interactions

Wild type

...lled " wild type " or normal phenotype . Genetic interactions ( epistasis ) can often confound simple interpretations of such " knock-out " studies. Full article >>> Class III grew the fastest ( wild type rate), Class II grew slower and class I grew the slowest. Full article >>&#...

Variation

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Full article >>> Restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLP ) are variation in DNA fragment banding patterns of electrophoresed restriction digests of DNA from different individuals of a species . Full article ...

Tympanic membrane

...e outer ear. ecosystems : systems formed from the interactions between communities and their physical environment s. Full article >>> pass down the auditory canal of the outer ear strike the eardrum ( tympanic membrane ) causing it to vibrate these vibrations are trans mitted across the mi...

Transposon

...roteins insert ed into a membrane by hydrophobic interactions Contrast with peripheral protein s. Full article >>> Barbara McClintock discovers transposon s in maize 1952 The Hershey-Chase experiment proves the genetic information of phage s (and all other organ isms) to be DNA 1953 DNA s...

Transcription factor

...uired for wing development (00002, 00003) Genetic interactions ... Full article >>> transcriptio...#62;>> Transcription factor sometimes, interactions between different proteins . Proteins called transcription factor s bind to DNA sequence s, kno...

Transcription

...2;>> Transcription factor sometimes, interactions between different proteins . Proteins called transcription factor s bind to DNA sequence s, known collectively as regulatory elements , located near the coding region of the gene in question (Fig. 1). Full article >>> An u...

Tertiary Structure

...gular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interaction...al con?guration. Shape assumed by protein due to interactions between amino acids far apart on the chain. PICTURE ... Full article >>> tertiary ...

Systems biology

...ystems function. By studying the relationships and interactions between various parts of a biological system (e.g. Full article >>> Systems biology is an approach which must integrate many different disciplines. It takes some chemistry and computer science and engineering and biology . It's an a...

Symbiosis

... article >>> Symbiosis Most of the interactions between species involve food: competing for the same food supply eating ( predation ) avoiding being eaten (avoiding predation ) ... Full article >>> Symbiosis (pl. symbioses) (from the Greek words syn = con/plus and biono = liv...

Secondary Structure

...e in proteins consists of local inter- residue interactions mediated by hydrogen bond s. The most common secondary structure s are alpha helices and beta sheet s. Full article >>> Secondary Structure Most proteins contain one or more stretches of amino acids that take on a character i...

Respiration

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Full article >>> tracheae -- Internal tubes through which air is taken for respiration . Vertebrates with lungs have a single trachea carrying air to the lungs , ... Full article >>> tricarb...

Replication

...y . The study of the biochemical and mo- lecular interactions within living cells . Molecular cloning . Full article >>> Example helicase An enzyme that catalyzes the unwinding of strand s in a DNA molecule before replication . heme The iron-porphyrin prosthetic group of heme protein...

Quaternary structure

...e proteins , a fourth structural level created by interactions with other proteins . Aspect of protein structure determined by the number and arrangement of polypeptide s in a large protein such as hemoglobin . PICTURE ... Full article >>> quaternary structure The three-dimensional struct...

Proteome

... is constantly changing through its biochemical interactions with the genome . Full article >>>...

Predation

...#62;>> predation One of the biological interactions that can limit population growth; occurs when organ isms kill and consume other living organ isms. Full article >>> predation The derivation of an organ ism of elements essential for its existence from organ isms of other sp...

Population dynamics

...lity, and decline of population s, as well as the interactions of those factors. Full article >>> Boraas, M. E. 1983a. " Population dynamics of food-limited rotifers in two-stage chemostat culture ." Limnology and Oceanography. 28: 546-563. Boraas, M. E. 1983b. "Predator-mediated algal evolut...

Osmosis

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Full article >>> The process of either diffusion or osmosis . Usually associated with diffusion through a membrane channel that requires no direct energy (like ATP ). A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U ...

Origin

...on (Akimaru, 1997) and 4bslacZ (my data) Genetic interactions ... Full article >>> Origin ally written in FoxPro, the Helix database was converted to an Informix-based system in the fall of 1997. Full article >>> Origin of replication (ori) The nucleotide sequence where ...

Order

...ures conferred on proteins or nucleic acids by interactions between amino acid residue s or nucleotide s which are not closely positioned within the sequence ... Full article >>> Since these filamentous bundles do not continue into the ruffled b order area at the leading edge of the movi...

