modification

Zona pellucida

... ). Full article >>> in mammals , modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy; enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article &...

Wild type

...mutant allele which is usually a relatively new modification . Categories: Classical genetics Top Encyclopedia Articles ... Full article >>> In col1/kn1 wings, the size of the L3-L4 intervein was 666% smaller that of wild type , whereas the size of the other A inter veins (anterior margin to...

Variety

... Full article >>> The variety of modification s provides a richness of potential signals not pos...eucaryotes, the signal for nucleotide residue modification is the sequence immediately surrounding the modifiable residue . Full article >>> ...

Ureters

..., and urethra . The nephron , an evolution ary modification of the nephridium , is the kidney 's functional unit. Waste is filtered from the blood and collected as urine in each kidney . Full article >>> Smooth muscle or " involuntary muscle " is found within the walls of organ s and s...

Uracil

...y in t RNA s and produced by post transcription modification of one of the normal bases . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> A nitrogenous base , such as cytosine , thymine , or uracil , with a character istic single-ring structure; one of the compone...

Unlinked

...enetic epidemiology, an epistatic effect is the modification of the risk conferred by one marker by the presence of a marker from an unrelated gene ( unlinked gene - gene interaction ). For examples, see Kajiwara , 1994 ( retinitis pigment osa ... Full article >>> LANL researchers lo...

Ulna

... ). Full article >>> Primates have modification s to their ulna and radius (bones of the lower arm) allowing them to turn their hand without needing to turn their elbow. Many primates can also swivel or turn their arms at the shoulder. Full article >>> When mice were bred with ...

Translation

...of the most common post- translation al protein modification s. Full article >>> The transcription of a DNA molecule into m RNA molecule s, and the subsequent translation of the m RNA molecule s into polypeptide s, within a laboratory mixture which contains ribosomes , enzymes , a...

Transgenic

...enic : Creation of an individual in which genetic modification has occured in the germline tissue s and may be trans mitted to subsequent generations. Transgenic mouse : A mouse which carries experimentally introduced DNA . The ... Full article >>> " Transgenic organ ism" is now the p...

Transformed phenotype

...enic : Creation of an individual in which genetic modification has occured in the germline tissue s and may be trans mitted to subsequent generations. Full article >>> Trans formed cells tend to exhibit character istics known collectively as the " transformed phenotype " (rounded cell b...

Trans face

...ht to their final destinations. An example is the modification of glycoprotein s (used in cell membrane s). Full article >>> Once the proteins reach the trans face , they are embedded into coated transport vesicle s and brought to their final destinations. An example is the formation of gl...

Tracheae

... cavity of an arthropod; arthropod tracheae are modification s of the exoskeleton . Full article >>> trachea pl. tracheae (trake-ee-a) [Gk. tracheia, rough] Tiny air tubes that branch throughout the insect body for gas exchange. Full article >>> tracheae ) 1. the windpipe; t...

Trachea

...avity of an arthropod; arthropod trachea e are modification s of the exoskeleton . Full article >>> trachea (pl. trachea e ) 1. the windpipe; that portion of the respiratory tube that has C-shaped cartilaginous rings and passes from the larynx to two bronchi . 2. tiny air tubes that ram...

TATA box

...ulation. Histones can undergo posttranslational modification s. These modification s can play a role in gene regulation in an epigenetic manner. Regulation occurs at the TATA box...

Structural change

...ry it thus entails common ancestry, descent with modification , speciation , the genealogical relatedness of all life, transformation of species , and large scale functional and structural change s of population s through time, ... Full article >>> Mutation -- process by which genes und...

Strand

...luorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ) is a modification of the standard FISH method that allows hybridization of a single- strand ed deoxyoligomer probe to only one chromatid of a metaphase chromosome . Full article >>> Strand It is customary in genetics to use strand for ...

Splicing factor

... use of alternative splicing factors leads to a modification of the definition of a " gene ". Full article >>> Many appear to be related functionally to such known proteins as the GTPase activating proteins or the ETS family of transcription factor s. Others seem to be new members of exi...

Spiracles

... cavity of an arthropod; arthropod tracheae are modification s of the exoskeleton . Full article >>> spiracle -- In insects and some other terrestrial arthropods, a small opening through which air is taken into the tracheae . Insects have several spiracles , arranged along the sides of the a...

SDS-PAGE

...xes of abundance, as well as post- translation al modification s that alter mobility in either isoelectric focusing or SDS-PAGE . Full article >>>...

RNA editing

...iting that increase m RNA complexity, protein modification and alternative translation can all expand the ...primary transcript . Post- transcription al RNA modification s include splicing , polyadenylation , and RNA editing . Related Splicing polyA ... Full artic...

