cleavage

Turbellarian

...cle >>> embryo produced by spiral cleavage , character ized by the absence of a blastocoel ; formed by embryo s of annelid worms, turbellarian flatworms, nemertean worms, and all molluscs except cephalopods. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>...

Trophoblast

... interface between the embryo and mother during cleavage , and subsequently forms the embryo nic portion of the placenta upon implantation into the endometrial epithelium of the uterine wall. A portion of cyto trophoblast cells ... Full article >>> trophoblast — a hollow sphere...

Tissue

... interface between the embryo and mother during cleavage , and subsequently forms the embryo nic portion of the placenta upon implantation into the endometrial epithelium of the uterine wall. Full article >>> A cDNA library that only contains those c DNA s that are express ed in a part...

Syncytium

...It is also unique among model organ isms in that cleavage occurs in a syncytium . Full article >>>...

Suppression

..., in particular the Hh-dependent suppression of cleavage that alters the balance between repressor (cleaved) and activator (uncleaved) forms, ... Full article >>> It is also hypothesized that components of semen , such as the sperm atozoa as well as the seminal plasma , can cause immun...

Sticky ends

...strand ed DNA molecule and then catalyzes the cleavage of both strand s at that site . Also called a restriction enzyme . Restriction endonuclease s may generate either blunt or sticky ends at ... Full article >>> Some restriction enzymes generate blunt ends , cutting across bo...

Secondary Structure

...dubbed the hammerhead as responsible for the self- cleavage of the RNA . Full article >>> alpha-helix Literally the first spiral arrangement of the genetic DNA molecule ; regular coiled arrangement of polypeptide chain in proteins ; secondary structure of proteins . Full article ...

Satellite RNA

...it RNA s cleave in vitro without the addition of cleavage enzymes . Full article >>> Some viroidlike molecule s get into the cell as passengers inside a conventional plant virus . These are called virus oids or viroidlike satellite RNA s. In both cases, the molecule s consists of ...

Rolling circle

...it RNA s cleave in vitro without the addition of cleavage enzymes . RNA ligation is required to reform circles. Full article >>> Rolling circle (sigma) replication A type of DNA replication where a replication fork moves around a circular DNA molecule , producing a single- s...

Ribozyme

...itis delta virus RNA which is capable of self- cleavage and self- ligation in the absence of protein ... can target RNA sequence s containing CU's for cleavage . Full article >>> Catalytic RNA ( ribozyme ). A natural or synthetic RNA molecu...

Ribosomal RNA

...itis delta virus RNA which is capable of self- cleavage and self- ligation in the absence of protein enzymes . Full article >>> r RNA : ribosomal RNA ; RNA molecule s that function to manufacture ribosomes . S salivary glands : the parotid glands, the submaxillary glands, and the...

Restriction map

...ion of a DNA molecule indicating the sites of cleavage by various restriction enzymes ... Full article >>> RESTRICTION MAP - A linear array of sites on a particular DNA which are cleaved by various selected restriction endonuclease s. RESTRICTION SITE - See RECOGNITION SEQUENC...

Restriction enzymes

...equence s within DNA and causes endonucleolytic cleavage of the DNA at a site determined by the recogn...ion of a DNA molecule indicating the sites of cleavage by various restriction enzymes ... Full article >>> binding and cleavage sites a...

Restriction enzyme

...Full article >>> Restriction The cleavage of double- strand ed DNA by an endonuclease (...ten due to the presence of a restriction enzyme cleavage site at one place in the genome in one individual and the absence of that specific site in an...

Restriction site

...ion in the distance between restriction enzyme cleavage sites that exist within a population producing unique DNA fingerprint patterns. Full article >>> (1990, PNAS 87:8242) a new YAC vector , pCGS1000, has been constructed with an EcoR 1 cloning site flanked by unique restrictio...

Restriction

...ize). Restriction results from endonucleolytic cleavage of the DNA . Full article >>> R...ion of a DNA molecule indicating the sites of cleavage by various restriction enzymes ... Full article >>> restriction endonuclease ...

Replication

...e at work. Full article >>> RNA cleavage is needed to process tandem repeats produced by rolling circle RNA replication Facts RNA cleavage . Full article >>> Dr. Lawrence Brody, of the National Human Genome Research Inst...

Proteasome

...asome activity ( proteasome inh, & deleting cleavage site ), but blocking proteolysis alone cannot ...e full induction of Hh target genes (Chen, 1999) cleavage requires Slimb (Jiang, 1998) ... Full article >>> proteasome A giant protein com...

Polyadenylation

...icle >>> Alternative selection of cleavage / polyadenylation sites: this is the only method of splicing which can produce an alternative C-terminus domain in proteins . In this case, different sets of polyadenylation sites can be spliced with the other exons . Full article >&#...

