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nuclear at biology dictionary

Variety

... article >>> hnRNA : Heterogeneous nuclear RNA ; refers collectively to the variety of RNA... article >>> hnRNA ( heterogeneous nuclear RNA ): Heterogeneous nuclear RNA ; refers collectively to the variety of RNA s found in the nuc...

Ubiquitin

...teins . It is located on both sides of a cell 's nuclear membrane and consists of a 20S core protease particle and two 19S regulatory particles. Full article >>> A giant protein complex that recognizes and destroys proteins tagged for elimination by the small protein ubiquitin . prot...

Transgenic animal

...c makeup. A clone d animal is developed through nuclear trans fer, and typically has a common genetic profile with another animals . How long does it take for a goat to produce milk? Full article >>> See Transgenic animal , Transgenic plant . Transgenic animal . Genetically enginnere...

Transgenic

...c makeup. A clone d animal is developed through nuclear trans fer, and typically has a common genetic profile with another animals . How long does it take for a goat to produce milk? Full article >>> See Transgenic . Transgenic . An organ ism in which a foreign DNA gene (a trans...

Transcript

...us and into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear membrane . Full article >>> Transcript ion is the process through which a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA polymerase to produce a complementary RNA . Or, in other words, the trans fer of genetic information from...

Trans

...us and into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear membrane . Full article >>> Trans cription factor s are proteins that directly regulate the gene trans cription machinery. Other Resources PubMed Google ... Full article >>> Trans port Across Cell Membrane s ...

Telophase

.... Full article >>> Telophase The nuclear membrane reappears. The chromosomes uncoil. The...e a new set of nucleolus forms along with the nuclear membrane as well as the nucleolus the cell plate appears and begins to slip in two while the ...

T cell

...;>> [Gr. mitos - thread]. The process of nuclear division forming two daughter nuclei each having the identical complement of chromosomes as the parent cell . Full article >>> For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cell can also apply to human cells ...

Syngamy

...duction , together with syngamy . It is a form of nuclear division by which a diploid parent produces four haploid daughter cell s. Full article >>> The fusion of nuclei of two cells , as part of syngamy . karyokinesis Division of the nucleus during the cell cycle . Full arti...

Supercoil

...e supercoil ed arrangement of DNA in eukaryotic nuclear chromosomes produced by coiling the continuous string of nucleosome s (about 7 nucleosome s per turn). A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> This relaxes the torsional strain needed to maintain ...

Structural change

... trans forming them so that they cannot be used in nuclear weapons. Full article >>> Current work on the OPM data management tools includes developing new OPM tools that will provide facilities for ( 1 ) restructuring MBDs as a result of structural change s entailed by the evolution of thei...

Spore

...... Full article >>> Two successive nuclear division s (with corresponding cell division s) that produce haploid gametes (in animals ) or haploid sexual spore s (in plant s and fungi ) having one-half of the genetic material of the origin al cell . Full article >>...

Spliceosome

... removes introns and splices the exons of most nuclear genes is composed of 5 kinds of small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) molecule s and a large number of protein molecule s. Full article >>>...

Splicing

...A splicing a process or removing introns from nuclear RNA , thus converting it into a functional m RNA Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> Alternative splicing is the process that occurs in eukaryotes in w...

Spindle Fibers

... The protein fibers formed during prophase of nuclear division ; chromosomes attach to these fibers a... chromosome region which reacts to the spindle at nuclear division and to which spindle fibers attach during cell division . Appears as a distinct "waist...

Southern blot

...Research 10:2353, 1982.) shows Southern blot s of nuclear DNA from clones of Trypanosoma brucei express ing different variant surface glycoprotein s (VSGs). Full article >>> Trans fer of electrophoretically separated RNA molecule s from a gel onto an absorbent sheet, which is then...

Sperm

...etes by other than natural means. Autosome -- a nuclear chromosome other than the X- and Y- chromosomes . Full article >>> A haploid sex cell , egg or sperm , that contains a single copy of each chromosome . GEM. A genetically engineered microorganism. Gene . A locus on a chrom...

Somite

...62;> Soma ( somatic cells ) Somatic - cell nuclear trans fer (SCNT) Somatostatin Somite One of the blocks of mesoderm that develop in a longitudinal series on either side of the notochord in vertebrate embryo s. Full article >>> The maternal effect is a phenotype of severe ...

Somatic cells

...; [Gr. meiosis - reduction ]. Two consecutive nuclear division s whereby the resultant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cells ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>>...

Somatic cell

...... Full article >>> Somatic cell nuclear trans fer can create clones for both reproducti...; [Gr. meiosis - reduction ]. Two consecutive nuclear division s whereby the resultant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of othe...

