chromosome

Zygote

...l article >>> Zygote s missing one chromosome ("monosomy") cannot develop to birth (except for females with a single X chromosome ). Full article >>> Zygote A Developmental Biology Site The Visible Embryo ...

Zinc finger

...ll article >>> YAC yeast artificial chromosome A B C DE F G HI J K LM N O PQ R S TU V W XY Z zinc finger A specialized protein motif involved in DNA recognition by some DNA -binding proteins ; ... Full article >>> Each of these functions depend upon a particular region o...

Y chromosome

Y chromosome a special chromosome associated with the sex of many organ isms; in human beings this chromosome is present only in...

Xeroderma pigmentosum

... repair . Mutation s in the helicase genes on chromosome 2q and 19q are one group of causes of the DNA repair defect xeroderma pigmentosum (an autosomal recessive disease). See also ... Full article >>>...

X chromosome

X chromosome a chromosome associated with the sex of many organ isms Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th...

Wild-type

...62;> 1) The process producing a gene or a chromosome differing from the wild-type . 2) The gene or chromosome that results from such a process. Full article >>> Asn Tyr Thr Asn Leu Gly His Wild...

Wild type

... genetic disease caused by a mutation on the X chromosome . Full article >>>...

Weed

... genetic disease caused by a mutation on the X chromosome . Full article >>> This mustard weed was one of the first plant s to have its genome sequence d. The sequencing of the rice genome and a large international research community have made rice the de facto cereal/grass/ monoc...

VNTR

...NA sequence s that are present in many copies per chromosome set. Repetitive DNA sequence s may be closely linked (eg satellite DNA or VNTR loci ) or dispersed throughout the genome or parts of the genome (eg alu family ). Full article >>> VNTR Variable number tandem repeat. A ty...

Virus

...ute to cancer by insert ing their DNA into a chromosome in a host cell . Insertion of the virus D...ed phage . Barr body -- the condensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . Full article >>> capsid ...

Viability

...of individuals heterozygotic for certain types of chromosome aberration; express ed as a reduced number of viable gametes and hence reduced fertility. Non viability of a proportion of gametes or zygote s. Full article >>> It can be seen as the extent to which an individual successfully p...

Vesicle

...ral = loci ). A specific location or site on a chromosome . Log phase. See Logarithmic phase. Full article >>> liposomes - synthetic bilayer in the form of a spherical vesicle membrane potential - voltage difference across a membrane due to a slight excess of positive ions on one side and...

Vector

... recombinant DNA work, the plasmid or phage chromosome used to carry the clone d DNA segment Source...r : In DNA cloning , the plasmid or phage chromosome used to carry the clone d DNA segment . Full article >>> A vector (e.g. a pla...

Vectors

...ent in bacteria at amounts greater than one per chromosome . Vectors for cloning DNA are usually multicopy; there are sometimes advantages in using a single copy plasmid . Full article >>> phage - virus that infects bacteria ; altered phage can be used as cloning vector s. (shor...

Tubulin

...ivision . The microtubule apparatus that controls chromosome movement during mitosis and meiosis . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> A hollow rod of tubulin protein in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells and in cilia, flagella, and the cytosk...

Trisomy

trisomy the diploid condition plus one extra chromosome : 2n + 1 Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human G...ction event. A normal egg has one copy of each chromosome (23 total). When it is combined with a sperm from the other parent during conception, the child h...

Transverse

...-over) events. Full article >>> Iso chromosome -- a metacentric chromosome produced during mitosis or meiosis when the centromere splits transverse ly instead of longi...

Transposition

...m autosomes . These events have brought to the Y chromosome new genes that appear to be critical for sperm agenesis. Full article >>> A mobile piece of DNA that is flanked by terminal repeat sequence s and typically bears genes coding for transposition functions. See trans posable genet...

Transposon

...of moving to another location, either on the same chromosome or on a different one. If a transposon insert ...ble those elements to move from one site on a chromosome to another. Full article >>> Transposon tag Use of a transposon insertion in a...

Transposable element

... Trisomy Possessing three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two copies. See also: cell , gene , gene expression , chromosome ... Full article >>> Group of transposable element s that were detected by Saedler,...

