general

Vitamins

...a series of saturated organ ic acids having the general formula CnH2nO2, occurs in natural fats of animals and plant s. Full article >>> Escherichiacoli a species of fecal bacteria a normal part of our intestinal flora which makes vitamins K and B-12 for us but some strain s of ...

Vascular system

...r system works. Full article >>> A general argument will be presented augmented by detailed analyses of the mammalian circulatory and plant vascular system s, for which complete quantitative descriptions can be derived. Full article >>> phenotypic changes in the fetal vascul...

Vascular cambium

...he central cylinder of roots . vascular plant A general name for any plant that has xylem and phloem . Full article >>> vascular cambium [L. vasculum, a small vessel + cambium, exchange] A continuous cylinder of meristem atic cells surrounding the xylem and pith that produces ...

Transfection

.... Full article >>> Transfection A general term to describe the introduction of recombinant or vector DNA into host cells . Transformation Usually refers to passive uptake of DNA by cells , although in nature some bacteria l species have a specific active uptake system. Full...

Transcription factor

...roteins are shown in the table above. TFIIH is a general transcription factor consisting of multiple polypeptide s, including XPB and XPD. Full article >>>...

Transcription

...ymerase to stop transcription . Transfection A general term to describe the introduction of recombinant or vector DNA into host cells . Full article >>> Usually associated with transcription -initiation regions of (housekeeping) genes trans cribed at low rates that do not contai...

Transcript

...erase to stop transcript ion . Transfection A general term to describe the introduction of recombinant or vector DNA into host cells . Full article >>> If this tape is authentic and its transcript s correctly trans lated, it shows at the very least that bin Laden claimed to som...

Terminator

...ymerase to stop transcription . Transfection A general term to describe the introduction of recombinant or vector DNA into host cells . Full article >>> Because the transcription starts from a specific base -pair sequence (a promoter ) and stops at another (a terminator ), ...

Tectonics

...h established theories as evolution , special and general relativity, quantum mechanics (with minimal interpretation), plate tectonics , etc. Other studies ... Full article >>> List of topics related to pi List of plate tectonics topics List of topics related to current Polish territories ...

TATA box

...ion in many but not all genes; binding site for general factors involved in initiation of transcription . In prokaryotes the analogous is called Pribnow box . Full article >>> TATA box . An adenine - and thymine -rich promoter sequence located 25-30 bp upstream of a gene , whi...

Technology transfer

...p with the civilian economy and has contributed to general technological and economic development of the USA, and often, via technology transfer , other countries as well. Full article >>>...

Superficial

...cteria superficial ly resemble Archeons in their general sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by different membrane structures, gene sequence s, and metabolism s. Full article >>> The archaeal flagellum is superficial ly similar to the bacteria l (or eubacteria l) flag...

Structural change

Structural change A general term for a deletion , duplication , or inversion of a chromosome segment , or an interchange of segment s which may be between homologous or non- homologous chromosomes . Related Terms: Deletion ... Full article >>> A stru...

Sporophyte

... the diploid sporophyte generation. (Link to a general discussion of the alternation of generations in all plant s.) ... Full article >>> Rabe and Haufler (1992) found a naturally occurring diploid sporophyte of maidenhair fern which produced unreduced (2N) spore s. These spore s re...

Splicing

...The enzymatic attachment of one exon to another. general acid- base cata lysis Cata lysis involving a proton trans fer from/to a molecule other than water. Compare to specific acid- base cata lysis . Full article >>> Alternative splicing One reason is that one gene may produce m...

Site-specific recombination

... s. Usually catalyzed by enzymes not involved in general or homologous recombination . Full article >>> Conservative site-specific recombination In conservative site-specific recombination , a mobile DNA element is insert ed into a strand of DNA by means similar to that seen in c...

Sex chromosomes

...one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell . As a general rule, the Y chromosome is present in males, who have one X and one Y chromosome , while females have two X chromosomes . Full article >>> The sex with homomorphic (similarly shaped) sex chromosomes (for example, XX), producing on...

Rhizome

...e horizontal underground stem that may have the general appearance of a root Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Louis, MO. C. V. Mosby ... Full article >>> rhizome In ferns, a horizontal stem with upright leaves containing vascular tissue . rhodopsin ...

Recombinant

.... Full article >>> Transfection A general term to describe the introduction of recombinant or vector DNA into host cells . Transformation Usually refers to passive uptake of DNA by cells , although in nature some bacteria l species have a specific active uptake system. Full...

Pyrimidine

...fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, having the general form. Full article >>> We first map the whole genomic DNA sequence s following purine - pyrimidine binary rule: change purine s (A/G) to +1 and pyrimidine s (C/T) to -1. This creates a ' DNA walk' along the genome . Full arti...

