energy

Xanthophyll

...n plant s and photosynthetic bacteria that trap energy from sunlight and pass it on to "special pairs". Full article >>> They contain chlorophyll , the green pigment necessary for photosynthesis to occur, and associated accessory pigment s (carotenes and xanthophyll s) in photosyst...

Vitamin

...2; The first step in the transduction of light energy to a neural signal is the light-induced isomerization (change of shape) of a chromophore, specifically a vitamin A derivative. Each chromophore is bound to a membrane protein called an opsin. Full article >>> Enzymic antioxidants...

Virus

...esses necessary for life. Pigment s capture light energy in much the same way as an antenna captures a radio or tv signal. Full article >>> Certain virus es have the ability to insert a copy of themselves into the genome of a host . The chemical that make this possible ( reverse transc...

Transverse

...pins following the application of the transverse energy pulse; the transverse relaxation time is termed "Time 2" or T2. Both T1- and T2-weighted images are acquired for most medical examinations. Full article >>> Each body ring has several transverse grooves. Leeches possess a small ant...

Transport protein

...t A process that requires an expenditure of ATP energy to move molecule s across a cell membrane ; usually moved against the concentration gradient with the aid of specific transport protein s. Full article >>>...

Transition

... demonstrates the relationship between activation energy ( Ea ) and enthalpy of formation ("H) with and without a catalyst. The highest energy position (peak position) represents the transition state. Full article >>> Transit...

Transduction

...2; The first step in the transduction of light energy to a neural signal is the light-induced isomerization (change of shape) of a chromophore, specifically a vitamin A derivative. Each chromophore is bound to a membrane protein called an opsin. Full article >>> coli metabolic pathw...

Transcription

...trans ducer A receptor that converts one form of energy into another. Full article >>> transcription - process of RNA synthesis from DNA template . transcription factor - DNA binding protein that turns genes on or off (regulates the level of transcription ) by binding to en...

Transcript

...trans ducer A receptor that converts one form of energy into another. Full article >>> transcript ion - process of RNA synthesis from DNA template . transcript ion factor - DNA binding protein that turns genes on or off (regulates the level of transcript ion ) by binding to...

Trans

... of a chemical re action and has the highest free energy of any re action intermediate; a rate-limiting st...trans ducer A receptor that converts one form of energy into another. trans duction . Condition in which bacteria l DNA (and the genetic character ist...

Tissue

...erving as phosphate group acceptor in the cell energy cycle. Full article >>> Succulent: a plant that is able to store water in its tissue s and then withdraw it during times of drought. Water storage tissue may be found in the stem , leaves, or roots depending on the species . ...

Thylakoid

...ac inside the chloroplast , used to convert light energy to chemical energy. Full article >>> thylakoid s : membranes that make up the grana in chloroplasts ; the actual site of photosynthesis within chloroplasts . thymosins: hormones secreted by the thymus gland that influen...

Stroma

... to that time. Full article >>> The energy released as electrons pass down the gradient between photosystem II and photosystem I is harnessed by the cytochrome b6/f complex to pump protons (H+) against their concentration gradient from the stroma of the chloroplast into the ... F...

Striated muscle

... in the appropriate ionic environment , and using energy derived from ATP , thick (' myosin ') and thin (' actin ') filaments can associate to generate contractile force. Full article >>> Striated muscle generally responsible for the voluntary movements of the body. sliding-filament model...

Striate

... in the appropriate ionic environment , and using energy derived from ATP , thick (' myosin ') and thin (' actin ') filaments can associate to generate contractile force. Full article >>> Striate d muscle generally responsible for the voluntary movements of the body. sliding-filament mod...

Starch

...omposed exclusively of glucose units, used as an energy store in plant cells . steroids - hydrophobic ...cose , maltose, starch , cellulose and xylan as energy sources. In an attempt to further understand T. Full article >>> Four population s w...

Spirilla

...: curved walls ability to form spore s method of energy production ( glycolysis for anaerobe s, cellular respiration for aerobe s nutrition al requirements re action to the Gram stain. Full article >>> Bacteria typically have one of three shapes: rods ( bacilli ), spheres ( cocci...

Skeleton

...rmic A re action where the product is at a higher energy level than the reactants. Full article >>...exameral symmetry Scope for growth. The surplus of energy available for growth beyond that required for maintenance ... Full article >>> actin...

Site

...igh concentration that requires the expenditure of energy ( ATP ). Full article >>> active ...meability of the cell and is the major site of energy metabolism . Full article >>> The promoter and ribosome binding site codes in ...

