carbon

Y chromosome

...h it ferments carbohydrates to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. Full article >>> Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome . Human s have 22 pairs of autosomes . explained: Listen to a detailed explanation. Full article >>> The Y chromosome is considerably smaller th...

Walking legs

...and crabs. decarboxylation The removal of a single carbon atom as CO2 from an organ ic molecule . Full article >>> So for example, in a lobster, if we were able to express UBX throughout the thorax , we would expect that instead of having the five pairs of walking legs , we would actu...

Virus

...a virus particle. carbanion A negatively charged carbon atom . carbocation (AKA) carbonium ion A positively charged carbon atom . Full article >>> In the adeno virus E3 m RNA polyadenylated sites are 17, 2...

Uric acid

.... Full article >>> amino groups and carbon dioxide; occurs in mitochondria l and cytoplasm ic compartments of the liver . ureotelic Organ isms which excrete excess nitrogen in the form of urea . uricotelic Organ isms which excrete excess nitrogen in the form of uric acid ... Full art...

Urea cycle

... for the synthesis of urea from amino groups and carbon dioxide; occurs in mitochondria l and cytoplasm ic compartments of the liver . ureotelic Organ isms which excrete excess nitrogen in the form of urea . Full article >>> Most of these defects cause significant disability that canno...

Urea

... for the synthesis of urea from amino groups and carbon dioxide; occurs in mitochondria l and cytoplasm ic compartments of the liver . ureotelic Organ isms which excrete excess nitrogen in the form of urea . Full article >>> In 1828, Friedrich Whler published a paper about the synthesi...

Trachea

... some other invertebrates , exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between their tissue s and the air by a system of air-filled tubes called trachea e . Full article >>> Trachea l Systems Many terrestrial animals have their respiratory surfaces inside the body and connected to the outsid...

Tissue

...arved tissue s in capillaries where respiratory carbon dioxide lowers blood pH ... Full article >>> Ballistic particle-mediated gene transfer . Complementary DNA molecule s are adsorbed to gold particles and shot by a pressure gas jet into tissue s or culture cells . HIGH-PRESSURE ...

Thylakoids

...e stroma , and the Light Independant Re action ( carbon fixation ) occurs here. Covered in: ... Full article >>> " grana Stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts . G PCR G- protein (q.v.) coupled receptor . Usually a serpentine receptor . ground state The normal, stable form of an ato...

Thymine

... in DNA molecule s that has one ring containing carbon and nitrogen atoms; two examples in DNA are cytosine (C) and thymine (T). A-D E-K L-P R-Z ... Full article >>> ( deoxyribonucleic acid ): The large double- strand ed molecule carrying the genetic code . It consists of four b...

Stroma

...ved in the synthesis of organ ic molecule s from carbon dioxide and water. Full article >>> Stroma toporoids, once thought to be coral, but actually sponges, continued their significant role in Silurian reefs. Some stroma toporoid specimens are over 16 feet in diameter. Full article >...

Strand

...e the position of the molecule in respect to the carbon atoms it contains). Full article >>> On the lagging strand , primase "reads" the DNA and adds RNA to it in short bursts. Pol III lengthens the bursts, forming Okazaki fragments . Full article >>> Strand -speci...

Stomata

...ll article >>> Stomata reveal past carbon dioxide levels Because CO2 levels and stomata l index are inversely related, could fossil leaves tell us about past levels of CO2 in the atmosphere? Yes. Full article >>> stomata : the pores within leaves surrounded by guard cell ...

Stoma

... Paradox As the key reactant in photosynthesis , carbon dioxide, is found in the atmosphere, most plant s require the stoma to be open during daytime. Full article >>> A cancer of the human retina . Predisposition to retinobla stoma is inherited as an autosomal dominant . A childh...

Somatic cells

... A fat having several to many double bonds between carbon atoms. Full article >>> the experimental formation of a single hybrid cell with nuclei and cytoplasm from different somatic cells Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row What T...

Roots

...es water loss but is as impervious to oxygen and carbon dioxide as it is to water. Full article >>> Roots of a hydroponically grown plant At the tip of every growing root is a conical covering of tissue called the vascular plants cap. It usually is not visible to the naked eye. Ful...

RNA

... Pentose sugar: A sugar molecule containing five carbon atoms. E.g.: deoxyribose . Full article >>> Ribosomal DNA genes The genes that make the three RNA components of the ribosome - the particle (also containing 60 or more proteins ) that is responsible for making proteins withi...

Retina

...rk, the hydrogen atoms attached to the #11 and #12 carbon atoms of retina l ( red arrows ) point in the same direction producing a kink in the molecule . Full article >>> retina The inner, light-sensitive layer of the eye; includes the rods and cones. Full article >>> reti...

Respiration

...ogical respiration , which exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organ ism and the external en...energy) and oxygen is reduced to form water. The carbon atoms of the sugar molecule are released as carbon dioxide (CO2). Full article >>> ...

