complement

Wild type

...een the base at the 3' end of a codon and the complement ary base at the 5' end of the anticodon . A B C DE F G HI J K LM N O PQ R S TU V WX Y Z ... Full article >>> A wild type allele is an allele which is considered to be "normal" for the organ ism in question, as opposed to a mu...

Vertebrates

...haracter istic of the majority of the chromosomal complement . Full article >>> coli ( Escherichia coli ) A common bacterium found in the small intestine of vertebrates ; the most well-studied organ ism. electrochemical gradient The sum of the gradients of concentration and of electric charg...

Urine

... transversion s. Full article >>> complement ary base pair s - base -pairing between a larger...s rules showed that A = T and G = C, so there was complement ary base pair ing of a p urine with a pyrimidine , giving the correct width for the helix. The ...

Uracil

...A , but uracil replaces thymine as the base complement ary to adenine . Full article >>> ...eic acid produced during transcription that is complement ary to a DNA strand ; similar to DNA in structure but contains the carbohydrate ribose and th...

Transformation

...rates them and is incorporated into their genetic complement , so that their progeny inherit the genetic character s so acquired. Full article >>> transformation - morphological changes in a lymph ocyte associated with the onset of division . Also used to denote the change to the autonomo...

Transfer RNA

...es with triplet nucleotide sequence s that are complement ary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequence s... in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complement ary base triplet, or codon , in a messenger RNA molecule . See Codon , Messenger RNA , RNA ...

Transcriptome

...rticle >>> Transcriptome The full complement of activated genes, m RNA s, or transcript s in a particular tissue at a particular time Transfection The introduction of foreign DNA into a host cell . See also: cloning vector , gene therapy ... Full article >>> Trans...

Transcription factor

...ntrol gene expression . Transcriptome The full complement of activated genes, m RNA s, or transcript s in a particular tissue at a particular time ... Full article >>> Transcription factor : A protein which is involved in the transcription of genes. These usually bind to DNA as par...

Transcription

...2;> transcription : the process in which a complement ary strand of m RNA is synthesized according to the nitrogenous base code of DNA . transgenic animals : animals in which one or more genes have been introduced into the nonreproductive cells . Full article >>> transcriptio...

Transcriptase

... retrovirus -infected cells that synthesizes a complement ary (c) DNA strand from an RNA template . R...iptase . cDNA library . A library composed of complement ary copies of cellular m RNA s. (See Library .) Cellular oncogene ( proto-oncogene ). Full artic...

Transcript

...> transcript ion : the process in which a complement ary strand of m RNA is synthesized according to the nitrogenous base code of DNA . transgenic animals : animals in which one or more genes have been introduced into the nonreproductive cells . Full article >>> transcript ...

Trans-

... dimer . Because this process is not based upon complement ary base pair ing, the wrong base pair s may be insert ed, resulting in a mutation . Full article >>> Trans- NIH Mouse Initiative Audios of speakers at the May meeting, Genes and Society: Impact of New Technologies on Law, Medic...

Tracheophytes

... phloem . transcription : the process in which a complement ary strand of m RNA is synthesized according to the nitrogenous base code of DNA . Full article >>> Tracheophytes Development of the root- stem - leaf vascular system nonvascularized body ( thallus ) that may be variously ...

Tracheophyte

... phloem . transcription : the process in which a complement ary strand of m RNA is synthesized according to the nitrogenous base code of DNA . Full article >>> Tracheophyte s Development of the root- stem - leaf vascular system nonvascularized body ( thallus ) that may be variousl...

Thymine

...ation . Full article >>> A pair of complement ary nitrogenous base s in a DNA molecule -- ad...A , but uracil replaces thymine as the base complement ary to adenine . This base is also a pyrimidine and is very similar to thymine . Full article...

Template

...le can be used as a template to synthesise the complement ary nucleotide strand . Related Terms: Deoxyri...strand of m RNA is based on the sequence of a complement ary strand of DNA . Full article >>> Template quality and quantity were assayed ...

Telomere

...r single- strand ed DNA molecule upon which a complement ary nucleotide strand is synthesized. Termination codon . Full article >>>...

T cell

...ing two daughter nuclei each having the identical complement of chromosomes as the parent cell . Full article >>> For example, what is learned about the physiology of yeast cell can also apply to human cells . The field of animal physiology extends the tools and methods of human ...

Substrate

...riptase . cDNA library . A library composed of complement ary copies of cellular m RNA s. Full article >>> channeling The direct trans fer of a re action product from the active site of one enzyme directly to the active site of a different enzyme , where it serves as a substrate . ...

Stringency

...may be allowed to hybrid ize only with its exact complement (high stringency ), ... Full article >>> These issues include relative quantitation by low- stringency PCR , the Cot effect, and problems of target vs standard titration. Full article >>>...

