common between genes adjacent to each o...