ion

Virus

...charged carbon atom . carbocation (AKA) carbonium ion A positively charged carbon atom . Full article >>> In the adeno virus E3 m RNA polyadenylated sites are 17, 26 or 29 nucleotide s beyond AATAAA. Where several alternative polyadenylation sites are found, preference is governed b...

Vesicle

... mass accuracy and sensitivity Fourier trans form ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry to character ize the protein content of outer membrane vesicle s from the ... Full article >>> pinocytosis : when the vesicle formed from endocytosis contains droplets of fluid. ...

Vertebrates

...ents of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane. Full article >>> Animal - kingdom composed of multicellular organ isms divided into two division s: vertebrates and in vertebrates , who obtain their food from external sources and reproduce sexual ly or ...

Transduction

...nsduction of transmembrane receptor s that are ion channel s 3.1.4 Signal transduction of transmembrane receptor s on change of trans membrane potential ... Full article >>> Chapter 9 Presenilin function: connections to Alzheimer's disease and signal transduction Paul E.Frase...

Transcript

Transcript ion factor s are proteins that directly regulate the gene transcript ion machinery. Other Resources PubMed Google ... Full article >>> transcript ion the ...

Trans

...e s Facilitated Diffusion of Ions Ligand-gated ion channel s. External Ligands Internal Ligands ... Full article >>> Trans lation is the process of converting the sequence of nucleotide residue s in m RNA into the sequence of amino acid residue s in a polypeptide . Sinc...

Structural change

...And this structural change has an effect on the ion channel 's function? Full article >>> LTP involves structural change s as well as functional ones. Researches in Geneva, ... Full article >>> Signal transduction of transmembrane receptor s by structural change s S...

Stalk

...de of the stem . pH scale A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. Full article >>> stipe . A stalk . stolon . A trailing aboveground stem or shoot , often rooting at the nodes and forming new plant s. Full article >>...

Spinal cord

...oduces neuro peptides that help control water and ion balance, blood pressure, and smooth muscle contractions. 586 uropod Posterior most appendage of many crustacea ns. Full article >>> sensory root of a spinal nerve that carries impulses to the spinal cord ; ventral root carri...

Species

...hydrogen peroxide (#5) ions like the hypochlorite ion (#6) radicals like the hydroxyl radical (#3). Full article >>> Nitric oxide (.NO), a free radical species produced by several mammalian cell types, plays a role in regulation of vascular, neurological and immunological signal t...

Small intestine

...ents of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane. Full article >>> After being processed in the stomach , food is passed to the small intestine where it is further mixed with secretions such as bile , which helps aid in fat digestion , and insulin , to process...

Signal transduction

...ansduction of transmembrane receptor s that are ion channel s 3.1.4 Signal transduction of transmembrane receptor s on change of trans membrane potential ... Full article >>> AKA: Signal Transduction Pathway Refers to a series of sequential events, such as protein phosphorylati...

Second messenger

..., water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell 's ...>>> We've been able to identify the ion channel s and the second messenger cascades that are activated by opioids. Full article >>...

Scale

...>>> pH scale A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to -log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14. phage ... Full article >>> Phi scale . Scale used for measuring the grain size of sediments. = -log2 (grain diameter) Photic zone. The depth zone in the ocean ext...

Ribonucleotides

...oluble forms. Gel filtration chromatography or ion exchange chromatography is used to get all protein fractions and is followed by assay for DNA polymerase . Full article >>> adenine and guanine , pyrimidine in thymine , or cytosine for DNA and uracil cytosine for R...

Reversal

... the order of genes on a chromosome segment . ion An atom that has lost or gained electrons from its outer shell and therefore has a positive or negative charge, respectively; ... Full article >>> Experimental reversal of parental investment Observed speciation Whale with legs...

Response element

... (CREB-1) is thought to be the primary transcript ion factor in the cascade of gene expression that leads to prolonged structural change s to the synapse enhancing its strength[23]. Full article >>> In a variety of organ isms, including flies ( Drosophila ) and human s, one enzy...

Probe

...c force microscope Electron microscope Field ion microscope Field emission microscope Phase contrast microscope , see Frits Zernike Scanning tunneling microscope Virtual microscope X-ray microscope ... Full article >>> Scanning probe microscope In scanning probe...

Primary transcript

... (CREB-1) is thought to be the primary transcript ion factor in the cascade of gene expression that leads to prolonged structural change s to the synapse enhancing its strength[23]. Full article >>> Introns are trans cribed as part of the normal gene primary transcript , but i...