Siphon

... Active transport is like a water pump; it uses energy to pump water uphill where a siphon cannot. Fac... (see above) is like a siphon in that additional energy is not required but it can only allow movement downhill. Full article >>> Senate publ...

Signal transduction

...l membrane trans port, signal transduction and energy decomposition cycles. Full article >>> ( guanosine 5'-triphosphate): A nucleotide that is a precursor in RNA synthesis, which plays a role in protein synthesis (as well as in signal transduction and microtubule assembly). See a...

Sequence

...lectrons during the redox reaction s that release energy used to make ATP . electronegativity The tendency for an atom to pull electrons toward itself. Full article >>> The sequence of this human genome was only a sequence of the referenced genome . And if you look at it alone, y...

Seminal vesicles

... fructose to sperm . The fructose serves as an energy source. The structures that add fructose and ho...te gland . [View] These fluids provide a source of energy ( fructose ) and perhaps in other ways provide an optimum chemical environment for the sperm . F...

Scale

...garithmic scale of 1 to 10 used to express the energy released by an earthquake By Wordnet Dictionary ... Full article >>> History of the time scale The principles underlying geologic (geological) time scale s were laid down by Nicholas Steno in the late 17th century. Full article ...

S phase

...is phase of catabolism releases large amounts of energy (in the form of ATP ). One use to which this energy is put is to run the anabolic activities of the cell . Full article >>> In this phas...

Respiration

...h molecule s such as glucose are converted into energy usable for life processes, ... Full article >..., like glucose , to carbon dioxide and water. The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell...

Repulsion

...;>> Overcoming this repulsion requires energy ( activation energy ), which is typically provided by the heat of the system; i.e. Full article >>> An el...

Residue

...denosine triphosphate ". A relatively stable, high energy molecule used to fuel chemical reactions within cells . Full article >>> Attachment of methyl groups (-CH3) to DNA most commonly at cytosine residue s. May be involved in regulation of gene expression . Also may prevent some ...

Reduction

...nthetic cells . photosynthesis The use of light energy to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. Full article >>> The reduction division process by which haploid gametes and spore s are formed, consisting of a single duplication of the genetic material followed...

Redox reaction

...ng force driving these reactions is the Gibbs free energy of the reactants and products. Full article >...; Redox reaction s in biology Much biological energy is stored and released by means of redox reaction s. Photosynthesis involves the reduction of c...

Receptor

...een pigment s functioning as receptor s of light energy in photosynthesis ; magnesium-porphyrin complexes. chloroplasts Chlorophyll -containing photosynthetic organelles in some eukaryotic cells . Full article >>> If I've been at all clear, you'll see that once an animal has differ...

Radius

...→ Atomic radius decreases → Ionization energy increases → Electronegativity increases → Group 1 ... Full article >>> Where h0 is the radius of the sphere, M is the mass of the sphere, and G is the gravitational constant. Full article >>> Many other such...

Pyruvic acid

...rbon dioxide). When the carbon dioxide is removed, energy is given off, and NAD+ is converted into the higher energy form NADH. Full article >>> Pyruvic acid Acetoacetic acid Lactic acid (2-hydroxyp...

Proton-motive force

... inner mithochondrial membrane. It is generated by energy from the citric acid cycle and is utilized in th...;> Proton-motive force In all cells , the energy storage and utilization process involves the Proton-motive force in some step. This can be describ...

Producers

Producers ( autotrophs ) utilise energy from the sun and nutrients from the abiotic envir...cers : organ isms within an ecosystem that trap energy (by photosynthesis ). progesterone : a hormone produced by the corpus luteum that regulates th...

Predation

...cers : organ isms within an ecosystem that trap energy (by photosynthesis ). Full article >>... destroys. The ingestion of prey by a predator for energy and nutrients. Full article >>> Predation when a larger animal eats other (small...

Potential energy

Potential energy is energy which depends on mutual positions of bodies. Full article >>> Potential energy (U, ...

Polysaccharides

...les , lipids , polysaccharides , etc.; producing energy for these syntheses and for maintenance of the cell ) ... Full article >>> The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded; consists of protein and polysaccharides . extraembryonic membranes Four membranes ( yolk ...

Polysaccharide

...omposed exclusively of glucose units, used as an energy store in plant cells . steroids - hydrophobic ...lex nutrient molecule s, such as glucose , as an energy source. Full article >>> David Wilson (Cornell University): Study genes coding for p...

Plant

... s, some algae , and some bacteria obtain their energy from light. The light energy is used to bond molecule s of carbon dioxide together to form sugar ( glucose ). The energy is stor...

Pigment

... The green pigment of plant s that captures the energy from sunlight necessary for photosynthesis . chlo...article >>> Pigment s capture light energy in much the same way as an antenna captures a radio or tv signal. This drives biochemical reaction...

