damage

Xeroderma pigmentosum

...s of those cells are deficient in repair of DNA damage . Full article >>> Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) XP is a rare inherited disease of human s which, among other things, predisposes the patient to pigment ed lesions on areas of the skin exposed to the sun and an elevated incidence of ...

Virulence

...e Degree of pathogenic ity of an agent; how much damage the agent can cause. virus A submicroscopic noncellular particle composed of a nucleo protein core and a protein shell ; parasitic; will grow and reproduce in a host cell . Full article >>> virulence . The relative infectious...

Variety

...ety of genes as a response to high levels of DNA damage . Full article >>> The variety of proteins in the cytoplasm ic membrane in prokaryotes is greater because of the significantly greater number of functions performed by it. Full article >>> Proteins may be modifi...

Uric acid

...tent antioxidant and thus can protect cells from damage by re active oxygen species (ROS). [Link] The concentration of uric acid is 100-times greater in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid. Full article >>> uric acid [Gk. ouron, urine ] An insoluble precipitate of nitroge...

Transformation

...NA . Recombination also contributes to repair of damage in DNA . Full article >>> Darwin did think that the transformation would be slow, but he did not think that it would be "even". Darwin did not think that the transformation would involve large numbers, and certainly not the entire...

Transcription

...DNA . Full article >>> Repair of UV damage in the short term occurs preferentially on the trans cribed strand . Proteins involved in mismatch repair are involved in this repair. This repair, called transcription coupled repair, is not mismatch repair . Full article >>>...

Transcript

...DNA . Full article >>> Repair of UV damage in the short term occurs preferentially on the trans cribed strand . Proteins involved in mismatch repair are involved in this repair. This repair, called transcript ion coupled repair, is not mismatch repair . Full article >>...

Thymine

...djacent thymine bases in DNA , resulting from damage by ultra-violet irradiation. The cellular processes that repair this lesion often make errors that create mutation s. Full article >>> One of the four bases in DNA that make up the letters ATGC, thymine is the "T". The others ar...

Tendons

...le at the same time remaining compliant to prevent damage to the muscle tissue s. Full article >>> It is found in tendons and the organ ic part of bone. Type II collagen - Articular cartilage ... Full article >>> Sesamoid Resembling a sesame grain. A small bone forme...

Strand

...CD, occur as a direct result of some types of DNA damage . They are also found at the ends of some phage DNA s. Full article >>> Crick strand Sense DNA strand or partner strand that is complement ary to template for RNA transcription . Related ... Full article >>&...

Stalk

...jaws. Full article >>> But the real damage is done when they tunnel into the stalk itself, and they interrupt the flow of nutrients, the arteries of the plant , if you will, as the sugars and starch es flow from the root, ... Full article >>> During the day, the rods are ...

Root cap

...ls that protects the meristem from abrasion and damage as the root tip grows through the soil. Full article >>>...

Reversal

Some damage to DNA is repaired by direct reversal . Facts Thymine dimer s can be directly converted to unlinked thymine s by three means: exposure to low wavelength UV radiation; photosensitization by tryptophan or tryptophan containing peptides ; ... ...

RecA protein

...streplicative gaps caused by various types of DNA damage . The RecA protein , stimulated by single- strand ed DNA , ... Full article >>> in radioactive mixed waste environment s and engineering of heavy metal resistance in this organ ism will be described. Finally, current attempts to ac...

Programmed cell death

...opment. It can also be a cell 's response to DNA damage and virus infection. Full article >>> Programmed cell death , the body's normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> ...

Plant

... possessed by a plant that reduces the degree of damage to the plant by a pest or pests. Hyper parasite : A parasite whose host is another parasite . Indigenous: Native to an area. Full article >>> 2963. Plant ar syphilid Number of views: 28 2964. Plant ar tendon sheath of perone...

Pistil

...r more carpel s. More info? pith -- To severely damage the brain of a frog, also any central region of parenchyma tissue within a plant stem . Full article >>> pistil : the structure of the flower that contains a stigma , a style , and an ovary . pith : the structure at the cen...

Pith

...ll article >>> pith -- To severely damage the brain of a frog, also any central region of parenchyma tissue within a plant stem . Full article >>> pith The core of the central vascular cylinder of monocot roots , consisting of parenchyma cells , which are ringed by ...

Pigment

...s of those cells are deficient in repair of DNA damage . Full article >>> hemoglobin : a red pigment that binds oxygen and carbon dioxide molecule s and carries them through the bloodstream. herbivores : animals that eat plant s. heterotrophic : species that acquire food from ...

