metabolic

Vitamins

...oup of organ ic molecule s that are required for metabolic reactions and generally cannot be synthesized in t...st vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions. co evolution [L. co, together + e-, out + volvere, to roll] ... Full article >>...

Vitamin

...oup of organ ic molecule s that are required for metabolic reactions and generally cannot be synthesized in the body. vulva A collective term for the external genitals in women. Full article >>> vitamin [L. vita, life] An organ ic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts; vit...

Urea cycle

...rea from ammonia (NH4+). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932). Fu...ycle, also known as ornithine cycle, was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932) ... Full article >>> The Urea Cycle ...

Urea

...rea from ammonia (NH4+). This cycle was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932). Fu.... Full article >>> urea cycle A metabolic pathway in vertebrates , for the synthesis of urea from amino groups and carbon dioxide; occurs i...

Unlinked

... protein controls the activity of other genes or metabolic pathways. Full article >>>...

Transduction

...led an opsin. Full article >>> coli metabolic pathways to include signal- transduction pathways, transport protein s, regulation of gene expression , and t RNA s. Version5.0, released in June, contains detailed annotations of E. Full article >>> Biochemical Society Symposia v...

Trait

...e at a particular locus . dormant Having reduced metabolic and respiratory activity. Full article >>> A group of trait s, such as size and number of offspring , length of maturation, age at first reproduction , and the number of times reproduction occurs, that affect reproduction , surv...

Thyroid gland

...ne gland located in the neck and involved with the metabolic functions of the body. thyroid An endocrine gland near the shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx . Full article >>> The thyroid gland cells bring in iodine for use in producing hormones . Cells in the vertebrate kidney reab...

Tetracycline

...zyme that allows a cell to utilize an alternate metabolic pathway for incorporating thymidine into DNA . Full article >>>...

Symbiosis

...d by more than two membranes , and reduced in its metabolic and/or photosynthetic capacity. Full article >>> In a matter, it's like a symbiosis . The photosynthetic organ isms are your primary producers , but some of them are aerobic primary producers ; some are anaerobic primary produ...

Smooth ER

...n as agranular ER or aER) has functions in several metabolic processes, including synthesis of lipids , metab...mooth ER The smooth ER has functions in several metabolic processes. It takes part in the synthesis of various lipids (e.g., for building membranes such a...

Site

...site of collection of metabolites, such as sugar; metabolic sinks may exist anywhere in the plant where organ ic solutes are being trans ported by the phloem and stored. Full article >>> leaves The site of photosynthesis ; one of the three major organ s in plant s. leukocytes Whit...

Sequence homology

...ared sequence homology but belonged to unrelated metabolic pathways. Full article >>> All the genes in the mammalian Hox clusters show some sequence homology to each other (especially in their homeobox ) but very strong sequence homology to the equivalent genes in Drosophila . Full arti...

Secondary metabolite

... plant s or fungi but not critical for the basic metabolic functions of that organ ism; often functioning to deter predators or attract pollinators; a secondary metabolite . Full article >>>...

Second messenger

...nals from extracellular growth factors to cellular metabolic pathways. Cytogenetics . Study that relates the appearance and behavior of chromosomes to genetic phenomenon. Full article >>> cAMP A second messenger within cells ; its formation by adenylate cyclase is stimulated by certain ho...

Reverse genetics

...isolate a disease gene in the absence of a known metabolic defect, then using the DNA sequence of the clone d gene to predict the amino acid sequence of its encoded protein . Full article >>>...

Protons

...sotopes are commonly used to make DNA probes and metabolic tracers. J Joining (J) segment . Full article >>> diprotic acid An acid having two dissociable protons , for example H2SO4 or oxalic acid. disaccharide A carbohydrate consisting of two covalently joined monosaccharide units. Sucros...

Probability

... protein controls the activity of other genes or metabolic pathways. Full article >>>...

Polygenic inheritance

... trait s such as height, shape, weight, color, and metabolic rate are governed by the cumulative effects of many genes. Full article >>> polygenic inheritance : the condition in which some character istics are determined by an inter action of genes on several chromosomes or at several place...

Polygenic

... trait s such as height, shape, weight, color, and metabolic rate are governed by the cumulative effects of many genes. Full article >>> polygenic inheritance : the condition in which some character istics are determined by an inter action of genes on several chromosomes or at several pla...

Plant

... in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cells (or eukaryotes ): ... Full article >>> Gemini virus One of the two groups of DNA virus es that infect plant s, the members of which have potential...