Restriction enzyme

...hes between self and foreign DNA based upon the modification of its DNA - binding site (for example, by methylation ). Full article >>> After the discovery of the genetic code and such tools of cloning as restriction enzyme s , the avenues of investigation open to geneticists were grea...

Restriction

...2;>> The phenomena of restriction and modification led to the discovery of restriction endonuclease s by Arber, Smith and Nathans (1978 Nobel prize). Restriction results from endonucleolytic cleavage of the DNA . Full article >>> Restriction enzyme A restriction enzyme...

Recombinase

...62;> Method for the introduction of genetic modification s into specific genes by homologous recombination using Cre a site -specific, bacteriophage P1-derived recombinase . The Cre recombinase cuts at the loxP-tagged genes. Full article >>> ) and immunoglobulins ( Ig ) as well as e...

Receptor

...>>> zona re action - in mammals , modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy; enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm . Full article >>> and Cell Death Biochemical Society ...

Radius

...ss. Full article >>> Primates have modification s to their ulna and radius (bones of the lower arm) allowing them to turn their hand without needing to turn their elbow. Many primates can also swivel or turn their arms at the shoulder. Full article >>> bone that together with th...

Protein

... >>> Protein engineering Genetic modification Weapons of mass destruction Technological singularity ... Full article >>> Protein functional redundancy DNA functional redundancy Transposon s Redundant pseudogene s Endogenous retrovirus es ... Full article >>&...

Processing

...used to refer to proteolytic post- translation al modification s of a polypeptide . Full article >>>... t RNA , or r RNA molecule s. posttranslational modification Enzymatic processing of a polypeptide chain after translation from its m RNA . Full article ...

Population genetics

...uction ist school that defined evolution as the modification of gene frequencies by natural selection ; and ... Full article >>> Evolution , Population Genetics , Speciation , Taxonomy History of Life Virus es Procaryotes ... Full article >>> Population genetics looks ...

PolyA tail

... and removal of introns , and to t RNA include modification of bases and removal of introns . Full article >>> messenger RNA (m RNA ) A class of RNA molecule s, each of which is complement ary to one strand of DNA , character ized by a 5' 7-N-methyl guanine cap and a 3' polyA ...

Persistence

... from a common ancestor, we see that the various modification s are adaptation s of the plan to the special needs of the organ ism. Full article >>> (Greek: neos, young; teinein, to extend, stretch) The persistence in the reproductively-mature adult of character s usually associated with the...

Origin of life

... evolution -- Darwin's definition: descent with modification . The term has been variously used and abused since Darwin to include everything from the origin of man to the origin of life . Full article >>>...

Origin

...icle >>> Imprinting -- a chemical modification of a gene allele which can be used to identify maternal or paternal origin of chromosome . Full article >>> Ecological succession: (according to the origin al theory ): the development of an ecosystem through a predictable ...

Operator

... Full article >>> One of the first modification s to Angel allows the operator to use a slide bar to vary the contrast of the displayed image. Another enhancement is the automatic display of both the normal gel lanes as well as the special marker lanes. Full article >>> As ear...

Nucleoside

... Full article >>> For such chemical modification s to be of practical significance, it would be useful to be able to employ the corresponding 2'-modified nucleoside triphosphates in the polymerase -directed synthesis of DNA . Full article >>> Included in this group are the nucle...

MRNA processing

...p of pre-mRNA processing occurs: the chemical modification of the C nucleotide in Codon 2153 (CAA) into a U. Full article >>> Aside from containing the cell 's genome , the nucleus contains certain proteins whose interplay is thought to regulate the expression of genes. Gene expr...

Modification

These modification s (rev) do not alter the coding capacity of those ... 3' tail. Full article >>> Genetic modification or genetic manipulation are claimed to be neutral and possibly more technically correct terms for w...

Microbiology

...;> (1) In microbiology and genetics the modification of one genotype by the external application of DNA from a cell of another genotype . Full article >>> We always look at microbiology from a human point of view. There are good bugs and bad bugs, but the bacteria don't kno...

Methylation

...>>> These changes include histone modification s, such as histone H3 methylation and histone H2A ubiquitylation , as well as direct modification of the DNA itself, via the methylation of CpG sites. Full article >>> Kling, Jim...

Metabolism

...βολισμος (" metabolism os")) is the biochemical modification of chemical compound s in living organ isms and cells . This includes the biosynthesis of complex organ ic molecule s ( anabolism ) and their breakdown ( catabolism ). Full article >>> metabolism sum of constructive (anabolic) ...