Phyla

...of Metazoa ns that exhibit indeterminate, radial cleavage and that develop a mouth independent of, and at some distance from, the blastopore . (Echinoderms and Chordates and related minor phyla ). Full article >>> The first period in the Palaeozoic era marked by the occurrence of many ...

Phosphorylation

... phosphorylation , glycosylation or proteolytic cleavage . Full article >>> The inner fluid phase has most of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and some of the urea cycle . The inner membrane contains the components of the electron transport chain . Major function is to regener...

Peptides

...active protein . One of the most common of these cleavage s is the removal of specific signal peptides . Full article >>> A method of separating large molecule s (such as DNA fragments, peptides or proteins ) from a mixture of similar molecule s. Full article >>> Short ...

Pathogenic

...it RNA s cleave in vitro without the addition of cleavage enzymes . Full article >>> A few are pathogenic . Two examples: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacterium that causes gonorrhea. In the U.S., this is one of the most common sexual ly- trans mitted diseases (STDs). Full article >...

Pathogen

...it RNA s cleave in vitro without the addition of cleavage enzymes . Full article >>> A plant pathogen composed of molecule s of naked RNA only several hundred nucleotide s long . virulent Capable of overcoming a host 's defense mechanisms and causing a disease sometimes of rapid o...

Ovum

...f the male and female pronuclei (before the first cleavage division ). Full article >>> : The union of one male gametophyte nucleus with the ovum nucleus and another male gametophyte nucleus with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm in seed plant s. See also pollen grain...

Nuclease

exo nuclease an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of nucleotide s one at a time from the end of a DNA molecule Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> Exo nuclease Endo nuclease enzyme digests nucle...

Mouth

...p of Metazoa ns that exhibit determinate, spiral cleavage and that develop a mouth from the blastopore . (ex. Nematodes, Flatworms, Molluscs). Full article >>> Head: The anterior region of an insect, which bears the mouth parts, eyes, antennae and houses the brain. Herbicide: A substance...

Morula

... mass of cells , called blastomeres , formed by cleavage of the egg in the early development of many an...omeres ). The morula is produced by embryo nic cleavage , the rapid cell division of the zygote . Full article >>> Morula is a stage of ...

Monoclonal Antibody

...a neo epitope generated by the ADAMTS-4-mediated cleavage of aggrecan has been modelled and the binding of the ... Full article >>>...

Monoclonal

...a neo epitope generated by the ADAMTS-4-mediated cleavage of aggrecan has been modelled and the binding of the ... Full article >>> More sophisticated techniques are now in development that can track protein products without mitigating their function, such as the addition of small sequenc...

Modification

... its initial synthesis, this includes proteolytic cleavage s, phosphorylation , glycosylation , carboxylation, addition of fatty acid moieties, etc. Full article >>> Gene modification . The chemical repair of a gene 's defective DNA sequence . See DNA . Gene pool . The totality of all...

Micromere

... found in the animal hemisphere during unequal cleavage of a zygote . They are the most actively dividin...he four small cells that result from the fourth cleavage of the vegetal tier of cells (half the cells resulting from that tier's cleavage ). Full arti...

Macromere

... the vegetal hemisphere of eggs formed by unequal cleavage (ex. the large blastomeres of the vegetal pole ...atively large cells that result from the fourth cleavage of the vegetal tier. Full article >>> macromere A large cell from the vegetative...

Lumen

...P interacts with the C-terminal domain of SREBP- cleavage -activating protein (SCAP). Full article >>> The transport vesicle s from the ER fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus (to the cisterna e) and empty their protein content into the Golgi lumen . Full article >>...

Ligation

...dubbed the hammerhead as responsible for the self- cleavage of the RNA . Full article >>> This should not be surprising; as discussed above, evolution as a problem-solving strategy is under no ob ligation to find the single best solution, merely one that is good enough. Full article >...

Interphase

...t the cytosol , but as the cell got ready for cleavage , the m RNA s collected at only one of the now pair of centrosome s. Full article >>> The interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II. Related Terms: Interphase The period in the cell cycle when DNA is replicated in the n...

Hydrolysis

...h a molecule of water is added at the site of cleavage of a molecule to two products. I Immortalizing oncogene . A gene that upon transfection enables a primary cell to grow indefinitely in culture . Full article >>> peptide mapping The character istic pattern of fragments ...

Glycosylation

... phosphorylation , glycosylation or proteolytic cleavage . Full article >>> These may help the cell change its surface glycosylation and thus evade detection by grazers and/or phage s. Full article >>> Golgi bodies function in the posttranslational modification ( glycos...

Glucose

...#223-galactosidase An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of lactose into glucose + galactose. In E. coli this enzyme is encoded by the lacZ gene . Often used as a reporter for assaying gene expression (see X-gal). Full article >>> Two types of a highly variable dis order in which ab...