SnRNP

...ein particles, which are complexes between small nuclear RNA s and proteins , and which are involved in R...ein particles, which are complexes between small nuclear RNA s and 7-10 proteins , and which are involved in RNA splicing and polyadenylation reactions....

SnRNA

Small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Short RNA s, and forms complexes w...Full article >>> snRNA . See Small nuclear RNA . Somatic cell . Any nongerm cell that composes the body of an organ ism and which possesses...

Small nuclear RNA

Small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Short RNA s, and forms complexes w...s of RNA . Full article >>> Small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ). Short RNA transcript s of 100-300 bp that associate with proteins to form small...

Site-specific recombination

... that occurs only at specific sequence s. small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Any of several small RNA molecule s in the nucleus . Full article >>> Saturated mutation of a defined region in the mouse genome has only recently become feasible with the very recent development of a new gene...

Simple Sequence Repeat

...Repeat s (SSRs), are polymorphic loci present in nuclear DNA that consist of repeating units of 1-4 base pair s in length [1]. Full article >>> Perry Cregan (USDA, ARS) and others reported continued success with simple sequence repeat s, which are small sequence patterns that are repea...

Sequence

...re are more different sequence s in 3 pg animal nuclear DNA than in 0.004 pg of bacteria l DNA . Conve...icle >>> nucleotide sequence s in nuclear RNA that are eliminated during the formation of m RNA ; also called intervening sequence s Source...

Sense

... with 5 to 10 copies per organelle . Mitosis -- nuclear division . Full article >>> non sense codon A codon that does not specify an amino acid , but instead signals the termination of a polypeptide chain (UAA, UAG, UGA). non sense mutation A mutation that results in the prema...

Self-splicing

...plice without assistance by protein factors. All nuclear splicing requires spliceosome protein - RNA ...cle >>> structures composed of small nuclear ribonuclear proteins ( snRNP s (pronounced "snurps")), splice the 3' end of the first exon , form...

Selection

... a force in the sense that gravity or the strong nuclear force is. However, for the sake of brevity, biologist s sometimes refer to it that way. This often leads to some confusion when biologist s speak of selection "pressures. Full article >>> selection pressure The tendency for natu...

S1 nuclease

...cases, although the m RNA is monocistronic , the nuclear transcript was polycistronic . S1 nuclease mapping of 5' ends of m RNA s produced by trans-splicing , unlike primer extension , does not locate the true 5' end of the RNA . Full article >>> In endonuclease , it cleaves at i...

RNA Splicing

RNA splicing a process or removing introns from nuclear RNA , thus converting it into a functional m RNA ...s. Full article >>> snRNA : Small nuclear RNA ; forms complexes with proteins to form snRNP s; involved in RNA splicing , polyadenylation...

RNA

...NA splicing a process or removing introns from nuclear RNA , thus converting it into a functional m RNA Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> RNA editing occurs by two distinct mechanisms: Substitution Editin...

Reduction

...>>> reduction division The first nuclear division of meiosis during which the paired ho...; [Gr. meiosis - reduction ]. Two consecutive nuclear division s whereby the resultant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of othe...

Recombination

... that occurs only at specific sequence s. small nuclear RNA ( snRNA ) Any of several small RNA molecule s in the nucleus . Full article >>> Recombination A natural cellular process through which DNA molecule s of similar or identical sequence can be exchanged. This process is th...

Quantitative trait

...it s to specific chromosomal regions using data on nuclear families. Full article >>> quantitative trait A genetic trait that is determined by multiple interacting loci , and for which there is a range of phenotype s between phenotypic extremes. quark A subatomic particle found in the n...

Prophase

...n ally introduced this term for the early stage of nuclear division before (Gk. pro) the chromosomes divi...e I of meiosis . The chromosomes coil up, the nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate, and the centrosome s begin moving apart. Full article >>...

Prometaphase

...ering it a part of prophase . In this phase, the nuclear membrane dissolves in some eukaryotes , reformin... prometaphase The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks into fragments. Full article >>> Prometaphase The nuclear envelope ...

Prokaryote

... mitochondrion or chloroplast or the haploid nuclear genetic complement of a eukaryotic species . F...rokaryote s - primitive cell type that lacks a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles Protein - a complex molecule found in numerous cellul...

Prokaryotes

...Prokaryotes - primitive cell type that lacks a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles Protein - a complex molecule found in numerous cellular structures that is composed of amino acids ... Full article >>>...

Programmed cell death

...onsisting of a stereotyped set of events including nuclear condensation, chromosome degradation, ... Full article >>> Radicals and Oxidative Stress: Environment , Drugs and Food Additives Essays in Biochemistry vol 41: The Ubiquitin - Proteasome System Essays in Biochemistry vol 40: T...

