cancer

Xeroderma pigmentosum

...sed to the sun and an elevated incidence of skin cancer . Full article >>> Xeroderma pigme...ld increase in the incidence of all types of skin cancer . Full article >>> Unwinding is also necessary for DNA repair . Mutation s in the...

Vitamin

... disorders of cell metabolism , certain forms of cancer , ... Full article >>> vitamin s : organ ic nutrients essential in trace amounts to the health of animals . voluntary muscle : see striated muscle . W ... Full article >>> Niacin Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid; -in ...

Virus

...virus es can cause many diseases, including some cancer s and AIDS. explained: ... Full article >>> Virus es can also contribute to cancer by insert ing their DNA into a chromosome in a host cell . Insertion of the virus DNA ...

Venter

... June 1998. Dulbecco, R. 1986. A turning point in cancer research: Sequencing the genome . Science 231: 1055-56. Full article >>> venter The swollen base of the archegonium that contains the egg cell . Covered in Lab 7 Thalloid and Vascular Plant Organ ization ... Full articl...

Vaccine

...Full article >>> Vaccine s against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer vaccine . In this case, the antigen ic preparation is derived from the cancer cell . There is ...

Uterus

...icle >>> Obesity is associated with cancer , particularly those of the colon , breast, and uterus . The risk of cancer is 55% greater in obese women and 33% greater in obese men. Full article >>>...

Urinary bladder

...t, ... Full article >>> looking at cancer cells that had been converted into cancer cells through exposure to chemical carcinogens; first mouse cells and then human cells . T...

Tumor suppressor

...r suppressor gene . related terms: BRCA1/BRCA2, cancer , gene , oncogene , p53 ... Full article >&...ncontrolled cell growth can occur, resulting in cancer . Full article >>> Tumor suppressor gene Apoptosis Tumor s (and related struc...

Tumor

...umor supressor is mutated, it may fail to keep a cancer from growing. BRCA1 and p53 are well-known tumo...umor s is one of the primary character istics of cancer , anti- tumor drugs are often used to treat cancer . Full article >>> Tumor anti...

Transformation

...formation conversion of a normal cell into a cancer ous cell ; also refers to the uptake and incorpor...The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancer ous cell . (2) A phenomenon in which external DNA is assimilated by a cell . Full article >...

Tissue

...cle >>> Any of the various types of cancer ous tumor s that form in the epithelial tissue , the tissue forming the outer layer of the body surface and lining the digestive tract and other hollow structures. Full article >>> This specialized tissue forms a trophic interfac...

Theory

...isorders such as hemophilia, leukemia, and breast cancer . Full article >>> epigenesis - theory holding that development is a gradual process of increasing complexity. Full article >>> Optimal foraging theory . A theory designed to predict the foraging behavior that max...

Telomerase

...erase This cell line was propagated for use in cancer research. The cells proliferate abnormally rapidly, even compared to other cancer s. Full article >>> telomerase An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telom...

T lymphocytes

... of antibody . Full article >>> A cancer of the lymphatic system where the cells that have become cancer ous are a type of white blood cell called T Lymphocytes . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T...

T cell

...ell lyses. M Malignant. Having the properties of cancer ous growth. Full article >>> Virus : A noncellular biological entity that can reproduce only within a host cell . The Exploratorium, 3601 Lyon Street, San Francisco, CA 94123 ... Full article >>> Meiosis : the proce...

Suppressor

... suppressor gene . related terms: BRCA1/BRCA2, cancer , gene , oncogene , p53 ... Full article >&... protein found to be mutated in many types of cancer . palindrome A segment of duplex DNA in which the base sequence s of the two strand s is the s...

Survival

..., typically people who are diagnosed at stage one cancer have 90% survival over five to ten years. Whereas people who are diagnosed at stage four have 10% survival roughly. Full article >>> A trait that assists an organ ism in survival and reproduction in a certain environment ...

Stomach

...62;>> Salt-cured or pickled foods cause cancer s in the stomach and esophagus . Smoked foods such as ham and sausage contain carcinogens similar to those in tobacco smoke. Hot dogs and cold cuts contain nitrites, which are converted to nitrosamines. Full article >>> chyme : a s...

