down

Vascular cambium

...m is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down by the apical meristem . Secondary phloem is laid down by the vascular cambium to the inside of the established layer(s) of phloem . Categories: Plant ...

Urine

...ull article >>> de- from, away from, down from de novo pathway Pathway for synthesis of a bio molecule from simple precursors, such as synthesis of p urine nucleotide s from Asp, CO2, Gly, formate and Glu: Distinguish from a salvage pathway. Full article >>> dRTA ( distal...

Ureter

...ssing from the renal pelvis out of the hilus and down to the bladder. Full article >>> Smooth muscle or " involuntary muscle " is found within the walls of organ s and structures such as the o esophagus , stomach , intestine s, bronchi , uterus , ureter s , bladder, and blood ve...

Upstream

...ream is relative to a transcription unit : up to down is the direction of transcription . Other Resources ... Full article >>> A convention on DNA related to the position and direction of transcription by RNA polymerase (5'3'). Downstream (or 3' to) is in the direction of transc...

Tympanic membrane

...nvironment s. Full article >>> pass down the auditory canal of the outer ear strike the eardrum ( tympanic membrane ) causing it to vibrate these vibrations are trans mitted across the middle ear by three tiny, linked bones, the ossicles: ... Full article >>>...

Trans

...ort Trans port of a molecule across a membrane down a concentration gradient which does not require the input of energy. -pathy disease of, suffering pathogenic Disease-causing. Full article >>> Dispersal (sensu ecology ): the trans port of propagules away from the parent. Diver...

Trait

...ng, or being. Trait s that are genetic are passed down through the genes from parents to offspring . transgenic : Containing genes from another species . Full article >>> Trait s are usually quantified by measurement rather than counting. Two or more gene pairs contribute to the ph...

T cell

...hat produce antibodies . Supressor T cells slow down and stop the immune response of B and T cells , serving as an off switch for the immune system . Full article >>> T cell receptor s play a major role in immunity and autoimmune diseases. For this reason, their genomic sequence ...

Suppressor

...> suppressor T cells T cells that slow down and stop the immune response of B cells and other T cells . Immune system cells that shut off the antibody production when an infection is under control. Full article >>> Suppressor gene A gene that can suppress the a...

Survival

... such as survival and reproduction , all broken down according to age class es Litter. Accumulations of dead leaves in various states of fragmentation and decomposition Locus . See Genetic locus ... Full article >>> nutrient -- Any element or simple compound necessary for the healt...

Supercoil

...in under 3 minutes. Sizing range has been extended down to 287 base pair s. Efforts continue to extend the upper limit beyond 167,000 bases . Full article >>> -tomy cut topoisomerase s Enzymes that introduce positive or negative supercoil s in closed, circular duplex DNA . toxins Pr...

Style

...alk ] In angiosperm s, the stalk of a carpel , down which the pollen tube grows. Full article >...erminate forming pollen tube s that begin to grow down the style . Full article >>> Note that this is a mutation that is favorable in mod...

Stroma

...>> The energy released as electrons pass down the gradient between photosystem II and photosystem I is harnessed by the cytochrome b6/f complex to pump protons (H+) against their concentration gradient from the stroma of the chloroplast into the ... Full article >>> Th...

Sieve tubes

...nnected into sieve tubes ). Fluids can move up or down within the phloem , and are trans located from one place to another. Sources are places where sugars are being produced. Full article >>> Because of this multi-directional flow, coupled with the fact that sap cannot with ease move be...

Secondary xylem

...#62;> In perennial plant s, xylem is laid down in multiple phases. Primary xylem is one of the ...y the apical meristem . Secondary xylem is laid down by vascular cambium on the outside of the xylem column. Contents ... Full article >>...

Secondary phloem

...m is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down by the apical meristem . Secondary phloem is laid down by the vascular cambium to the inside of the established layer(s) of phloem . Categories: Plant ...

Scale

...ying geologic (geological) time scale s were laid down by Nicholas Steno in the late 17th century. Full article >>> Effective immediately, projects to construct libraries for large- scale DNA sequencing must obtain Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval before work is initiated. IRBs...

Saprophytes

...lution. Such organ isms are important in breaking down dead organ ic material. Full article >>&... saprophytes : they obtain their food by breaking down and absorbing surrounding materials. Full article >>> decomposition -- The breakdown ...

RNAi

...completely. RNAi is sometimes considered a knock down technique. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>>...

Repression

...#62;>> The repression proteins break down the m RNA by removing its "cap" removing its poly(A) tail degrading the remaining message (nibbling away in the 5' -> 3' direction) ... Full article >>> As expected, disruption of fur also resulted in de repression of genes p...