Strand

...Sense DNA strand or partner strand that is complement ary to template for RNA transcription . Relat...#62; : Single strand ed nucleic acid that is complement ary to the coding/ sense strand of a gene . It is then also complement ary to the m RNA produc...

Stop codon

...on s did not block the ability of the fragment to complement . Parts of the RNA sequence are complement ary to the 3' flanking sequence s of exon 1 and others to the 5' flanking sequence s of exon 2...

Sticky ends

...se pair with any DNA molecule containing the complement ary sticky end . In this case, both DNA preparations have complement ary sticky ends and thus can pair with each other when mixed. Full article >>> Tra...

Sticky end

... molecule that are capable of hybrid izing with complement ary ends. Complement ary (copy) DNA ... Full a...se pair with any DNA molecule containing the complement ary sticky end . In this case, both DNA preparations have complement ary sticky end s and th...

Stem

...c acid molecule loops back on itself to form a complement ary double helix ( stem ) topped by a loop. A B ...ture of RNA secondary structure , in which two complement ary, inverted sequence s which are separated by a short-intervening sequence within a single str...

Start codon

...ture of RNA secondary structure , in which two complement ary, ... Full article >>> Start codon : That codon at which translation of an m RNA molecule begins. This is always an AUG (encoding methionine) in eukaryotes , and nearly always in prokaryotes . In prokaryotes N-formyl-met...

Southern blotting

...tion of specific base sequence s by radiolabeled complement ary probe s. Full article >>> Sou...ion of specific base sequence s by radio-labeled complement ary probe s. Full article >>> Southern blotting Scientists often use southern blo...

Southern blot

...tion of specific base sequence s by radiolabeled complement ary probe s. Full article >>> So...ion of specific base sequence s by radio-labeled complement ary probe s. Full article >>> Southern blot : The trans fer (by absorption ) of s...

Somatic cells

...ant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cells ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>>...

Somatic cell

...ant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cell s ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>>...

Sequence

...n of exact copies of their own sequence through complement ary pairing of nucleotide s subunits (U with A and G with C). Full article >>> Restriction enzymes cut DNA wherever their "recognition site " (usually between 4 and 8 bases in length) occurs in the DNA sequence . When there ...

Sense strand

...or DNA strand of a duplex molecule which is complement ary to that encoding a polypeptide . Full articl... trans lated or trans latable, and they call its complement " antisense ". It follows then, somewhat paradoxically, that the template for transcription is ...

Sense

...f t RNA that alters the anticodon so it is now complement ary to a non sense codon allowing the t RNA to.../ RNA : Single strand ed nucleic acid that is complement ary to the coding/ sense strand of a gene . It is then also complement ary to the m RNA produc...

Semi-conservative

...it serves as the template for the assembly of a complement ary strand . Full article >>>...

Semen

...serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complement ary strand , ... Full article >>> semen removed from the vagina of the rape victim (EVIDENCE #2); a semen stain left on the victim's clothing (EVIDENCE #1); the DNA of the victim herself (VICTIM) to be sure that the DNA di...

RNA virus

... ed antisense RNA ; that is, RNA that is the complement of the message sense . This is also called negative- strand ed RNA . Examples: measles, Ebola [Link] ... Full article >>> An RNA virus that replicates by first being converted into double- strand ed DNA by reverse transcripta...

RNA polymerase

...s the nucleotide s one by one, and synthesizes a complement ary m RNA molecule according to the principle of complement ary base pair ing. Full article >>> RNA polymerase opens the part of the DNA to ...

RNA

...s the nucleotide s one by one, and synthesizes a complement ary m RNA molecule according to the principle of complement ary base pair ing. Full article >>> RNA -- " ribonucleic acid ". The nucleic acid...

Ribonucleotides

...he synthesis of a sequence of ribonucleotides complement ary to the sequence of deoxyribonucleotide s in a molecule of DNA . [Discussion] Transcription factor A protein needed to initiate the transcription of a gene . Full article >>> The ribonucleotides are "read" by translat...

Reverse transcriptase

... retrovirus -infected cells that synthesizes a complement ary (c) DNA strand from an RNA template . R...riptase . cDNA library . A library composed of complement ary copies of cellular m RNA s. (See Library .) Cellular oncogene ( proto-oncogene ). Full artic...

Restriction fragment

... can be spliced together, provided their ends are complement ary (more below). Full article >>> A technique in which DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLP s) are used as reference marker s for mapping in relation to known genes or other RFLP loci . A B C D E F G H I J ...