Stoma

...during daytime. Full article >>> A cancer of the human retina . Predisposition to retino...inherited as an autosomal dominant . A childhood cancer of retinoblast cells caused by the inactivation of an anti- oncogene . A B C D E F G H I J K L M ...

Spleen

... bone degeneration) Inherited breast and ovarian cancer * (BRCA 1 and 2; early-onset tumor s of breasts a... indefinitely in culture (myeloma is a B- cell cancer ). Full article >>> By doing that, they basically allow T- cells to bump into them a...

Spindle Fibers

...meiotic division . Chemotherapy. A treatment for cancer s that involves ad- ministering chemicals toxic to...meiotic division . Chemotherapy. A treatment for cancer s that involves ad- ministering chemicals toxic to malignant cells . Full article >>> ...

Somatic cells

...elomerase . (Germ cells , some stem cell s, and cancer cells continue to express the enzyme .) ... Full article >>> The diploid somatic cells of an individual will contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg —...

Somatic cell

...elomerase . (Germ cells , some stem cell s, and cancer cells continue to express the enzyme .) ... Full article >>> The diploid somatic cell s of an individual will contain one copy of the chromosome set from the sperm and one copy of the chromosome set from the egg &mdas...

Skin cell

...or moles, freckles, and suntan (and, if they turn cancer ous, melanoma). Full article >>> The cell wall s of these onion skin cell s can be easily seen. Nucleus The nuclei can be seen in the photograph of human cheek cells below. Full article >>>...

Single-gene disorder

... gene (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, and some cancer s). Although such disorders are inherited, they depend on the simultaneous presence of several alleles ; thus the hereditary patterns usually are more complex than those of single-gene disorder s. Full article >>>...

Serum

... fluids, probably serum , for the marker s that cancer cells emit, the proteins that are present in serum [that are] character istic of cancer . Full article >>> In serum and in cerebrospinal fluid ApoE binds lipo protein par...

Screening

... Genetic Tests, and Counseling Early diagnosis of cancer greatly increases survival ; therefore, regular exams for cancer can help to prevent deaths from cancer . Full article >>> Screening for new repai...

Roots

...lant species in an attempt to develop new anti- cancer drugs or new AIDS medicines. We have continued that relationship. Full article >>> That the teeth might have been misplaced after the death of Piltdown man was considered but an X-ray showed the lower contact surfaces of the roots w...

RNA virus

... a cellular chromosome ; an important class of cancer -causing virus es. reverse transcriptase ( trans- krip-tase) ... Full article >>> an animal RNA virus that replicates itself through a DNA intermediate Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: ...

Retrovirus

...ovirus es can cause many diseases, including some cancer s and AIDS. explained: ... Full article >>... a cellular chromosome ; an important class of cancer -causing virus es. Full article >>> Retrovirus es Certain virus es have the abilit...

Retina

... forms. Retinobla stoma -- a childhood malignant cancer of the retina of the eye. Full article >&#...are the screen. Full article >>> A cancer of the human retina . Predisposition to retinobla stoma is inherited as an autosomal dominant ...

Renal

... eye and the cerebellum of the brain; cysts and cancer s in the kidney s, pancreas , and ad renal ... Full article >>>...

Rectum

...ymph oma, multiple myeloma, brain tumor , breast cancer , cervical cancer , colorectal cancer - in the colon , rectum , ... Full article >>>...

Recessive

... loss of both copies of the gene contributes to cancer formation. (See Oncogene .) ... Full article >>> Recessive : Allele that determines phenotype only when homozygous ; does not affect phenotype when heterozygous with a dominant allele . Recombinant clones : Clones con...

Proximal

... are also express ed in certain leucocyte s and cancer cells . Full article >>> ptc-GAL4 UAS-EGFR generates wings with fusion of veins 3 & 4 in the proximal portion of the wing (Fig 5E) (Mohler, 2000), which is similar to weak fu or kn mutation s, ... Full article >>...

Proto-oncogene

...an oncogene ; a gene with a potential to cause cancer , but that requires some alteration to become an ...rly express ed contributes to the development of cancer . (See Oncogene .) Centers of origin . Full article >>> See also proto-oncogene . ...