Germinal disc

..., the small area on the fertilized egg to which cleavage is restricted. The blastodisc results from meroblastic cleavage and develops into the embryo . Full article >>> germinal disc A small mass of act...

Gastrulation

...lation - stage in animal development following cleavage character ized by extensive cell movement and rearrangement to form a "three-layered" embryo of ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm . Full article >>> gastrulation The formation of a gastrula from a blastula . Covered in L...

Gastrula

...a tion - stage in animal development following cleavage character ized by extensive cell movement and rearrangement to form a "three-layered" embryo of ectoderm , mesoderm and endoderm . Full article >>> gastrula tion The formation of a gastrula from a blastula . Covered in...

Flower

...protein complex may direct the polyadenylation / cleavage machinery to a low efficiency signal, thus regulating the timing of flower ing (ref) Histone m RNA s are not polyadenylated. Full article >>> Say, for example, that researchers want to find out what different genes do in a particu...

Fertilized egg cell

...#62; [L. from medius - middle]. In reference to cleavage , the splitting of the fertilized egg cell along a vertical plane at right angles to the equator. Full article >>>...

Exonuclease

exonuclease an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of nucleotide s one at a time from the end of a DNA molecule Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> Exonuclease Endonuclease enzyme digests nucleic a...

Evolution

...that are character ized by radial, indeterminate cleavage and development of the anus from the blastopore . Covered in Lab 13 Animal Diversity III ... Full article >>> The evolution of new species or sub- species to fill unoccupied ecological niche s. Aerobe . A microorganism th...

Enzymes

...equence s within DNA and causes endonucleolytic cleavage of the DNA at a site determined by the recognized DNA sequence s. Full article >>> : A group of enzymes mainly involved in copying a single- strand ed DNA molecule to make its complement ary strand . Eukaryotic DNA polym...

Endonuclease

...uclease s Site -specific endonuclease s causing cleavage of both strand s of DNA at points within or near the specific site recognized by the enzyme . Many generate sticky ends , making them important tools in genetic engineering . Full article >>> In several models of apoptosis , ...

Embryo

...yo n]. The stage in a developing organ ism after cleavage has occurred and before hatching or birth. Full ...It is also unique among model organ isms in that cleavage occurs in a syncytium . Full article >>> embryo (em-bree-oh) [Gk. en, in + bryein...

Downstream

...3 and -7 that the activation event is proteolytic cleavage , and this had been assumed to apply to the initiator caspase s as well. Full article >>> oxygen sag Oxygen decline downstream from a pollution source that introduces materials with high biological oxygen demands. oxy hemoglob...

Deuterostome

...of Metazoa ns that exhibit indeterminate, radial cleavage and that develop a mouth independent of, and at... ized by enterocoelous coelom formation, radial cleavage , and the presence of a dipleurulalike larva l stage. Full article >>> deuterostome...

Daughter Cell

...mbling a stem cell divsion pattern during early cleavage of C. elegans (for example) that will give rise to specific sets of differentiated cells . Full article >>> daughter cell A cell that is the offspring of a cell that has undergone mitosis or meiosis . The term "daughter" d...

Cytokinesis

...sion of the cytoplasm ) begins in anaphase . A cleavage furrow forms as actin filaments underneath the plasma membrane constrict in a band called the contractile ring. Two cells will be produced as this process continues. Telophase ... Full article >>> cytokinesis : the process ...

Cofactors

...an be differentiated based upon their binding and cleavage sites and their required cofactors . Full article >>> holo enzyme A catalytically active enzyme including all necessary subunits, prosthetic groups, and cofactors . Full article >>>...

Cleavage

...embryo . Full article >>> complete cleavage - major pattern of embryo nic cell divison in ... in the zygote . Full article >>> cleavage furrow The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell ; a shallow groove in the cell surface n...

Chordate

...of Metazoa ns that exhibit indeterminate, radial cleavage and that develop a mouth independent of, and at some distance from, the blastopore . (Echinoderms and Chordate s and related minor phyla ). Full article >>>...

Chordates

...tes and character ized by radial, indeterminate cleavage , enterocoelous formation of the coelom , and dev...that are character ized by radial, indeterminate cleavage and development of the anus from the blastopore . Covered in Lab 13 Animal Diversity III ... ...

Cell

...> blastoderm - cell layer formed during cleavage of telolecithal and centrolecithal eggs. blastomere - any cell formed during cleavage . Full article >>> Osteocyte a bone cell (osteo = bone; cyto = cell ) Ovar...

Blastula

... The multicellular embryo formed as a result of cleavage . In higher animals it contains a fluid-filled c...o nic development in animals . It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consisting of a spherical layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled ca...

Blastomere

...ud, shoot ; meros - a part]. Cells produced by cleavage of the zygote . Full article >>> ...2;> blastomere - any cell formed during cleavage . blastopore - site of gastrulation initiation and later the opening of the archenteron at t...