Physiology

...c rates than men, likely leading to less oxidative damage to cells . Full article >>> Chemostats have been used for the last fifty years in the study of the physiology , population biology and ecology of bacteria and a variety of other small organ isms. Full article >>&#...

Phospholipid

...e >>> Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipid s, proteins and nucleic acids . This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging. Full article >>> PLCβ hy...

Phagocytosis

...> It can also be a cell 's response to DNA damage and virus infection. Character istics of apoptosis include activation of a Caspase pathway, digestion of structural proteins , degradation of chromosomal DNA , and phagocytosis of the cell . Full article >>>...

Parasitism

...it gets its nourishment, and to whom it does some damage ... Full article >>> parasitism The condition of an organ ism living in or on another organ ism ( host ) at whose expense the parasite is maintained; destructive symbiosis . Full article >>> parasitism : a type o...

Nucleotide

... article >>> The recognition of DNA damage in nucleotide excision repair (NER) is less spe...c than in BER and can thus repair a wider range of damage types. Some proteins (TFIIH, for example) and thus their genes are multifunctional. Full article...

Nucleic acids

...e >>> Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipid s, proteins and nucleic acids . This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging. Full article >>> Another adva...

Nucleic acid

...e >>> Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipid s, proteins and nucleic acid s . This damage may be a major cause of degenerative disease and aging. Full article >>> Southern bl...

Neuroglia

..., maintaining ionic balance, clean up after cell damage or death, etc.). Full article >>> Examples of CAM's specific to neural systems include N-CAM, neuroglia l CAM or NgCAM, TAG-1, MAG, and DCC, all of which are part of the immunoglobulin super family . Full article >>> ...

NADPH

... Activity Strong oxidants like the various ROS can damage other molecule s and the cell structures of which they are a part. Full article >>> NADPH and ATP are used to synthesize organ ic molecule s from CO2. The ratio of NADPH to ATP production can be adjusted by adjusting the b...

Mutation

... overview and possible patho physiology of cell damage Steven M.Rothman ... Full article >>> Mutation s are changes in the DNA . Frameshift A frameshift mutation is usually severe, producing a completely nonfunctional protein . Full article >>> A permanent structura...

Mutagen

...gen s Agents, such as chemicals or radiation, that damage or alter genetic material ( DNA ) in cells . Full article >>> Mutagen : An agent capable of causing mutation s. Common examples are ultraviolet light, such as in sunlight, and anthracene, a material formed during the cooking of fa...

Mitochondria

...ectron trans port. Superoxide initiates oxidative damage to phospholipid s, proteins and nucleic acids . Full article >>> The genetic material of the mitochondria , the organelles that generate energy for the cell . explained: Listen to a detailed explanation. Full article >&#...

Mispairing

...icle >>> Tautomerisms only represent damage when they cause mispairing during replication . The inherent chemical instability of nucleotide s is sufficient that, if uncorrected, the information in genome s would degenerate in a few generations. Full article >>> inversion ...

Metabolism

...c rates than men, likely leading to less oxidative damage to cells . Full article >>> (See RNA .) Metabolism . The biochemical processes that sustain a living cell or organ ism. Metallothionein. A protective protein that binds heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead. Microbe . A mic...

Message

...se to stress, such as nutrient deprivation or DNA damage , as explained by Chiarugi and Moskowitz in their previously mentioned article on PARP-1. Full article >>> In the brain, message s are passed between two neuron s (nerve cells ) via a synapse , a small gap between the cells . The ...

Mating

...nsity of organ isms (pests or natural enemies) or damage by examining a defined portion of the crop . Scouting, Scout: see Sampling. Septicemia: Blood poisoning caused by pathogenic organ isms. Full article >>> Hardy-Weinberg Law -- the concept that both gene frequencies and genotype ...

Lungs

... are chronically anemic and experience significant damage to their heart , lungs , ... Full article >>>...

LexA

...by RecA protein , which becomes activated by DNA damage , and stimulates the auto proteolysis of several other proteins , including the LexA protein and the lambda cI repressor protein . Full article >>> The region in the promoter of various genes that is recognized by the Lex...

Kinase

...ontain an ADP-ribosylase that is activated by DNA damage . Full article >>> cyclin - protein active in regulating the cell cycle , typically synthesized and degraded during the cell cycle to regulate the activity of a cyclin-dependent kinase . Full article >>> Calcium bi...

Kidney

...62;>> Disease of the kidney s caused by damage to the small blood vessels or to the units in the kidney s that clean the blood. Full article >>> [L. renes - the kidney s; L. corpusculum - a body]. The filtration unit found in the cortex of the kidney s and made up of Bowman'...

IS element

...ike animals , have special ways to avoid cellular damage due to this element (and in fact require it to live.) Initially, when oxygen began building up in the environment , it was neutralized by materials already present. Full article >>> The insertion s can be class ified by their seq...