Replication

... DNA replication , keeping their mutation rate down to acceptably low levels; conversely, ... Full article >>> Eukaryotic DNA polymerase s participate in chromosomal replication , repair, crossing -over and mitochondria l replication . To initiate replication , DNA polymerase s r...

Recessive

...hich the person does not have the ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. The level of phenylalanine in the persons blood builds up and interferes with the development of the nervous system . Full article >>> Heterozygous recessive trait s In some instances, efforts to e...

Recessive gene

...hich the person does not have the ability to break down the amino acid phenylalanine. The level of phenylalanine in the persons blood builds up and interferes with the development of the nervous system . Full article >>> An X-linked recessive gene tic disease, caused by a mutation in ...

Pyruvic acid

...lar respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down and the energy in its molecule s is used to form ...step that yeast use after glycolysis that breaks down pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ...

Purine

...ull article >>> de- from, away from, down from de novo pathway Pathway for synthesis of a bio molecule from simple precursors, such as synthesis of purine nucleotide s from Asp, CO2, Gly, formate and Glu: Distinguish from a salvage pathway. Full article >>> The minima of t...

Protons

...neutrons, and electrons, that cannot further break down by chemical means. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> neutron Uncharged atomic particles of essentially the same mass as protons . In the most common stable atoms the number of neutrons is equival...

Protein

...sine residue s. Proteolytic. The ability to break down protein molecule s. Pro virus . See virus . Full article >>> protein synthesis The assemblage of protein as determined by the nucleotide sequence of a messenger RNA and the assistance of transfer RNA aligning amino aci...

Proteasome

...s are complex structures inside cells that break down proteins . Full article >>> Proteasome A proteasome is a barrel-shaped multi- protein complex that can digest other proteins into short polypeptide s and amino acids in an ATP -driven re action . Full article >>...

Primary Structure

...the linear amino acid sequence -you could write down on a piece of paper the primary structure of a protein . Full article >>> The process of protein synthesis whereby the primary structure of the protein is determined by the nucleotide sequence in m RNA . Full article >...

Potential energy

...ple, a ball located at the top of a hill will roll down the hill. Full article >>> potential energy The energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement. predation ... Full article >>> potential energy Stored energy that is latent but available...

Pollen tube

...62; In angiosperm s, the stalk of a carpel , down which the pollen tube grows. substrate [L. substratus, strewn under] ... Full article >>> This less appreciated mechanism is the basis for differential fertilization which includes sperm selection as opposed to pollen select...

Pollen grain

...erminate forming pollen tube s that begin to grow down the style . Full article >>> After the pistil is pollinated, the pollen grain germinates in a response to a sugary fluid secreted by the mature stigma . From each pollen grain , a pollen tube grows out attempting to travel int...

Pigment

...thetic pigment s made up of isoprene units. cata- down catabolism The phase of intermediary metabolism concerned with the energy-yielding degradation of nutrient molecule s. Full article >>> Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other erupt...

Photorespiration

...forms glycolic acid, a chemical that can be broken down by photorespiration , producing neither NADH nor ATP , in effect dismantling the Calvin Cycle. Full article >>>...

Pathogen

... Sewage treatment plant s use bacteria to break down organ ic matter into inorganic nutrients. Full article >>> vaccine (vaccination) - material used to induce specific protective immunity to a pathogen . Vaccination is an artificial introduction of a killed or attenuated pathogen ...

Passive transport

...ion ) - movement of a molecule across a membrane down its concentration gradient peripheral membrane...ort Trans port of a molecule across a membrane down a concentration gradient which does not require the input of energy. -pathy disease of, suffering ...

Parallelism

...minimum mechanical motion, and then places it back down on the moving belt. Full article >>> Phenetic class ifications are plagued by problems of convergence and parallelism , but are useful in their attempt to objectify the class ification process. Full article >>>...

Ovulation

... of the fallopian tube and begins to move slowly down it. Full article >>> ovulation The release of the oocyte onto the surface of the ovary ; occurs at the midpoint of the ovarian cycle. Full article >>> Ovulation occurs approximately once every 28 days. Females ovula...

Osteocyte

...62;>> osteocyte s Bone cell s that lay down new bone; found in the concentric layers of compact bone. Bone cell , a type of connective tissue . PICTURE ... Full article >>> osteocyte A bone cell that is character istic of adult bone, has developed from an osteoblast, and ...

Nutrition

...lution. Such organ isms are important in breaking down dead organ ic material. Full article >>> In cage two the katydids were allowed to feed on the pollen, but were also provided a nutrition al supplement (the experimental cage). Full article >>> Granular, rod-shaped, or ...