Pseudoknot

...ond stem -loop. Full article >>> A general method of calculating probable RNA secondary structure is dynamic programming, although this has the disadvantage that it cannot detect pseudoknot s or other cases in which base pair s are not fully nested. Full article >>> Anoth...

Proximal

...s in an antennae, in a leg, and there was the same general properties that told anterior from posterior , ba...62;> Homeostasis should be thought of as a general character ization of many normal processes in concert, not their proximal cause per se. Moreover,...

Probe

...that pick up different kinds of sugars. This, in a general sense , is glyco biology and it is very valuable. Full article >>> The European Space Agency and People's Republic of China both have plans to launch probe s to explore the Moon in the near future, too. European spacecraft Smart 1 w...

Population

...g. the basin big sagebrush ecosystem or the more general sagebrush ecosystem ) ... Full article >>> control action threshold. Pest population level at which treatment is necessary to prevent economic loss, also called economic threshold. cornicle. Two tubular structures located on the ...

Plant hormones

...e Home Page (Northern Illinois University) View a general introduction to plant hormones as well as specifics about your fave hormone . Full article >>> plant hormones : hormones that regulate the growth and development of many plant s. plasma : a straw-colored liquid composed primari...

Phylon

... of animals or plant s constructed on a similar general plan, a primary division in class ification. Order ... Full article >>> In biology , phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolution ary relatedne...

Phylum

... of animals or plant s constructed on a similar general plan, a primary division in class ification. Full article >>> In class ification of plant s and animals a division of a phylum and divided into order s. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article ...

Photosynthesis

... Full article >>> Archeons in their general sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by different membrane structures, gene sequence s, and metabolism s. One important type of bacteria is the cyanobacteria , which use chlorophyll for oxygen ic photosynthesis . Full article...

Phosphate group

...ticle >>> Kinase : A kinase is in general an enzyme that catalyzes the trans fer of a phosphate group from ATP to something else. In molecular biology , it has acquired the more specific verbal usage for the trans fer onto DNA of a radiolabeled phosphate group . Full article ...

Phosphatase

...2; C4 plant s Cadherins Caenorhabditis elegans[ general discussion ] [ genome ] [ germline vs somatic cells ] Calciferol Calcineurin (calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase ) Calcitonin Calcitriol Calcium[in nutrition ] [RDA] [homeostatic regulation of] [as ... Full article >>> Alkal...

Oxygen

...ticle >>> resemble Archeons in their general sizes and shapes, but are distinguished from them by different membrane structures, gene sequence s, and metabolism s. One important type of bacteria is the cyanobacteria , which use chlorophyll for oxygen ic ... Full article >>...

Origin of life

...ll article >>> Common descent is a general descriptive theory that concerns the genetic origin s of living organ isms (though not the ultimate origin of life ). Full article >>> Well, in evolution ary science the stem is the origin of life , or the particular origin ...

Niche

...somes . Full article >>> Niche . A general term referring to the range of environment al space occupied by a species Niche overlap. An overlap in resource requirements by two species Nitrogen fixation. The conversion of gaseous nitrogen to nitrate by specialized bacteria . Full art...

Muscle contraction

...TP for energy. Full article >>> In general they cause muscle contraction s that constrict air passages in the lungs , involved in asthma. levorotatory isomer A stereoisomer that rotates the plane of plane-polarized light counterclockwise. Full article >>> thermogenesis The ge...

Monosaccharides

...- the simplest of all sugars; compound s with the general formula (CH2O)n, where n is an integer from 3 through 7. i.e. glucose (C6H12O6), n=6. The addition of more than one monosaccharide via a covalent bond results in ... Full article >>> monosaccharides Simple carbohydrates , usually ...

Microbiology

...jors...a great resource for microbiology for the general student population . Bacteria : Life History and Ecology UCMP Berkeley ... Full article >>> This must be the case when we consider that standard practice in microbiology is to start culture s from single colon ies on agar plat...

Lungs

...o this disease. Full article >>> In general they cause muscle contraction s that constrict air passages in the lungs , involved in asthma. levorotatory isomer A stereoisomer that rotates the plane of plane-polarized light counterclockwise. Full article >>> Biofilms of Pseudomo...

Kinase

...ticle >>> Kinase : A kinase is in general an enzyme that catalyzes the trans fer of a phosphate group from ATP to something else. In molecular biology , it has acquired the more specific verbal usage for the trans fer onto DNA of a radiolabeled phosphate group . Full article ...

Karyotype

karyotype the size, shape, and general appearance of the chromosomes in mitotic metaphase Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> Karyotype s are arranged with the short arm of the chromosome o...

Inverted Repeats

... 120 and 160 kb. Full article >>> A general term for any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome , exit, and relocate; includes insertion sequences , transposon s, some bacteriophages , and controlling element. A region of the genome , flanked by inverted repeats , ... Full art...