Repression

...e utilization when glucose is the pre dominant carbon source in the environment of the cell . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Repression Switching off the expression of a gene or a group of genes in response to a chemical or other stimulu...

Reduction

...se of light energy to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. Full article >>> The reduction division process by which haploid gametes and spore s are formed, consisting of a single duplication of the genetic material followed by two mitotic division s. Messenger...

Redox reaction

...on s. Photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into sugars and the oxidation of water into molecular oxygen . Full article >>> redox reaction (ree-doks) A chemical re action involving the trans fer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called o...

Random mating

...her in certain phenotypic character s. asymmetric carbon A carbon atom covalently bonded to four different atoms or groups of atoms. Full article >>> ...

Pyruvic acid

...ylated and reduced by NADH to form a molecule of carbon dioxide and one of ethanol . C3H4O3 + NADH + H+ ...red in the transition re action by removal of a carbon and two oxygen s (which form carbon dioxide). When the carbon dioxide is removed, energy is given o...

Pyrimidine

... in DNA molecule s that has one ring containing carbon and nitrogen atoms; two examples in DNA are cyt... An organ ic base composed of a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms; parent substance of several bases found in nucleic acids . pyrogenic Substanc...

Pyrenoid

... An organ ic base composed of a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms; parent substance of several bases found in nucleic acids . Full article >>> pyrenoid A region of starch formation found in the chloroplasts of various algae , for example, Chlamydomonas. Covered in Lab 6 ...

Purine

...in DNA molecule s containing two fused rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms; two examples in DNA are adenine (A) and guanine (G). Full article >>> purine [Gk. purinos, fiery, sparkling] A nitrogenous base , such as adenine or guanine , with a character istic two-ring structure; ...

Pulmonary artery

...e right and left lungs . Here the blood gives up carbon dioxide and takes on a fresh supply of oxygen . ...seous exchange takes places and the blood releases carbon dioxide into the lung cavity and picks up oxygen . Full article >>>...

Potential energy

...actures all of its organ ic molecule s using the carbon atoms in glucose . NH4Cl and MgSO4 supply the nitrogen and sulfur atoms needed to synthesize proteins . Full article >>> Carbon stored in poplars has potential energy available for human use. Plant s provide raw material either...

Polytene

... A fat having several to many double bonds between carbon atoms. Full article >>> A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome ; the site of active transcription . A diffuse uncoiled region in a polytene chromosome where transcription is actively taking place. ...

Plasma

... , lipids , hormones , products of metabolism , carbon dioxide and oxygen . Full article >>> The inner leaflet of a typical mammalian plasma membrane contains 20-30% univalent PS (phosphatidylserine) and ~1% multivalent PtdIns(4,5)P2. Numerous proteins have clusters of basic (or bas...

Plant

...t. The light energy is used to bond molecule s of carbon dioxide together to form sugar ( glucose ). The en...n cycle The cyclic pathway used by plant s to fix carbon dioxide and produce triose phosphates. Named after Melvin Calvin, an early worker in the field. Ful...

Pigment

...moglobin : a red pigment that binds oxygen and carbon dioxide molecule s and carries them through the b...The overall effect may be summarized as water plus carbon dioxide are converted to biochemical s. Full article >>> Hemoglobin respiratory ...

Photorespiration

...ically, the Calvin cycle). Although Rubisco favors carbon dioxide, it can also use oxygen , producing a gly...s All plant s carry on photosynthesis by adding carbon dioxide (CO2) to a phosphorylated 5-carbon sugar called ribulose bisphosphate. Full article >&#...

Photosynthesis

...esis production of carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide by means of chlorophyll in presence of e...each component in the two diagrams below. How many carbon atoms does each molecule have in the diagram below? The molecule s are represented by letters. F...

Photoautotroph

... drive the synthesis of organ ic compound s from carbon dioxide. Full article >>> photoaut... like plant s, gets its energy from light and its carbon from CO2. Decomposers are often chemoheterotrophs; they may obtain energy and carbon from the same...

Phosphorylation

... linkage - covalent bond that joins the 5' and 3' carbon atoms to form nucleic acids ... Full article &...rylation , obtains nitrogen from N2 in the air and carbon exclusively from CO2 fixation. Full article >>> Phosphorylation of the sensor doma...

Pancreas

...ration. The lungs take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. The kidney s remove urea , and adjust the concentrations of water and a wide variety of ions. Full article >>> Damage to the pancreas , possibly causing diabetes Thyroid deficiency Damage to the ad renal gland ... Fu...

Oxygenated blood

... the lungs . In the lungs , gas exchange occurs, carbon dioxide diffuses out, oxygen diffuses in. Arterioles are small arteries that connect larger arteries with capillaries . Full article >>> In birds and mammals , a vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the lef...