Nucleoside

...ucleic acid digestion , when nucleotidases break down nucleotide s (such as the thymine nucleotide ) into nucleoside s (such as thymidine) and phosphate. Full article >>> A synthetic molecule that resembles a naturally occuring nucleoside , but that lacks a bond site needed to l...

Nodes of Ranvier

...l s are able to jump from one node to the next one down the neuron incredibly rapidly. Full article >>> which is formed by either of two types of glial cells : Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neuron s and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system . Along ...

Nitrogenous base

...r" of phosphate and ribose molecule s (de = from down out; deoxy = without oxygen ) ... Full article >>> DNA is composed of units called nucleotide s. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group , a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base . Full article >>> poin...

Niche

...the "anammox" process - organ isms that can break down ammonia in wastewater anaerobic ally; this ecological niche has been postulated for many years, ... Full article >>> Niche The place in a biological community occupied by a particular species in its relation to other species ....

Neuron

...ion ) - movement of a molecule across a membrane down its concentration gradient ... Full article >>> neuron (nerve cell ) the structural unit of the nervous system , usually consisting of the cell body and cytoplasm ic extensions. Full article >>> [Gr. neuron -...

Mycorrhizae

...and lichens as well as their potency in breaking down complex organ ic biomolecules such as wood as well as xenobiotics, a critical step in the global carbon cycle. Full article >>> Mycorrhizae . Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plant s. N Nation...

Monosaccharides

...ull article >>> Enzyme that breaks down certain disaccharides into monosaccharides . This site is dependent on visitors like you. If you think you can add more to this definition or see a correction that needs to be made, click on the EDIT button below and fix it. Full article >...

Molecule

...ort Trans port of a molecule across a membrane down a concentration gradient which does not require the input of energy. -pathy disease of, suffering pathogenic Disease-causing. Full article >>> DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid is the double-helix molecule holding the genetic infor...

Menstruation

...he process in which the uterine endometrium breaks down and sheds cells , resulting in bleeding; occurs approximately once a month. The first day marks the beginning of the menstrual and ovarian cycles. PICTURE ... Full article >>> menstruation Loss of blood and tissue from the uterus...

Membranes

...energy in order to excite electrons which travel down the electron transport chain . Full article >>> The membranes of the mitochondrion divide the organelle into two distinct compartments: one within the interior of the mitochondrion , called the matrix, and a second between the ...

Macrorestriction map

...le >>> Macrorestriction map s: Top- down mapping . In top- down mapping , a single chromosome is cut (with rare- cutter restriction enzymes ) into large pieces,...

Lysozyme

...d other secretions. It is responsible for breaking down the polysaccharide walls of many kinds of bacteria and thus it provides some protection against infection. Full article >>> Lysozyme 3D structure. Lysozyme single crystal. Lysozyme is an enzyme (EC 3.2.1.17), commonly refer...

Lysosome

...vesicle s) can digest macromolecules (break them down to small compound s) that were taken in from the outside of the cell by an endocytic vesicle . Full article >>> lysosome : an organelle within eukaryotic cells ; a droplike sac filled with enzymes used for digestion within ...

Lysosomes

...vesicle s) can digest macromolecules (break them down to small compound s) that were taken in from the outside of the cell by an endocytic vesicle . Full article >>> lysosomes Membrane-enclosed organelles containing digestive enzymes . The lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles an...

Lysis

... During glyco lysis , glucose (C6) is broken down to two molecule s of pyruvate (C3). (* Compound s...iration in which glucose molecule s are broken down to form pyruvic acid molecule s. Full article >>> Glyco lysis the chemical proc...

Liver

... and muscle s. Between meals, the liver breaks down glycogen to glucose in order to keep the blood glucose concentration stable. Full article >>> low shrubs, sedges, reindeer mosses, liver worts , and grasses 400 varieties of flower s crustose and foliose lichen ... Fu...

Krebs cycle

...lar respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down and the energy in its molecule s is used to form high-energy compound s. A-D E-K L-P R-Z ... Full article >>> Pyruvate: the Krebs cycle Main article: Krebs cycle Each pyruvate molecule produced by glycolysis is actively tra...

Kingdom

...lar respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down and the energy in its molecule s is used to form high-energy compound s. A-D E-K L-P R-Z ... Full article >>> Kingdom : One of the major subdivisions of life; based upon basic similarities in cell structure. Five kingdom s are r...

Kinase

...sine residue s. Proteolytic. The ability to break down protein molecule s. Pro virus . See virus . Public Health Service Act. Full article >>> nucleoside monophosphate kinase An enzyme that catalyzes the trans fer of the terminal phosphate of ATP to a nucleoside 5'-monophosp...

Ion channel

...see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. Full article >>> Ion channel s are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells . By conducting and controlling the flow of ions, these pore-forming proteins help establish the small...