Nutrition

...utrition The study of the sources, action s, and interactions of nutrients. nyctinasty The "sleep movements" of leaves in response to change in turgor pressure of cells at the base of the petiole . Full article >>> A nutrition al mutant that is unable to synthesize and that cannot grow on...

Natural selection

...ral selection acts on the complex product of such interactions rather than on individual locus . The correlated variation and adaptation present in two mutually dependent organ isms. Coalescence ... Full article >>> A particular aspect in the life cycle of an organ ism upon which natural s...

Mutualism

...commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of inter action ranging from parasitism to mutualism . Full article >>> A relationship between two organ isms that live in intimate contact with each other; includes mutualism (both ...

Motif

...structural motif involved in protein - protein interactions in many eukaryotic regulatory proteins (C/EBP prototype). Contain a repeat structure: Leu residue s in every seventh position, causes a large amount of DNA to loop out. Full article >>> The F-box is a protein motif of approxim...

Molecule

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Within organ isms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes , where it is represented in the chemical structure of particular DNA molecule s. Full article >>>...

Molecular biology

...y . The study of the biochemical and mo- lecular interactions within living cells . Full article >>> molecular biology The study of the biochemical structure and function of organ isms. molecular genetics The study of the biochemical structure and function of DNA . molecular weight The...

Mitosis

...y . The study of the biochemical and mo- lecular interactions within living cells . Full article >>> mitosis Nuclear division in which there is an equal qualitative and quantitative division of the chromosomal material between the two resulting nuclei; ordinary cell division . Full artic...

Mating system

...on mating system to identify and character ize interactions among cell -cycle regulatory ... Full article >>> and microsatellite s), they are still amongst the quickest and cheapest marker systems to develop, and remain (as of 2005) an excellent choice for projects that only need to identif...

Macroevolution

...h the origin , diversification, extinction , and interactions of organ isms which produced the species that currently inhabit the Earth. Full article >>> macroevolution Evolution ary change on a grand scale , encompassing the origin of novel designs, evolution ary trends, adaptive radi...

Lysis

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Full article >>> A variant of magnetic resonance imaging that generates individual nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from a grid of subvolumes in an object. In addition to the more conventional water and lipid magnetic resonance i...

Leucine zipper

...structural motif involved in protein - protein interactions in many eukaryotic regulatory proteins (C/EBP prototype). Contain a repeat structure: Leu residue s in every seventh position, causes a large amount of DNA to loop out. Full article >>> Over the past few years, it has become appar...

Knock-Out

...in s, ... Full article >>> Genetic interactions ( epistasis ) can often confound simple interpretations of such " knock-out " studies. Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication , transcription and translation of the genetic material . Full a...

Invertebrates

...od flukes Games Parasites Play (some interesting interactions between host and parasite ). Full article >>> invertebrates Animals without backbones. involucre Whorl of bract s that subtend a flower or an inflorescence . involuntary Nervous system Stimulates smooth and cardiac muscle...

Insertion Sequence

...roteins insert ed into a membrane by hydrophobic interactions Contrast with peripheral protein s. Full article >>> The simplest type of transposon is an insertion sequence (IS). It is a sequence of DNA that encodes an enzyme called transposase , which enables the IS to move. Full art...

Genetics

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Full article >>> Genetics the study of genes and heredity ( gene = origin birth) Geology the study of rocks and minerals (geo = earth; -logy = to study) ... Full article >>> Genetics : The study of the patt...

Genetic interactions

Genetic interactions loss of PKA function activates Hh-target genes in...ions, ... Full article >>> Genetic interactions ( epistasis ) can often confound simple interpretations of such " knock-out " studies. Molecular ...

Fusion Protein

...f Virginia where he is studying the structures and interactions of viral fusion protein s in lipid bilayers, mainly using the influenza surface protein , hemagglutinin (HA). Full article >>> ^ Trends Biochem Sci. 1995 20(7):285-6 Purification of His-Tag fusion protein s from Escherichia coli ...

Food web

...62; Food web . A network describing the feeding interactions of the species in an area Foraminifera. Protozo...62;>> food chain / food web -- All the interactions of predator and prey, included along with the exchange of nutrients into and out of the soil. Full ...

Food chain

...62;>> food chain / food web -- All the interactions of predator and prey, included along with the exch...level Food web . A network describing the feeding interactions of the species in an area ... Full article >>> food chain The pathway along which...

Epistatic

...> After the results are graphed, epistatic interactions are identified. According to Thomas Cheesbrough, (South Dakota State University, Brookings), ... Full article >>> This ratio is 9:7 instead of the 9:3:3:1 one would expect of a dihybrid cross between heterozygote s. Of the two genes...

