linkage

Virus

...omes that remain in repulsion because of close linkage or crossover suppression . Full article >>> phage - virus es for microorganisms photosynthesis - use of light to carry out reductive biochemical processes necessary for life. Pigment s capture light energy in much the same ...

Variation

...s can be used as marker s on physical map s and linkage map s. RFLP is also pronounced "rif" lip. Full ...ly called allelomorph. Allelic association : see linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>> POLYMORPHISM - Variation within a DNA or RN...

Tetrad

... Tetrad ana lysis A method for establishing linkage relationships in fungi by analysing the four products from individual meiotic division s. Tetrad The four products of a single meiosis . Full article >>> tetrad [Gk. tetras, four] In genetics , a pair of homologous chromoso...

Synteny

...n to be linked; a chromosome . There are as many linkage group s as there are homologous pairs of chromosomes . See synteny . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>>...

Suppression

...omes that remain in repulsion because of close linkage or crossover suppression . In a closed population , only the trans- heterozygotes (l1 + / + l2) for the lethal mutation s survive. Full article >>> Time-release capsule s (Nor plant ) can be implanted under the skin and offer ...

Species

...horesis . Full article >>> Genetic linkage map -- a chromosome map showing the relative positions of the known genes on the chromosomes of a given species . Genetic screen ing -- testing groups of individuals to identify defective genes capable of causing hereditary conditions. Full...

Segregation

... of two or more genes together as a unit. Genetic linkage is thought to arise to accommodate genes that function best in each other's company, i.e. Full article >>> The return of an Afrikaner-led National Party government by the overwhelmingly white electorate in 1948 signaled the advent of ...

Selection

...nd other means of artificial selection . Genetic linkage map. A linear map of the relative positions of genes along a chromosome . Full article >>> Hardy-Weinberg Law -- the concept that both gene frequencies and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation i...

Segment

...osition of an unknown gene on a chromosome or linkage map . Full article >>> palindrome A segment of duplex DNA in which the base sequence s of the two strand s is the same from each end of the strand . paradigm In biochemistry , an experimental model held to be true. Full articl...

Secondary Structure

...ue to hydrogen bond formation between peptide linkage s. secondary succession ... Full article >>> secondary structure - the folded, coiled, or twisted shape of a polypeptide that results from hydrogen bond ing between parts of a molecule . There are two types of secondary structur...

Ribonuclease

...lyzes the hydrolysis of specific phosphodiester linkage s of RNA . ribonucleic acid RNA . Full article >>>...

RFLP

...onucleic acid ( DNA ), enzyme , polymorphism , linkage , single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ... Full article >>> RFLP See restriction fragment length polymorphism . Related Terms: Restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP ) ... Full article >>> RFLP :...

Reverse genetics

...ticle >>> Reverse genetics . Using linkage ana lysis and polymorphic marker s to isolate a disease gene in the absence of a known metabolic defect, then using the DNA sequence of the clone d gene to predict the amino acid sequence of its encoded protein . Full article >...

Restriction fragment

...onucleic acid ( DNA ), enzyme , polymorphism , linkage , single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ... ... as marker s on both physical map s and genetic linkage maps. Full article >>> Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms Restriction e...

Restriction enzymes

...enzymes ); useful as genetic marker s for making linkage map s. Full article >>> restriction map - diagrammatic representation of a DNA molecule indicating the sites of cleavage by various restriction enzymes ... Full article >>> binding and cleavage sites and thei...

Restriction

...s can be used as marker s on physical map s and linkage map s. RFLP is also pronounced "rif" lip. Full article >>> Restriction enzymes were discovered in bacteria . Bacteria use them as a defense mechanism to cut up the DNA of virus es or other bacteria . Full article >...

Repulsion

...omes that remain in repulsion because of close linkage or crossover suppression . In a closed population , only the trans- heterozygotes (l1 + / + l2) for the lethal mutation s survive. Full article >>> essential oils Highly volatile and aromatic oils formed in glands or special ce...

Residue

...form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkage s between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next. Full article >>> The absence of punctuation makes reading the m RNA susceptible to changes in the frame of reading the nucleotide residue s. The m RNA ...

Recombination frequency

...xpress ing the relationship between distance in a linkage map and recombinant frequency. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Recombination frequency . The frequency at which crossing over occurs between two chromosomal loci --the probability that ...

Recombination

...le >>> Distances are established by linkage ana lysis , which determines the frequency at whi... by recombination ). Some haplotype s may be in linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>>...