Progesterone

... article >>> The typical ligands for nuclear receptor s are lipophilic hormones , with steroid hormones (for example, testosterone, progesterone and cortisol) and derivatives of vitamin A and D among them. Full article >>> The corpus luteum secretes progesterone , whic...

Processing

...rmed m RNA transcript (also called heterogenous nuclear RNA or hnRNA ) must be further modified before ...00 bp that associate with proteins to form small nuclear ribonucleo protein particles ( snRNP s), which participate in RNA processing . (See RNA .) snR...

Primer extension

...cases, although the m RNA is monocistronic , the nuclear transcript was polycistronic . S1 nuclease mapping of 5' ends of m RNA s produced by trans-splicing , unlike primer extension , does not locate the true 5' end of the RNA . Full article >>>...

Primary transcript

...anscriptional processing reactions. Heterogenous nuclear ( hnRNA ) is also used. primase An enzyme that synthesizes RNA oligonucleotide s used as primer s by DNA polymerase s. Full article >>>...

Pre-mRNA

...osol . Full article >>> Signals for nuclear pre-mRNA splicing were identified by consensus...man growth hormone . hnRNA . See Heterogeneous nuclear RNA . Homologous chromosomes . Full article >>> RNA splicing is the normal process...

Polyploid

...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Polysaccharide . A polymer composed o...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Polysaccharide . A polymer composed of multiple units of monosaccharide (simple sugar)....

Polypeptide

...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Full article >>> polypeptide A molecule consisting of many joined amino acids , not as complex as a protein . Full article >>> Polypeptide : See Peptide . Polyprotein : A giant polypeptide that con...

Polyp

...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Full article >>> polyp Individual of the phylum Cnidaria, generally adapted for attachment to the substratum at the aboral end, often form colon ies. polyp eptide A molecule consisting of many joined amino acid...

Polymorphic loci

...Repeat s (SSRs), are polymorphic loci present in nuclear DNA that consist of repeating units of 1-4 base pair s in length [1]. Full article >>>...

Polycistronic

...cases, although the m RNA is monocistronic , the nuclear transcript was polycistronic . S1 nuclease mapping of 5' ends of m RNA s produced by trans-splicing , unlike primer extension , does not locate the true 5' end of the RNA . Full article >>> : A DNA segment coding for a s...

Plastid

...Prokaryotes - primitive cell type that lacks a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelles ... Full article >>>...

Plasma membrane

...ule s and signals into and out of the cell . The nuclear envelope is the membrane around the nucleus of the cell . Full article >>> The plasma membrane of neuron s, like all other cells , has an unequal distribution of ions and electrical charges between the two sides of the membrane....

Peptide Bond

...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Polysaccharide . Full article >>> peptidase An enzyme that hydrolyzes a peptide bond . peptide Two or more amino acids covalently joined by peptide bond s. Full article >>> Ribosomes are also the ...

Peptide

...at results from chromosome replication without nuclear division . Full article >>> A poly peptide secreted by bacteria which inhibit or prevent the growth of related bacteria which lack the corresponding colicin immunity proteins . Colicins are encoded by a group of naturally occu...

Paramecium

...and habitat ) ... Full article >>> nuclear reorganization in a single Paramecium cell sim... T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> nuclear reorganization and self- fertilization within the same individual, as in Paramecium Source: Nolan...

Origin

...ed. Full article >>> Two successive nuclear division s (with corresponding cell division s) that produce haploid gametes (in animals ) or haploid sexual spore s (in plant s and fungi ) having one-half of the genetic material of the origin al cell . Full article >>...

Organelles

...article >>> An organ ism lacking a nuclear membrane and certain organelles such as mitoch...article >>> The material between the nuclear and cell membrane s; includes fluid ( cytosol ) organelles , and various membranes . Full articl...

Organelle

...nelle of eukaryotic cells that is bounded by a nuclear membrane and contains the chromosomes whose gen...article >>> An organ ism lacking a nuclear membrane and certain organelle s such as mitochondria . Refers to both Bacteria and Archae. T...

Oocytes

...ticle >>> Extracts from handisolated nuclear envelopes from frog oocytes were tested for the specific DNA binding activity to (T2G4)116. A fragment of Tetrahymena telomere from a YAC plasmid was used as a labelled probe in a gelshift assay. Full article >>> In females, ...

Nucleus

...es. It is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. The inner and outer membrane fuse at regular intervals, forming nuclear pores. Full article >>> The nucleus of a sperm or an egg prior to fertilizatio...
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