In vivo

...ction and cell death following hypoxic/ischaemic damage to the new-born brain Chris E.Cooper ... Full article >>> In vivo gene therapy treats cells in the individual without removing them. Retrovirus es can be used to introduce genes directly into the body. Full article >>>...

Hydroxyl radical

...cal scavengers, thus increasing resistance to DNA damage by hydroxyl radical s. High levels of two oxygen toxicity defense enzymes , superoxide dismutase and catalase , are also found in D. radiodurans. Full article >>>...

Host

... possessed by a plant that reduces the degree of damage to the plant by a pest or pests. Full article >>> Host -range The strain or species specificity of a bacteriophage , plasmid , or pathogen . Hot spot A region that is especially susceptible to mutation s. Mutation s occur...

Helicase

...case activity, trans locates on the DNA . At a damage site , recognized by the uvrB protein , uvrA subunits dissociate. The uvrC protein is recruited. Each uvrB and uvrC make endonucleolytic cuts. Full article >>> A complex of two proteins , a primase and a helicase , that init...

Hela cell

...r homogeneity from HeLa cell s, the specific DNA damage binding activity copurified with polypeptide s of 124 and 41 kDa [3]. Full article >>>...

Glial cells

..., maintaining ionic balance, clean up after cell damage or death, etc.). Full article >>> This paper describes the pharmacological approach to understand the molecular components of inflammation and oxidative stress on the activation of micro glial cells and neuron al cell viability . ...

Follicles

...62; hair follicles and anti cancer drugs also damage these — producing many of the unpleasant side effects of "chemo". Full article >>> [L. primordialis - origin al]. An immature ovarian follicle that will develop into successively more mature follicles as the oocyte matures. F...

Exogenous DNA

...NA . Recombination also contributes to repair of damage in DNA . Full article >>> The process by which exogenous DNA in solution is introduced into cells . The introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... ...

Environmental damage

...is resistant to almost all kinds of environmental damage ; especially important in the evolution ary move ...uous. For example, investigators may intentionally damage DNA to create mutation s using environment al agents, and replication errors can result from p...

Environment

...uous. For example, investigators may intentionally damage DNA to create mutation s using environment al ... result from prior spontaneous or environment al damage . Full article >>> An organ ism dependent on obtaining organ ic food from the envi...

DNA replication

...ead to mutation s. Certain gene product s repair damage to chromosomes , thereby minimizing mutation s in the cell . Full article >>> For example, most living things have evolved elaborate molecular machinery that checks for and corrects errors during the process of DNA replication , ke...

DNA repair

...#62; DNA Repair Multiple systems for repairing damage to DNA have evolved, probably because of the imp...asionizing radiation, UV light, and chemicals, can damage DNA . Full article >>> DNA repair genes Genes encoding proteins that correct err...

DNA damage

DNA damage , repair, and mutation . Mutation s arise through damage to DNA that has not been repaired. DNA rearrangements. Site-specific recombination and trans...

DNA

...2; DNA Repair Multiple systems for repairing damage to DNA have evolved, probably because of the imp...asionizing radiation, UV light, and chemicals, can damage DNA . Full article >>> DNA fingerprinting Method of isolating and visualizing of...

Division

...62;> Cell division does not happen until damage is repaired. Transcription signals a strand -p...mbination and DNA repair can be induced by DNA damage . Full article >>> Cell division in multicellular organ isms enables the organ ...

Dimer

... which cells are able to repair certain kinds of damage ( dimer ized pyrimidine s) in their DNA . excitation Electron movement caused by light striking the chlorophyll molecule . Full article >>> AP-1 is actually a complex between c-fos protein and c-jun protein , or sometimes is ...

Dengue fever

...ators for flower ing plant s, as well as for the damage they do annually to crops, and the diseases they trans mit (malaria, some forms of encephalitis, Dengue Fever , etc.). Full article >>>...

Crop

...nsity of organ isms (pests or natural enemies) or damage by examining a defined portion of the crop . Scouting, Scout: see Sampling. Septicemia: Blood poisoning caused by pathogenic organ isms. Full article >>>...

Collateral

...nd with oxidative molecule s that do collateral damage to the healthy ... Full article >>> This approach will allow us to reference external data bases when adequate ones are available (e.g., citations, taxonomy , sequence ) for on-line access. It also allows us to make major changes in...

Cells

...ontain an ADP-ribosylase that is activated by DNA damage . Full article >>> Cells with the same genetic material are observed to behave very differently when confronted with different microenvironments. Full article >>> Cells : The basic units of life. All living organ i...