Population

...o which allelic variants can be expected to be in linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>> ... be considered useful polymorphisms for genetic linkage ana lysis . Full article >>> Single base differences of DNA sequence s between in...

Polymorphisms

...nt in a sample of DNA . You might be looking for linkage between a microsatellite marker and an unknown disease gene . Full article >>> Interleukin-10 and trans forming growth factor-beta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158 (6), 1958-1962...

Polymorphism

...onucleic acid ( DNA ), enzyme , polymorphism , linkage , single nucleotide polymorphism s (SNPs) ... Full article >>> Polymorphism finder (POMPOUS.swmed.edu): A suite of programs that detects tandem repeats ranging from dinucleotides up to 250-mers, scores them according to predic...

Pleiotropy

...single gene that affects multiple trait s) and linkage disequilibrium (non-random association of two genes). Full article >>> Pleiotropy -- the phenomenon of variable phenotype s for a number of distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypic effects. Full article >>>...

Phosphorylation

...n of metabolic energy is released. phosphodiester linkage - covalent bond that joins the 5' and 3' carbon atoms to form nucleic acids ... Full article >>> substrate -level phosphorylation The formation of ATP by directly trans ferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate ...

Phosphodiester Bond

...phate group joins adjacent carbons through ester linkage s. A condensation re action between adjacent nuc...s of DNA and RNA are linked by a double ester linkage , called a phosphodiester bond . [View] ... Full article >>> Nucleic acid A polyme...

Phosphate group

... s — not water — break the 1 -> 4 linkage s the phosphate group must then be removed so t...phate group joins adjacent carbons through ester linkage s. A condensation re action between adjacent nucleotide s results in a phosphodiester bond betwe...

Phosphatase

...phate group joins adjacent carbons through ester linkage s. Full article >>>...

Phenotype

... organ ism. -philia affection for phosphodiester linkage A chemical grouping that contains two alcohols esterified to one molecule of phosphoric acid, which thus serves as a bridge between them. Full article >>> The mutant phenotype can therefore be easily detected. Back translation U...

Peptide

...kbone has been replaced with 2-aminoethyl glycine linkage s, but maintaining the four natural nucleo bases . Full article >>> Peptide s and Amine s Peptide s are short chains of amino acids ; most hormones are peptide s . They are secreted by the pituitary, parathyroid, heart , ...

Nucleotide

...ith one or more phosphate group joined in ester linkage s to the sugar moiety. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotide s. Nucleotide Y nucleoside . Full article >>> Nucleotide : A molecular subunit of DNA or RNA consisti ng of a base ( adenine , guanine , thymine , or cytosi...

Nucleoside

...form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkage s between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and the 5' C atom of the next. Full article >>> Nucleoside . A building block of DNA and RNA , consisting of a nitrogenous base linked to a five carbon sugar. (See Nucleoside ana...

Nucleic acids

...form nucleic acids are joined by phosphodiester linkage s between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and...ith one or more phosphate group joined in ester linkage s to the sugar moiety. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotide s. Nucleotide Y nucleoside . F...

Nucleic acid

...rm nucleic acid s are joined by phosphodiester linkage s between the 3' C atom of one ribose moiety and...ith one or more phosphate group joined in ester linkage s to the sugar moiety. DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotide s. Nucleotide Y nucleoside . F...

Natural selection

...62;>> Natural selection maintains the linkage disequilibrium between color and pattern alleles in Papilio memnon. [ linkage disequilibrium : association between alleles at different loci ] In this moth species , there is...

Microsatellite

...s of 192 Caucasian chromosomes revealed strong linkage disequilibrium between CCR5 and two microsatellite loci . Full article >>>...

Methylation

...ter replication . Mapping : See gene mapping , linkage map , physical map . Marker : Two typical usages: ... Full article >>> : Differing expression of genetic material dependent on the parent-of- origin . This is due to methylation of one of the alleles depending of its origin...

Mapping

...deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), gene , genome , linkage , nucleotide , physical map ... Full article &...#62;>> Mapping : See gene mapping , linkage map , physical map . Marker : Two typical usages: ... Full article >>> Gene mappi...

Map Unit

...elated Terms: Map Unit A unit for distance in a linkage map . The distance equal to 1% recombination between two loci . Full article >>> be less common between genes adjacent to each other on the same chromosome and that it should be possible to plot the sequence of genes along a fru...

Marker

... by recombination ). Some haplotype s may be in linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>> T... frequency'. Full article >>> gene linkage map: a map that pinpoints the location of genes based on their connection to certain marker gene...