Epistasis

... (see ... Full article >>> Genetic interactions ( epistasis ) can often confound simple interpret...orm best. Full article >>> Genetic interactions such as epistasis can often confound simple interpretations of such " knock-out " studies. Full ...

Environment

...study is that there are so many different possible interactions with other organ isms and the environment . Ful...biotic factors as well as intra- and interspecific interactions (eco oikus = house; -logy = to study the study of) ... Full article >>> The study of...

Entropy

...62;>> is the enthalpy of base stacking interactions adjusted for helix initiation factors ΔS is the entropy of base stacking adjusted for helix initiation factors and for the contributions of salts to the entropy R is the universal gas constant ... Full article >>> The law...

Entomology

...tific study of insects. Insects have many kinds of interactions with human s and other forms of life on earth, so it is an important specialty within biology ; unlike many other fields however, ... Full article >>> entomology Study of insects. Entoprocta A phylum of aschelminths commonly call...

Embryo

... article >>> Carbohydrate -mediated interactions between cells and their environment are important in differentiation , embryo genesis, inflammation, cancer and metastasis and other processes. Full article >>> Origin ating in embryo logy , today developmental biology stu...

Ecosystems

...>> ecosystems : systems formed from the interactions between communities and their physical environmen... Ecosystems Identify organ isms/ factors, their interactions and impact within a habitat . - ... Full article >>> Ecosystems also provide vario...

Ecosystem

...62;> ecosystem s : systems formed from the interactions between communities and their physical environmen... Ecosystem s Identify organ isms/ factors, their interactions and impact within a habitat . - ... Full article >>> ecosystem management An inte...

Ecology

...ution and abundance of living organ isms, and the interactions between organ isms and their environment . Full...icle >>> Ecology . The study of the interactions of organ isms with their environment and with each other. Ecosystem . The organ isms in a plan...

Eardrum

...e outer ear. ecosystems : systems formed from the interactions between communities and their physical environment s. Full article >>> Hearing involves the action s of the external ear, eardrum , ossicles, and cochlea . In hearing, sound waves in air are converted into vibrations of a liquid th...

Downstream

...le- strand ed DNA . E Ecology . The study of the interactions of organ isms with their environment and with each other. Full article >>> Recall that transcription termination often occurs at sites considerably downstream of the sites that, after polyadenylation , are the 3' ends of most e...

Disulfide bridge

...gular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bond s, and disulfide bridge s. testcross ... Full article >>> disulfide bridge A covalent cross link between two polypeptide chains formed by a cystine ...

Diffusion

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Full article >>> The diffusion gradient of an ion, representing a type of potential energy that accounts for both the concentration difference of the ion across a membrane and its tendency to move relative to th...

Daughter Cell

...y . The study of the biochemical and mo- lecular interactions within living cells . Full article >>> The division of the cytoplasm of a cell into two daughter cell s and it occurs during Telophase . See karyokinesis . Full article >>> Partitioning Separation of chromosom...

Community

...ing in an area. community ecology The study of interactions of all population s living in the ecosystem of a given area. Full article >>> in a community as a series of links of trophic levels, such as primary producers , herbivores , and primary carnivores ... Full article >>&...

Commensalism

...commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of inter action ranging from parasitism to mutualism . Full article >>> A relationship between two organ isms that live in intimate contact with each other; includes mutualism (both ...

Chromosomes

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Within organ isms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosomes , ... Full article >>>...

Chromosome

...f a particular gene , e.g. ana lysis of genetic interactions . Within organ isms, genetic information generally is carried in chromosome s , ... Full article >>>...

Character

...cies and individuals come into existence, and the interactions they have with each other and with their environment . Full article >>> When drawn in two-dimensions, t RNA s can be folded into a character istic cloverleaf structure with three stem -loop structures. The anticodon at the base ...

Cellular respiration

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Full article >>> Mitochondria are small round or rod-like organelles that are involved in cellular respiration and found in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells . Each mitochondrion may contain 5 t...

Cell membrane

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Explain relationship between photosynthesis and respiration (identify organelles involved) - ... Full article >>> plasmalemma The cell membrane . plasmid A small circle of DNA that may be carried by a b...

Cell cycle

...agram/label cell membrane structure and describe interactions with environment . Full article >>> Definition: A stage in the cell cycle when a cell doubles its cytoplasm and synthesizes DNA . Related Resources: Interphase Interphase is the "holding" stage or the stage between two succ...