Translocation

...exchanged. A translocation in which part of one chromosome is exchanged with a part of a separate non- homologous chromosome . Full article >>> Dr. Pu Paul Liu, of the National Human Genome Research Institu...

Transgenic

...62; A transgenic construction insert ed in a chromosome which is used to identify tissue -specific enhancer s in the genome . Full article >>> A transgenic animal simply has a trangene of interest within its genomic makeup. A clone d animal is developed through nuclear trans fer...

Transcriptase

.... The resulting DNA is then insert ed into the chromosome of the host cell . Ribo nucleotide See: nucleotide ... Full article >>> reverse transcriptase ( trans- krip-tase) An enzyme encoded by some RNA virus es that uses RNA as a template for DNA synthesis. Full article &...

Trait

...rm (p): One of the two prominent segment s of a chromosome ; the long or "q" arm is the other. The arms of a given chromosome join at its centromere . Full article >>> The observable trait s or character ist...

Theory

...is ; speculation. Full article >>> chromosome theory of inheritance the established theory that genes are linked to chromosomes and that chromosomes are the carrier s of the genetic material Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ...

Tetrad

...rmerly used for the four chromatid s making up a chromosome -pair at the first division of meiosis . Relate... cell and are attached to spindle fibers . The chromosome alignment illustrated below is from a cell with a diploid chromosome number of 8. Full artic...

Telophase

...now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatid s. Full article...; Telophase - phase of mitosis in which the chromosome pairs have separated and reached opposite poles of the cell as the spindle begins to disintegrate...

Telomere

telomere the tip of the chromosome arm Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genet...cle >>> Telomere s Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of a single molecule of DNA associated with a variety of proteins . Full article &...

Telomerase

...lication of telomere s. Telomere The end of a chromosome . This specialized structure is involved in the replication and stability of linear DNA molecule s. See also: DNA replication ... Full article >>> Telomerase : A ribonucleo protein complex that maintains the repeat sequence ...

Taxonomy

...n isms. Telomere The terminal part of a linear chromosome . Replication of the ends of linear DNA molecule s requires specialized enzymes or structures. Full article >>> taxonomy -- The science of naming and class ifying organ isms. tectonic -- adj. Describing the forces that cause...

Taxon

...n isms. Telomere The terminal part of a linear chromosome . Replication of the ends of linear DNA molecule s requires specialized enzymes or structures. Full article >>> taxon omy The description of species and the class ification of organ isms into groups that reflect evolutio...

Tandem repeat sequence

... Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome ; used as a marker in physical map ping, when t... Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome ; used as marker s in physical map ping. See also: physical map ... Full article >>...

Tandem repeat sequences

... Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome ; used as marker s in physical map ping. See al... Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome ; used as a marker in physical map ping. Full article >>>...

Synteny

...s to the presence of 2 or more loci on the same chromosome ; they may or may not be linked closely. Full art...ny Genes which occur in the same order on the chromosome of different species . Full article >>> A group of gene loci known to be linked...

T cell

...hesis. Full article >>> Artificial chromosome A vector constructed from host cell chromosomal elements such as origin of replication , telomere s and centromere (in eukaryotes ). Full article >>> The migration of different cell types, such as leucocyte s and tum...

Synapsis

...ny Genes which occur in the same order on the chromosome of different species . Full article >>&... of chromosomes during meiosis I so that each chromosome is beside its homologue. synaptic cleft The space between the end of a neuron and an adjacent ce...

Synapse

...two chromosomes and four chromatid s, with one chromosome coming from each parent. Related Terms: Prophase ... Full article >>> A genetic factor, probably a protein product, is required for high fidelity synapse formation. Repetitive sequence s are often involved in homolog pairing. ...

Suppression

...s of inversion s of big chunks of DNA on the Y chromosome . Full article >>> A pest management strategy that focuses on long -term prevention or suppression of pest problems through a combination of techniques such as encouraging biological control, use of resistant varieties, ... Full ar...

Survival

...al to the pink-eyed dilution (p) gene in mouse chromosome 7. Full article >>> If you look at the survival statistics, typically people who are diagnosed at stage one cancer have 90% survival over five to ten years. Whereas people who are diagnosed at stage four have 10% survival rough...

Supergene

Supergene . A group of neighboring genes on a chromosome that tend to be inherited together and sometimes ....) Supergene . A group of neighboring genes on a chromosome that tend to be inherited together and sometimes are functionally related. Supernatant. Full artic...