Map distance

...xpress ing the relationship between distance in a linkage map and recombinant frequency. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>>...

Lysis

...le >>> Distances are established by linkage ana lysis , which determines the frequency at which two gene loci become separated during chromosomal recombination . (See Mapping .) Genetic marker . Full article >>> Baysian ana lysis -- a mathematical method to further refi...

LOD score

...#62;> LOD score A statistical estimate of linkage (logarithmic odds ratio) whether two loci are likely to lie near each other on the same chromosome and are therefore likely to be inherited together. Full article >>> 1 includes genotype s for some 6000 genetic marker s (over 25...

Loci

...o be unlinked by conventional genetic tests for linkage but still be syntenic. A B C D E F G H I J K L M ...le >>> Distances are established by linkage ana lysis , which determines the frequency at which two gene loci become separated during chrom...

Localize

...osition of an unknown gene on a chromosome or linkage map . Full article >>> Contrast with intermediary metabolism secondary structure The localize d conformation of a protein . sedimentation coefficient A physical constant specifying the rate of sedimentation of a particle in a c...

Linkage map

...acid molecule . Full article >>> linkage map A genetic map based on the frequencies of ...icle >>> Linkage map . See Genetic linkage map. Linked genes/ marker s. Genes and/or marker s that are so closely associated on the chromoso...

Linkage equilibrium

...vidual genetic marker s in each haplotype . Cf. linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>> A...lly, recombination will bring the two loci to linkage equilibrium . But, the more closely linked two alleles are, the longer the hitchhiking will last. ...

Linkage group

...n to be linked; a chromosome . There are as many linkage group s as there are homologous pairs of chromoso...T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> linkage group Genes linked to the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together. linkage Tendency ...

Linkage disequilibrium

...aplotype . Full article >>> : see linkage disequilibrium . Allelic exclusion : Expression ... occurred or not can be investigated by measuring linkage disequilibrium , i.e., whether a given haplotype is overrepresented in the population . Full art...

Linkage

... to be linked; a chromosome . There are as many linkage group s as there are homologous pairs of chromos...Laboratory of Genetic Disease Research, defines linkage . related terms: base pair , chromosome , deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), gene , genetic marker...

Ligation

... action used to make the covalent phosphodiester linkage between two double stranded DNA ends. Full article >>> Cloning of any DNA sequence comprises of the following four steps: amplification , ligation , transfection , and screening / selection . Initially, the DNA fragment ...

Library

...chromosome or plasmid ) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them. Full article >>> Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology The VL is the oldest catalog of the web, started by Tim Berners-Lee, the creator of html and the web itself. Full article ...

Insertion

...normal gene into a defective chromosome . Gene linkage . The hereditary association of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . Full article >>> Gene therapy -- addition of a functional gene or group of genes to a cell by gene insertion to correct an heredi...

Inheritance

...her on a chromosome . Linkage map . See Genetic linkage map. Linked genes/ marker s. Full article >>> Recently, a novel mode of inheritance has been described in the yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae. Full article >>> Genetics : The study of the patterns of inheritance of s...

Independent assortment

...ly of the distribution of other genes. See also: linkage Informatics See: bioinformatics ... Full article >>> Independent assortment refers to the random arrangement of pairs of chromosomes . The diagram below shows four possible arrangements of chromosomes during metaphase 1 fro...

In vivo

...ly of the distribution of other genes. See also: linkage ... Full article >>> In vivo Myeloid dendritic cell s (MDC) are most similar to monocytes . MDC are made up of at least two subsets: the more common MDC-1 the extremely rare MDC-2, which may have a function in fighting wound infect...

Hereditary

...stic use ... Full article >>> Gene linkage . The hereditary association of genes located on the same chromosome . Gene modification . The chemical repair of a gene 's defective DNA sequence . See DNA . Full article >>> Synonyms: familial , hereditary , inherited, tran...

Haplotype

... by recombination ). Some haplotype s may be in linkage disequilibrium . Related Terms: Linkage ... Ful...s of 192 Caucasian chromosomes revealed strong linkage disequilibrium between CCR5 and two microsatellite loci . Full article >>> The la...

Glycoprotein

...e attached to them. The attachment is a covalent linkage to: ... Full article >>> A glycoprotein is a macro molecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (an oligosaccharide). The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification ...

Genetic marker

... by recombination ). Some haplotype s may be in linkage disequilibrium . Full article >>> When the observed frequencies of haplotype s in a population does not agree with haplotype frequencies predicted by multiplying together the frequency of individual genetic marker s in each hapl...