Phycology

...ral different groups of living things that produce energy through photosynthesis . They are generally regarded as simple plant s, and some are related to the higher plant s. Full article >>> Lee, R. E. 1989. Phycology (2nd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Levin, D. A. 1...

Phototropism

... An energy- conversion device that captures solar energy and directly converts it to electrical current. Full article >>> Phototropism growing or leaning in response to light (photo = light; tropo = turn change) Physiology the study of the functioning of the various body parts (physio ...

Photosystem

...plexes that catalyze the conversion of the light energy captured in excited chlorophyll molecule s to useful forms ... Full article >>> photosystem I The second part of the Z-scheme in which a chlorophyll a molecule absorbs most effectively at 700 nm. photosystem II The first par...

Photorespiration

...h green plant s and some bacteria capture light energy and use it to produce chemical bonds. Full article >>> The product of that re action forms glycolic acid, a chemical that can be broken down by photorespiration , producing neither NADH nor ATP , in effect dismantling the Calvin Cyc...

Photophosphorylation

...Photophosphorylation is the process of converting energy from a light-excited electron into the pyrophospha...horylation The formation of ATP utilizing light energy in photosynthesis . photo pigment A molecule in visual receptor cells (e.g., rhodopsin ) th...

Photosynthesis

..., some bacteria , and some protist s convert the energy of sunlight to chemical energy. Full article >...s the synthesis of organ ic molecule s using the energy of light. For the sugar glucose (one of the most abundant products of photosynthesis ) the equati...

Photon

...tate of a charged particle, from a state of higher energy to a state of lower energy. Full article >...he pigment molecule s in the antenna pass their energy to nearby pigment molecule s until it is eventually passed to a special molecule of chlorophyl...

Photolysis

...hydrogen split from the oxygen , because of light energy present on chlorophyll Source: Noland, George B....orbed by the chlorophyll is turned into chemical energy which is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen . Full article >>> Water phot...

Photoautotroph

...rgy. [ Photosynthesis ] Chemo autotrophs use the energy secured by oxidizing some inorganic substance in t...h-aw-toh-trohf) An organ ism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organ ic compound s from carbon dioxide. Full article >>> ...

Phosphorylation

... molecule , usually associated with the storage of energy in the covalent bond that is also formed. Full ar... the point at which the major portion of metabolic energy is released. phosphodiester linkage - covalent bond that joins the 5' and 3' carbon atoms to form ...

Phosphodiester Bond

...posed exclusively of glucose units used to store energy in animal cells ... Full article >>> phosphodiesterase - enzyme that cleaves a phosphodiester bond , for example, that which cleaves cAMP into AMP. phosphorylate - to add phosphate; e.g., to a protein to alter its function. F...

Phosphate group

... phosphate group A functional group important in energy trans fer. phospholipid s ... Full article >>> phosphate group A chemical group composed of a central phosphorous bonded to three or four oxygen s. The net charge on the group is negative. PICTURE ... Full article >>>...

Phage

...esses necessary for life. Pigment s capture light energy in much the same way as an antenna captures a radio or tv signal. Full article >>> Phage : A virus which infects a bacteria l cell . Also called a Bacterio phage . Purine : A nitrogen- containing, double ring compound that oc...

Parasites

...s e.g. Plasmodium The plant -like algae produce energy through photosynthesis . They include many single-celled creatures that are also considered protozoa , such as Euglena. Full article >>> the study of parasites and their relationships. The University of Aberystwyth has a parasitol...

Oxygen

... steps to two molecule s of lactic acid, yielding energy in the form of ATP . Full article >>> Addition of methyl groups to selected ribose oxygen s (65 in 28S and 40 in 18S segment s) and methylation of 5 bases in the 28S segment . Cleavage of the ETS-18S boundary. Cleavage of...

Oxidation

... the point at which the major portion of metabolic energy is released. Full article >>> Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms. Oxidation reactions release energy. Reduction is gain of electrons or hydrogen atoms and is associated with...

Osmosis

...through a membrane channel that requires no direct energy (like ATP ). A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> All societies inculcate the mores and practices of the group into their young. Such processes may occur as if by intellectual osmosis , but often f...

Organelles

...elles that function in oxidative metabolism and energy production; they carry their own DNA and are imp...ochondria Small organelles in the cell where energy from electron trans port between molecule s is converted into energy for biological activity. Mit...

Organelle

...hondria Small organelle s in the cell where energy from electron trans port between molecule s is converted into energy for biological activity. Mitochondria also possess their own genome , which is inherited maternal...