Mature transcript

...primary transcript . Post- transcription al RNA modification s include splicing , polyadenylation , and RNA editing . Related ... Full article >>> The term m RNA is used only for a mature transcript with polyA tail and with all introns removed, rather than the primary transcript in t...

Mammary gland

..., we can do what's known as "post- translation al modification . Full article >>> The group "mammalia" are named for their mammary gland s because one of the defining character istics of mammals is that they nurse their young. Full article >>> The vertebrate class of mammals ...

Mammals

...ng. Full article >>> in mammals , modification of the zona pellucida that blocks polyspermy; enzymes released by cortical granules digest sperm receptor proteins ZP2 and ZP3 so that they can no longer bind sperm . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article &...

Lysosome

...ll article >>> As well as protein modification , Golgi apparatus is involved in the trans port of lipids around the cell as well creating lysosome s -- organelles involved in digestion . Full article >>> lysis Destruction of a cell 's plasma membrane or of a bact...

Lysosomes

...ll article >>> As well as protein modification , Golgi apparatus is involved in the trans port of lipids around the cell as well creating lysosomes -- organelles involved in digestion . Full article >>> lysosome Cytoplasm ic, membrane-bounded organelle that contain...

Linkage

...n of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . The chemical repair of a gene 's defective DNA sequence . See DNA . Gene pool . Full article >>> Deletion mapping -- the use of overlapping deletion s to localize the position of an unknown gene on a chromosome or li...

Lambda

...nted on untreated microscope coverslips using a modification of the published method [1]. Full article >>> Lambdoidal lambda = like the Greek letter lambda . lamella One of the two plates forming a gill in a bivalve mollusc. One of the thin layers of bone laid concentrically around an osteon...

Intein

...Intein s Another, very rare, post- translation al modification is the later removal of a section of the polypeptide and the splicing together (with a peptide bond ) of the remaining N-terminal and C-terminal segment s. Full article >>> The Intein Database Web site contains a registry of...

Insertion

...n of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . Full article >>> Gene therapy -- addition of a functional gene or group of genes to a cell by gene insertion to correct an hereditary disease. Full article >>> re action insertion mutation A mutation ...

Imprinting

...icle >>> Imprinting -- a chemical modification of a gene allele which can be used to identify maternal or paternal origin of chromosome . Full article >>>...

Homologous recombination

...62;> Method for the introduction of genetic modification s into specific genes by homologous recombination using Cre a site -specific, bacteriophage P1-derived recombinase . The Cre recombinase cuts at the loxP-tagged genes. Full article >>> Some of the electroporated stem cell s wi...

HnRNA

... t RNA , or r RNA molecule s. posttranslational modification Enzymatic processing of a polypeptide chain after translation from its m RNA . Full article >>> Heterogeneous nuclear RNA ( HnRNA ) is on average five times the size of m RNA . HnRNA is capped and polyadenylated. Caps and ta...

Histones

...>> Histones undergo posttranslational modification s which alter their inter action with DNA and nuclear proteins . The H3 and H4 histones have long tails protruding from the nucleosome which can be covalently modified at several places. Full article >>> histones -- protei...

Histone

...Row ... Full article >>> Histone modification s in chromatin regulation Histone s undergo posttranslational modification s which alter their inter action with DNA and nuclear proteins . Full article >>> ...

Hereditary

...n of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . The chemical repair of a gene 's defective DNA...n of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . The chemical repair of a gene 's defective DNA sequence . See DNA . Gene pool . The totality o...

Habitat

... adoption of alternate cultural practices such as modification of irrigation or pruning to make the habitat ... Full article >>>...

Gynoecium

... plan, plant species show a wide variety of modification s from this plan. Full article >>>...

Glycosylation

...set of very common and very heterogenous chemical modification s. Sugar moieties can be attached to the sidechain... Golgi bodies function in the posttranslational modification ( glycosylation ) and secretion of proteins or insertion into membranes . Composed of cis, med...

Glycoprotein

...rotein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification . Full article >>> Glycoprotein A glycoprotein is a macro molecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (a sugar). Full article >>> glycoprotein -- a membrane-bound protein which has attached branching ...

Genotype

...xE ) inter action : This term refers both to the modification of genetic risk factors by environment al risk and protective factors and to the role of specific genetic risk factors in determining individual differences in ... Full article >>> The genotype or phenotype that is found in natur...

Genetics

Epi genetics refers to modification s in gene expression that are controlled by heritable but potentially reversible changes in DNA methylation and/or chromatin structure. Related Chromatin DNA methylation ... Full article >>> genetics science of trait tra...