Physiology

...because of hormone differences. Women have lower metabolic rates than men, likely leading to less oxidative damage to cells . Full article >>> Chemostats have been used for the last fifty years in the study of the physiology , population biology and ecology of bacteria and a variety...

Photorespiration

... [Gk. photos, light + L. respirare, to breathe] A metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen , releases carbon dioxide, generates no ATP , and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, ... Full article >>> Photorespiration Stomata and CO2 Concentration Stoma...

Photosynthesis

...sequence for a protein involved in a particular metabolic strategy - photosynthesis , for example - you could construct oligos so that the presence of that gene could be detected using PCR . Full article >>> Archeons in their general sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by di...

Phosphorylation

...olism and the point at which the major portion of metabolic energy is released. phosphodiester linkage - covalent bond that joins the 5' and 3' carbon atoms to form nucleic acids ... Full article >>> substrate -level phosphorylation The formation of ATP by directly trans ferring a p...

Oxidation

...olism and the point at which the major portion of metabolic energy is released. Full article >>> Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms. Oxidation reactions release energy. Reduction is gain of electrons or hydrogen atoms and is associat...

Organelles

...xcluding the nucleus ) and providing a medium for metabolic ... Full article >>> Structure of life Schematic of typical animal depicting the various and structures Enlarge Schematic of typical animal cell depicting the various organelles and structures ... Full article >>> ...

Organelle

...xcluding the nucleus ) and providing a medium for metabolic ... Full article >>> Structure of life Schematic of typical animal depicting the various and structures Enlarge Schematic of typical animal cell depicting the various organelle s and structures ... Full article >>>...

Order

...d fetal cells which are analyzed for presence of metabolic and genetic disorders, ... Full article >>> Achondroplasia a dominant gene tic dis order where the homozygote (AA) dies before birth resulting in a miscarriage and the heterozygote (Aa) is a dwarf (a- = not without; chondro = c...

Niche

...at trans fers hydrogen atoms and electrons within metabolic pathways; a free-moving carrier , not membrane bound in a trans port system; NAD+. Full article >>> ecological niche The sum total of an organ ism's utilization of the biotic and abiotic resources of its environment . ecological ...

Neurospora crassa

...s caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Full article >>>...

Molecule

... in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cells (or eukaryotes ): ... Full article >>> Polymer. A molecule composed of repeated subunits. Polymerase ( DNA ). Synthesizes a double- strand ed DNA...

Microbe

...nt in measuring human metabolism is with basal metabolic rate. Some microbe s metabolise the wrought iron on shipwrecks, forming structures known as rusticles with the waste compound s they produce. Full article >>> Educational Environment s of the Future Glossary of Biochemistry and M...

Metabolism

...eactions that occur within cells . A hypothetical metabolic pathway is shown below. Reactions occur in a sequ...because of hormone differences. Women have lower metabolic rates than men, likely leading to less oxidative damage to cells . Full article >>> ...

Malpighian tubule

...olving Malpighian tubule s is utilized to excrete metabolic waste. Metabolic waste diffuses or is actively trans ported into the tubule, which trans ports the wastes to the intestine s. Full article >>> The excretory system consists of Malpighian tubule s for the removal of nitrogenous wast...

Lysis

...le >>> Glyco lysis is the initial metabolic pathway of carbohydrate catabolism . The most common and well-known form of glyco lysis is the Embden -Meyerhof pathway. The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. Full article >>> ...

Krebs cycle

...cal cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecule s to carbon dioxi...rebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle) - central metabolic pathway found in all aerobic organ isms. Oxidizes acetyl groups derived from food molecule s to ...

Kingdom

...otes — all share many similarities of their metabolic and genetic systems [Link]. Full article >>> UNITED KINGDOM Administration; HGMP Resource Centre; Hinxton, Cambridge; CB10 1RQ United Kingdom (+44/1223-494511, Fax: -494512, Internet: admin@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk) HGMIS staff Return to Tab...

Interphase

...ll is not dividing. During interphase , cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. Full article >>> Interphase is divided into three phases: Growth 1 (G1) phase: Character ized by increasing cell size from accelerated ...

Homeostasis

...including body temperature, blood sugar level, and metabolic rate. Full article >>> Homeostasis the ability of an animal to maintain a constant internal environment (homeo homo = same like alike; stasis = standing posture) ... Full article >>> The Kidney and Homeostasis ...