Potential energy

...ounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential. Full article >>> However, for large molecule s, solving for the desired pulse shape analytically is too difficult: the calculations are too complex and the...

Polarity

...;> This work deals with issues regarding the ion polarity combination, viz., positive oligonucleotide s/negative charge trans fer agent versus negative oligonucleotide s/positive charge trans fer agent. Full article >>> polarity Depending on the context meaning one of two thi...

Photosynthesis

...rsion of dissolved carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ion to photosynthetic product ... Full article >>> chlorophyll : green pigment that makes up a photosystem that absorbs energy from the sun during photosynthesis . chloroplast : an organelle within green plant s in which photosy...

Phosphate ion

phosphate ion : a product of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) to...;>> Weathering of rocks makes phosphate ion s (PO4= and HPO4=) available to plant s through uptake from the soil. The mineral apatite contains ...

Phosphate group

...s the DNA molecule s to one another. phosphate ion : a product of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) together with ADP. Full article >>> When the phosphate group detaches from the pump, the pump returns to its origin al shape. The two potassium ions leave and three sodium ions enter. ...

Phloem

...ing tissue of vascular plants . phosphate -- an ion consisting of a phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms. Among other things, it is used in the constuction of nucleic acids . Full article >>> phloem (floh-um) [Gk. phloos, bark ] The portion of the vascular system in plant s ...

Peroxisome

...nzymes . pH The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution. Full article >>>...

Organelle

...nzymes . pH The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution. Full article >>> Centrioles - essential tubular organelle s found near the nucleus in pairs that aid in cellular division Chlorophyll - the green material found in chloroplasts that i...

Nodes of Ranvier

...the site of high concentration of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> nodes ... site of high concentration of voltage-sensitive ion channel s. Nostoc a blue-green algae . Full article >>> Action potential s are o...

Nodes

...the site of high concentration of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> nodes ... site of high concentration of voltage-sensitive ion channel s. Nostoc a blue-green algae . Full article >>> internode s The stem r...

Nerve impulse

... & Andrew Huxley, mathematical theory of how ion fluxes produce nerve impulse s Georg von Bksy, research on the human ear ... Full article >>> Changed polarity of the membrane, the action potential , results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane. An action ...

Myelin sheath

... site of high concentration of voltage-sensitive ion channel s. Nostoc a blue-green algae . Full a...er which contain a high density of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>>...

Message

...62;>> A chemical signal, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP that relays a hormonal message from a cell 's surface to its interior. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> The DNA base sequence interrupting the protein - coding sequence s of...

Lambda

...phism Barbiturate Barr body Base Molecule or ion that can take a proton from an acid. Full article >>> The Int-Flp family includes lambda Int, Flp, and cre. Three-dimensional structure studies provide insights into the mechanism used by the Flp recombinase to invert DNA sect...

Ion channel

... W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Many ion channel s open or close in response to binding a small signaling molecule or "ligand". Some ion channel s are gated by extracellular ligands; some by intracellular ligands. Full article >>...

Inversion

... the order of genes on a chromosome segment . ion An atom that has lost or gained electrons from its outer shell and therefore has a positive or negative charge, respectively; ... Full article >>> inversion An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from an error in meio...

Intestine

...ents of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane. Full article >>> These complexes are abundant at the brush border membranes of kidney proximal tubule cells and epithelial cells of the intestine , and are also express ed in certain leucocyte s and c...

Interchange

...y has only one electron and one proton, a hydrogen ion is a proton. The words "hydrogen ion" and "proton" can therefore be used interchange ably. The word "proton" can be abbreviated "H+." ... Full article >>>...

Insert

insert ion place of attachment, such as the more movable end...Mosby ... Full article >>> Insert ion elements are mobile genetic elements that occasionally insert into chromosomal sequence s, o...

Hydrolysis

...hydroxyl group that is directly bound to the metal ion in place of a water ligand. Full article >>> Hydrolysis of an ester link In a hydrolysis re action that involves breaking an ester link, one hydrolysis product contains a hydroxyl functional group, while the other contains a car...

Glial cells

...the site of high concentration of voltage-gated ion channel s. nomograph ... Full article >>>...

Flagellum

...ubule. base A substance that lowers the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Full article >>> Funicle: The portion of the flagellum of the antenna closest to the club. Full article >>> at one end or pole of the cell (e.g., a flagellum , spore inclusion, germ tu...