Structural gene

...ene . These often occur together on a bacteria l chromosome . Full article >>> An operon is a group of genes including an operator , a common promoter , and one or more structural gene s that are controlled as a unit to produce messenger RNA (m RNA ). Operon s occur primarily in prokar...

Structural change

... a deletion , duplication , or inversion of a chromosome segment , or an interchange of segment s whic...le >>> A structural change with a chromosome whereby the order of gene loci is reversed. Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics ...

Strand

... probe to only one chromatid of a metaphase chromosome . Full article >>> Strand It is c...icle >>> one strand of DNA in a chromosome is "immortal'; that is, it will serve as an unchanged template as it is passed on from generation...

Spindle Fibers

...icle >>> The central portion of the chromosome to which the spindle fibers attach during mitot...entromere : A specialized constricted region of a chromosome to which spindle fibers attach during cell division at which two sister chromatids (the two e...

Spermatogenesis

...#62; Two genes positioned near one another on a chromosome may encode proteins that figure in the same cellular process or in completely unrelated processes. As an example of the former, many of the genes involved in spermatogenesis reside together on ... Full article >>>...

Species

...icle >>> Genetic linkage map -- a chromosome map showing the relative positions of the known g...proximate size. Full article >>> A chromosome map of a species that shows the specific physical locations of its genes and/or marker s on each...

Sperm

...other than natural means. Autosome -- a nuclear chromosome other than the X- and Y- chromosomes . Full arti... or sperm , that contains a single copy of each chromosome . GEM. A genetically engineered microorganism. Gene . A locus on a chromosome that encodes a sp...

Somatic cells

...ls of an individual will contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg —that is, ... Full article >>> Barr body -- the condensed ...

Somatic cell

... s of an individual will contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg —that is, ... Full article >>> archeocyte - somatic cell o...

Somatic

...nt of human genetic material such as a single chromosome are used in human gene mapping . Related Terms...#62;> Barr body -- the condensed single X- chromosome seen in the nuclei of somatic cells of female mammals . base pair a pair of hydrogen-bonded ...

Sister Chromatids

...chromatids (kroh-muh-tidz) Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventuall... appear to be pulled via a structure attached to chromosome centromere s. Full article >>> Anaphase is preceded by metaphase , by the end of...

Sister chromatid

...hromatid s (kroh-muh-tidz) Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventuall...> sister chromatid (available in G2 after chromosome duplication ), or on the homologous chromosome (in G1; that is, before each chromosome has be...

Signal Sequence

...ters were evaluated with respect to species and chromosome of origin . Full article >>> Secreted protein A protein that is exported through the cytoplasm ic membrane. Most secreted proteins have specific signal sequence s that promote inter action with the export apparatus in the me...

Short arm

...rm (p): One of the two prominent segment s of a chromosome ; the long or "q" arm is the other. The arms of a given chromosome join at its centromere . Full article >>> the short arm of a chromosome Source:...

Sexual

...can include grafting and budding . Autosome . A chromosome that is not involved in sex de- termination. B be... -- an endocrine condition caused by a an extra X- chromosome (47,XXY); character ized by the lack of normal sexual development and testosterone, leading to ...

Sexual reproduction

...can include grafting and budding . Autosome . A chromosome that is not involved in sex de- termination. B beta- DNA . Full article >>> Since it assumes sexual reproduction , it leaves the term undefined for a large class of organ isms that reproduce asexual ly. Full article >>&#...

Sex-linked

...those trait s whose genes are located on the sex chromosome Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology ... Full article >>> Located on the X chromosome . Sex-linked (or x-linked) diseases are generally seen only in males. explained: Listen to a detai...

Sex chromosome

... human cells contain 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosome s . In females, the sex chromosome s are the 2 X chromosomes . Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome . Full article &#...

Sex chromosomes

...omes are the 2 X chromosomes . Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome . Full article >>> Sex Chromosomes Human s have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 tota...

Sequencing

...g . Full article >>> base pair , chromosome , deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), DNA sequencing , genome , Human Genome Project , mapping , physical map , polymerase chain re action ( PCR ) [ Send this term to a friend ] [ Suggest a term for the glossary ] See Also: ... Full article &...