Oxygen

... ago, gaseous oxygen began to appear. Unlike the carbon dioxide, oxygen almost certainly came about because of microbe s. Microbe s similar to today's cyanobacteria were present at this time. Full article >>> This process releases oxygen as a waste product. Anoxygenic (or H2S) phot...

Origin

...#62; aldose A simple sugar in which the carbonyl carbon atom is an aldehyde alkaloids Nitrogen-containing organ ic compound s of plant origin . They are usually basic, and often have biological activity. An example would be caffeine. Full article >>> One of the central, organ izing ...

Organ

...ining carbon, except those that are derivatives of carbon dioxide; practically all organ ic molecule s contain carbon atoms linked together ... Full article >>> Plant organ s can be divided into veget...

Order

... hydrogen from each one. This is necessary because carbon has a maximum of 4 bonds and hydrogen can have only one. Full article >>> In order for continuing evolution there must be mechanisms to increase or create genetic variation and mechanisms to decrease it. The mechanisms of evolut...

Nucleotide

... Pentose sugar: A sugar molecule containing five carbon atoms. E.g.: deoxyribose . Full article >>> nucleotide -- unit from which nucleic acids are constructed by polymerization. It contains a sugar, a phosphate group , and an organ ic base . ATP is a nucleotide . Full article &...

Nucleoside

...onsisting of a nitrogenous base linked to a five carbon sugar. (See Nucleoside analog.) Nucleoside analog. Full article >>> adenosine diphosphate (ADP) A ribo nucleoside 5'-diphosphate serving as phosphate group acceptor in the cell energy cycle. adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) ...

Nuclein

...onsisting of a nitrogenous base linked to a five carbon sugar. Full article >>>...

Nucleic acid

...me end" has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 5' carbon and the "3 prime end" has a free hydroxyl (or phosphate) on a 3' carbon (carbon atoms in the sugar ring are ... Full article >>> The coating of a protein t...

NADPH

...) supply hydrogen to the carbohydrate ; b) supply carbon to the carbohydrate ; c) supply energy that can b...by the light-dependent reactions is used to reduce carbon from carbon dioxide to simple sugars; light is not required for these reactions. Full article >...

Mycorrhizae

...well as xenobiotics, a critical step in the global carbon cycle. Full article >>> Mycorrhizae . Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plant s. N National Institutions of Health (NIH). A nonregulatory agency which has oversight of research activities that t...

Monosaccharides

...aldoses, which have an aldehyde group on the first carbon atom , and ketoses, which typically have a ketone... Monosaccharides are simple sugars, having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. They can be bonded together to form polysaccharides . Example: Glucose , fructose , and ga...

Molecule

...aterial (e.g. pesticide) whose molecule s contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. Also may refer to plant s or animals which are grown without the use of synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. outer bark . In older trees, the dead part of the bark . Full article >>> Ballistic particle-mediated...

Lysis

...fluctuated in the past, according to the levels of carbon dioxide and methane. Full article >>> apo lysis Dis integration or detachment of a gravid tapeworm segment ; also, the detachment of the hypodermis from the old pro cuticle in arthropods before molting. Full article >>>...

Lung

...he atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to excrete carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere. ... abdomen , through which oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide given off. Character istic of many terrestrial arachnids such as scorpions and spiders. Fu...

Long

.... Full article >>> Long chains of carbon atoms are common. The chains may be branched or form rings. Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic ... Full article >>> Long , flexible protrusions located about the mouth of many invertebrates ; usually prehensile or tactile. terminator .....

Lipids

... rather than a fatty acid is attached to the third carbon of the glycerol molecule ; as a result, ... Full...and fatty acids . fatty acids : long chains of carbon atoms with carboxyl groups at one end. feeding pattern : the pattern in which animals obtain thei...

Lipid

...ture. An organ ic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds. Full article >>> lipid One of a family of compound s, including fats , phospho lipid s, and steroids, that are insoluble in water. Covered in Lab 5 Fermentation and Resp...

Linkage

... linkage - covalent bond that joins the 5' and 3' carbon atoms to form nucleic acids peroxisome s - small membrane -bounded organelle that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize organ ic molecule s. Full article >>> Gene linkage . The hereditary association of genes located on the s...

Lichens

...and lichens ; these relationships are relevant to carbon cycling and sequestration in tundra. Full article >>> In England before the Industrial R evolution trees are often covered with light colored lichens . As a result light moths were favored because they were hard to see on the bark ...

Lenticel

Lenticel s are openings that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse between the living cells of the stem and the air. [Discussion] Welcome&Next Search 16 December 2001 ... Full article >>> lenticel Isolated areas of loosely arranged cells in the cork surfaces of stems, ...

Lichen

...d lichen s ; these relationships are relevant to carbon cycling and sequestration in tundra. Full article >>> In England before the Industrial R evolution trees are often covered with light colored lichen s . As a result light moths were favored because they were hard to see on the bark...