Heart

...ner rings of xylem that have become clogged with metabolic by-products and no longer trans port water; visib... the accumulation of resins, oils, gums, and other metabolic by-products, which prevent water movement through this tissue . Full article >>> he...

Glycolysis

...;> Glycolysis is one of the most universal metabolic processes known, and occurs (with variation s) in...icle >>> Glycolysis is the initial metabolic pathway of carbohydrate catabolism . The most common and well-known form of glycolysis is the E...

Glucose

...ellulose and starch and is important to several metabolic pathways. glumes Pair of bract s at the base of a spikelet in a grass flower . Full article >>> glucose (C6H12O6) An important monosaccharide (simple carbohydrate ) that acts as a primary energy supply for both plant and ani...

Gene cluster

...or a series of enzymes for successive steps in a metabolic pathway. Full article >>> The interleukin gene cluster on human chromosome 5q31 was selected for large scale sequencing because it contains a number of functionally related genes and is therefore likely to yield novel cytokin...

Fermentation

...alled zymnosis) is the energy-yielding anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule , such as glucose , without net oxidation . Full article >>> Alcohol fermentation is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic aci...

Feedback inhibition

...#62;>> feedback inhibition A method of metabolic control in which the end-product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway. feedback systems ... Full article ...

Excretion

...cess, or function of excreting. The elimination of metabolic waste products from an animal 's body. Full article >>> honeydew. An excretion from insects, such as aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and soft scale s, consisting of modified plant sap. Full article >>> ab- from ad- ...

Equilibrium

...s. Full article >>> homeostasis - metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes By Wordnet Dictionary ... Full article >>> homeostasis : the process in which the ...

Enzymes

... in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cells (or eukaryotes ): ... Full article >>> Enzymes . Proteins that control the various steps in all chemical reactions. EPA. See Environment al Protec...

Environmental damage

... a polymer synthesized by a side branch of a major metabolic pathway of plant s that is resistant to almost all kinds of environmental damage ; especially important in the evolution ary move of plant s onto land. stablizing selection ... Full article >>> This way, like others, is not unamb...

Enzyme

... in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cells (or eukaryotes ): ... Full article >>> enzyme [Gk. en, in + zyme, leaven] A class of proteins serving as catalysts, chemical agents that change ...

Endotherm

...ndon, within + therme, heat] An animal that uses metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature, such as a bird or mammal. See also Homeotherm. Full article >>> endotherm (or homeotherm)An organ ism that can regulate its internal temperature. Compare ectotherm . endotherm ic Hav...

Ectotherm

...vironment al temperature increases, the animal 's metabolic rate will increase. Lizards, fish, and amphibians are examples of ectotherm s. Full article >>> Ectotherm y Poikilothermy Brady metabolism Ectotherm y - This refers to creatures that control body temperature through external mean...

Dormancy

dormancy -- A period of suspended growth and metabolic activity. Many plant s, seeds, spore s, and some... to sleep] A period during which growth ceases and metabolic activity is greatly reduced; dormancy is broken when certain requirements, for example, of tempera...

DNA probes

...sotopes are commonly used to make DNA probes and metabolic tracers. J Joining (J) segment . A small DNA s...sotopes are commonly used to make DNA probes and metabolic tracers. J ... Full article >>> A more recent development is direct detection of vira...

Differentiation

...s of cell physiology ; size, shape, polarity , metabolic activity, responsiveness to signals, and gene expression profiles can all change during differentiation . Full article >>> Differentiation and Genetic Cascades Development of a complex multicellular organ ism is more than just ...

Cytoplasm

...asic food material or stored product of a cell 's metabolic activities. cytoproct Site on a protozoa n where undigestible matter is expelled. Full article >>> - Cytoplasm - Cytosol Definition: A thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell 's cytoplasm . From Regina Bailey...

Corticosteroids

...uid balance in the body while glucocorticoids have metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects and are important mediators of the stress response. Full article >>> Corticosteroids These drugs reduce the inflammation of the late phase of the response. They may be given in an inhaler (e.g., beclome...

Conversion

... MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is a metabolic enzyme that is involved in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Full article >>> This transformation not only provides a conversion for spacetime co-ordinates (x1,x2,x3,t) , but will also provide a conversion for al...

Coenzyme

... vitamins function as coenzyme s in important metabolic reactions. Full article >>> coenzyme An organ ic non protein molecule , frequently a phosphorylated derivative of a water-soluble vitamin , that binds with the protein molecule (apo enzyme ) to form the active enzyme (holo ...