Inverted repeat

... 4 A residue s. Full article >>> A general term for any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome , exit, and relocate; includes insertion sequences , transposon s, some bacteriophages , and controlling element. A region of the genome , flanked by inverted repeat s , ... Full a...

Intestine

...article >>> The intestine shares a general structure with whole gut and is composed of several layers. The Lumen is the cavity where digested material passes through and from where nutrients are absorbed. Full article >>> The small intestine is where final digestion and...

Insertion sequences

...dditional genes. Full article >>> A general term for any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome , exit, and relocate; includes insertion sequences , transposon s, some bacteriophages , and controlling element. Full article >>> Insertion sequence (IS) A trans po...

Insertion Sequence

...dditional genes. Full article >>> A general term for any genetic unit that can insert into a chromosome , exit, and relocate; includes insertion sequence s , transposon s, some bacteriophages , and controlling element. Full article >>> Transposon s in bacteria are also...

Identity

...icle >>> Although the identity and general properties of prion s are now well-understood, the mechanism of prion infection and replication remains mysterious. Full article >>> So what are the identity factors for such a species ? The most common interpretation of how to...

Hypothesis

...ion based on accumulated facts and suggesting some general principle or relation of cause and effect; ... Full article >>> hypothesis A tentative explanation of a question; an explanation based on careful observations. hypothesis A statement or proposition that can be tested by experiment....

Hormones

...e Home Page (Northern Illinois University) View a general introduction to plant hormones as well as specifics about your fave hormone . Full article >>> Hormones also affect mature adults. Males and females have receptor s for estrogen s, progesterone , and androgens in various t...

Homologous recombination

... RecA protein in enteric bacteria . Also called general recombination . Full article >>> Homologous Recombination . Here the broken ends are repaired using the information on the intact ... Full article >>> homologous recombination - process whereby stretch of DNA in a ...

Herpetology

...gy but use those organ isms as systems to answer general questions in evolution . Full article >>>...

Genetic recombination

...icle >>> genetic recombination The general term for the production of offspring that combine trait s of the two parents. genome ... Full article >>> genetic recombination Crossing -over; a major source of genetic variation in a population or a given species . Full...

Genetic marker

... along a chromosome . genetic recombination The general term for the production of offspring that combine trait s of the two parents. Full article >>> Short, tandem repeats that are useful as genetic marker s See also PCR Glossary. Other Resources PubMed Google ... Full article ...

Genetic disease

... disease in the offspring and a higher than the general population risk in the following siblings. Full article >>> Used in detection of genetic disease alleles etc. RT-PCR PCR amplification from an RNA template . The first step involves synthesis of a single strand of c DN...

Gene splicing

...The enzymatic attachment of one exon to another. general acid- base cata lysis Cata lysis involving a proton trans fer from/to a molecule other than water. Compare to specific acid- base cata lysis . Full article >>> Genetic engineering , genetic modification (GM), and gene splici...

Fructose

... oxygen atoms, in a 1:2:1 molar ratio, giving the general formula CnH2nOn. However, many important carbohyd... sugar A monosaccharide; a carbohydrate with the general formula CnH2nOn. Full article >>> Cane sugar; a common disaccharide found in many pl...

Fossil

...me This online version of a U.S. Geological Survey general interest publication, by Lucy E. Edwards and John Pojeta, Jr., gives additional insight to application of the study of fossil s. Full article >>> Fossil evidence of prehistoric organ isms has been found all over the Earth. The age ...

Food pyramid

...dated USDA food pyramid , published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption. Full article >>> Criticism of the Food Pyramid in the Wall Street Journal, 2002 Discussion of China Project research Food ana lysis , BMI calculation etc. Rebuilding the Food Py...

Fatty acids

...as long chain monocarboxylic acids , and have a general structure of CH3(CH2)nCOOH. Full article >>> fatty acids . These bind members of the super family called peroxisome -proliferator-activated receptor s (PPARs). They got their name from their initial discovery as the receptor s for...

Family

...62; A family of organ ic molecule s with the general formula (CH20)x, ranging from simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose , to complex molecule s, such as starch and cellulose . Covered in Lab 4 Cellular Energetics: Fermentation and Cellular Respiration ... Full article >>>...

Exon

...The enzymatic attachment of one exon to another. general acid- base cata lysis Cata lysis involving a proton trans fer from/to a molecule other than water. Compare to specific acid- base cata lysis . Full article >>> I've mentioned the term exon shuffling in several of my posts, so ...

Eukaryotes

...or may be produced during viral replication as a general marker for viral infection. It is believed that ... Full article >>> 1] In eukaryotes , the cap site is the position in the gene at which transcription starts, and really should be called the " transcription initiation site ...