Facilitated diffusion

...; Facilitated Diffusion of Ions Ligand-gated ion channel s. External Ligands Internal Ligands ... Full article >>> Facilitated diffusion involves the use of a protein to facilitate the movement of molecule s across the membrane. In some cases, molecule s pass through channels ...

Express

...ess ed in the phenotype . The degree of express ion of a genetically controlled trait . A B C D E F ...ce . Full article >>> The express ion of genes involved in the inflammatory response is controlled both transcription ally and post- tra...

Escherichia coli

...ents of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane. Full article >>> Construction of large- insert libraries in bacteria l hosts, such as those using PAC/BAC vectors and DH10B cells , has been limited by the inefficient transformation of Escherichia coli with...

Diffusion

...ounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to the membrane potential. Full article >>> ANISOTROPIC- DIFFUSION FILTER An image processing method for reduction of shot noise without degradation of an image. AOTF ... Full a...

Deoxyribonucleotide

...oluble forms. Gel filtration chromatography or ion exchange chromatography is used to get all protein fractions and is followed by assay for DNA polymerase . Full article >>> DNA polymerase - catalyzes the addition, of a deoxyribonucleotide to the 3' end of a DNA chain. DNA...

Dendrites

...tential s and without activation of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> dendrites Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body of a neuron . PICTURE dendrochronology The process of determining the age of a tree or wood used in structures by counting...

Dendrite

...tential s and without activation of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> dendrite s Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body of a neuron . PICTURE dendrochronology The process of determining the age of a tree or wood used in structures by counti...

Cytoplasm

...nzymes . pH The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution. Full article >>> Exons -- portion of a gene included in the transcript of a gene and survives processing of the RNA in the cell nucleus to become part of a spliced messenger of a stru...

Cofactors

...e >>> Any non protein molecule or ion that is required for the proper functioning of an enzyme . Cofactors can be permanently bound to the active site or may bind loosely with the substrate during cata lysis . cohesion [L. cohaerere, to stick together] ... Full article >>...

Cilium

...ubule. base A substance that lowers the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Full article >>> dynein - a microtubule-dependent motor protein ; cytoplasm ic dynein s work in organelle trans port and mitosis , whereas the closely related ciliary dynein s are attatched to out...

Cells

...nzymes . pH The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution. Full article >>> Mitochondria - genetically independent organelles that produce energy for the cells along their many internal folds, called cristae Mitosis - cellular division that yi...

Cell membrane

... proteins that span the cell membrane form the ion channel s. To determine the structure of proteins , scientists have often used X-ray crystallography. Full article >>> PLCβ hydrolyzes phosphoinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid found in the cell membrane , into s...

Carrier

...ull article >>> FM audio for televis ion channel 6 is broadcast at a carrier frequency of 87. Full article >>> nicotine adenine di nucleotide A local electron carrier that trans fers hydrogen atoms and electrons within metabolic pathways; a free-moving carrier , not...

Capsid

...charged carbon atom . carbocation (AKA) carbonium ion A positively charged carbon atom . Full article >>> Phage display Phage display vectors express the insert ed DNA as a protein at a prominent position on their capsid . This allows capture and isolation of recombinant ...

Base

...>> base - a molecule that accepts H+ ion (proton) beta- pleated sheet-A planar secondary s...#62; base A substance that lowers the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. basidia Specialized club-shaped structures on the underside of club fu...

Barr body

...phism Barbiturate Barr body Base Molecule or ion that can take a proton from an acid. Full article >>> In female mammalian embryo s, the early random inactivation of the genes on one of the X chromosomes , leading to mosaicism for functions coded by heterozygous X-linked genes ...

Atom

...c force microscope Electron microscope Field ion microscope Field emission microscope Phase c... T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> ion -- an atom or small molecule which carries a positive or negative charge. laminarin -- a beta-gl...

Amino acids

...acid group. base - a molecule that accepts H+ ion (proton) ... Full article >>> Amino acids are biochemical building blocks. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptide s which in turn form structures called proteins . Full article >>> Amino a...

Amino acid

...acid group. base - a molecule that accepts H+ ion (proton) ... Full article >>> Amino acid s bind by forming a peptide bond . Linear polymers of amino acid s are called polypeptide s. Large polypeptide s are called proteins . A restricted set of 20 amino acid s constit...