Reduction

...ant daughter nuclei contain half the chromosome complement of other somatic cells ; occurs at time of gametogenesis . Synonym: reduction division . Full article >>> photo reduction The light-induced reduction of NADP in photosynthetic cells . photosynthesis The use of light energy ...

Recombinant DNA

...nt DNA techniques. genome - complete haploid complement of DNA (including all genes) from the chromosomes of the nucleus of an organ ism. Full article >>> A set of biological techniques developed through basic research and now applied to research and product development. In particul...

Recombinant

...t DNA techniques. genome - complete haploid complement of DNA (including all genes) from the chromosomes of the nucleus of an organ ism. Full article >>> A set of biological techniques developed through basic research and now applied to research and product development. In particul...

Pyrimidine

...s rules showed that A = T and G = C, so there was complement ary base pair ing of a purine with a pyrimidin...y of sequence s. Full article >>> complement ary base pair s - base -pairing between a larger purine base ( adenine or guanine ) and a sm...

Purine

... transversion s. Full article >>> complement ary base pair s - base -pairing between a larger...s rules showed that A = T and G = C, so there was complement ary base pair ing of a purine with a pyrimidine , giving the correct width for the helix. The pa...

Proteome

... example, genome indicates the entire haploid complement of genetic material in an organ ism, p proteome indicates the entire set of proteins express ed by an organ ism, etc. [Source: J. Lederberg and A. McCray (2001) The Scientist 15:8] ... Full article >>> Most importantly, while ...

Prokaryote

...w] ... Full article >>> The entire complement of genetic material in a chromosome set. The entire genetic complement of a prokaryote , virus , mitochondrion or chloroplast or the haploid nuclear genetic comp...

Probe

...fy a specific segment of DNA that carries the complement ary base sequence Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990....ybrid ize to another DNA molecule to identify complement ary base sequence s. Full article >>> Probe : A fragment of DNA or RNA which is...

Prion

...dioactive isotope, used to detect the presence of complement ary nucleotide sequence s. See Nucleotide . Prokaryote . Full article >>> (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of large Antarctic petrels which follow whaling vessels , to feed on the blubber and floating oil; especial...

Primer

Primer A short oligonucleotide complement ary to target DNA and acts as the leader for DN...;>> Primer A short oligonucleotide complement ary to a strand of DNA or RNA that is used to initiate synthesis of the complementary DNA s...

Polymerase

...ch followed by a brief heat treatment to separate complement ary strand s. Full article >>> po... a single- strand ed DNA molecule to make its complement ary strand . Eukaryotic DNA polymerase s participate in chromosomal replication , repair, cros...

Polyclonal antibodies

... in a transfer RNA molecule that pairs with a complement ary base triplet, or codon , in a messenger RNA molecule . See Codon , Messenger RNA , RNA . Antigen . Full article >>> Blood isolated from these animals contains polyclonal antibodies -- multiple antibodies that stick ...

PolyA tail

... A class of RNA molecule s, each of which is complement ary to one strand of DNA , character ized by a 5' 7-N-methyl guanine cap and a 3' polyA tail . Its function is to carry the genetic message from the chromosome to the ribosomes . Full article >>>...

Phosphodiester Bond

... molecular model of DNA in which there were two complement ary, antiparallel (side-by-side in opposite direct...;> They showed that DNA is made up of two complement ary, antiparallel strand s of the bases Guanine , Adenine , Thymine , and Cytosine , covalent...

Phagocytosis

...of chemotactic chemicals like microbial products, complement s, damaged cells and white blood cell fragments; chemotaxis is followed by adhesion, ... Full article >>> phagocytosis (fay-goh-sy-toh-sis) [Gk. phage in, to eat + kytos, vessel] A type of endocytosis involving large, particul...

Phagocyte

...of chemotactic chemicals like microbial products, complement s, damaged cells and white blood cell fragments; chemotaxis is followed by adhesion, where the phagocyte ... Full article >>> Using phagocytic cells , like macrophages and neutrophils , to gain entry into the internal environm...

PCR

...the hydrogen bond s. These bonds, which bind the complement ary strand s of DNA together in a double helix...ch followed by a brief heat treatment to separate complement ary strand s. Full article >>> (c DNA ): Single- strand ed DNA produced from an R...

Paramecium

...ar organ isms, temporary cell contact between complement ary genders and exchange of genetic material , as in the ciliate Paramecium aurelia , or one-way trans fer of genes as in bacteria (see F Factor ) and green alga Spirogyra. Full article >>> The so-called eukaryotes are repres...

Overhang

...se pair with any DNA molecule containing the complement ary sticky end . Full article >>> ... molecule that are capable of hybrid izing with complement ary ends. Complement ary (copy) DNA ... Full article >>> The end of a t RNA mole...