Prostate gland

...to significant clues about the risk of developing cancer , not only of the breast and ovaries, but also of the colon and prostate gland . Full article >>>...

Progesterone

...2; Estrogen increases the risk of endometrial cancer but progesterone reduces the risk. Diet ... Full article >>> Sequence s of response element s are required for the functions of the transcription factor s. Examples: Estrogen Response Element (ERE), Glucocorticoid Response E...

Probability

...l factors affect one's probability of acquiring cancer . These factors are considered carcinogenic agents...an agent and the occurrence of a specific type of cancer . Full article >>> Au, Chan and Yao 2003 applied genetic algorithms to this problem t...

Polygenic disorders

... gene (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, and some cancer s). Full article >>> See polygenic disorders . Complementation The process by which two recessive mutants can supply each other's deficiency , ... Full article >>> Other uses for the new high-density maps are to st...

Polygenic

... gene (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, and some cancer s). Full article >>> Together, the trans polygenic animals harbor about 2 Mb of human DNA from the Down syndrome region. Full article >>> Galton came close to rediscovering Mendel 's particulate theory of inhe...

Polyclonal Antibody

... gene (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, and some cancer s). Full article >>> /CD8 receptor /perforin/ apoptosis /clonal selection immuno suppression immunosuppressive drug immunotherapy lymphatic system / lymph ocyte macro phage major histocompatibility complex/ class I MHC/...

Plasmid

...#62;>> : A soil bacterium that causes a cancer -like plant disease (crown gall) in dicot yledenous plant s (all agricultural crops except cereals). It contains the Ti plasmid . The tumor ... Full article >>>...

Pigment

...sed to the sun and an elevated incidence of skin cancer . It turns out that XP can be caused by mutation ... forms. Retinobla stoma -- a childhood malignant cancer of the retina of the eye. Full article >>>...

Peripheral

...nd can also result in loss of hearing and vision, cancer , epilepsy, bone deformities, and learning disabilities. explained: ... Full article >>> [L. area - a space; L. opacus - shaded]. The peripheral region of the chick blastodisc surrounding the area pellucida and in direct contact with...

Oligonucleotide

.... Oncogene : A gene in a tumor virus or in cancer ous cells which, when trans ferred into other cells , ... Full article >>> A short oligonucleotide complement ary to target DNA and acts as the leader for DNA extension. Also refers to short oligonucleotide used to primer...

Oncogene

...e highly conserved evolution arily and can cause cancer when they are mutant or inappropriately express ... oncogene s, usually involved in early stages of cancer development, increase the chance that a normal cell develops into a tumor cell , possibly resu...

Offspring

...bridoma Fused product of a normal and a myeloma ( cancer ) cell , which has some of the character istics of the normal cell . Full article >>> Hybrid The offspring of genetically different parents. See also: heterozygote Hybridization The process of joining two complement ary s...

Northern hybridization

...ion using RNA isolated from appropriate breast cancer cell lines and primary tumor s. Full article >>>...

Nodes

...oreign particles. Full article >>> cancer of the lymph nodes and spleen that causes e... in the 18th century, it was discovered that the ' cancer poison' spread from the primary tumor through the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis"). ...

Nerves

...nd can also result in loss of hearing and vision, cancer , epilepsy, bone deformities, and learning disabilities. explained: ... Full article >>> peripheral nervous system The nerves and ganglia of the nervous system that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord . peripheral protei...

Mutation

...endel ian fashion, although noninherited forms of cancer also result from DNA mutation . Genetic drift . Random variation in gene frequency from one generation to another. Genetic engineering . Full article >>> Allele -- an alternative form of a gene ; any one of several mutati...

Muscle

... order resulting in loss of muscle control and cancer s) Gaucher disease (GD; enlarged liver and spleen , bone degeneration) ... Full article >>> Spinal cord motor neuron s control voluntary movement by relaying message s that arrive from upper brain centres to the innervated mus...

Mouth

...icle >>> Alcohol is associated with cancer s of the mouth , throat, esophagus , larynx , and liver . Alcohol is even more dangerous if drinking is accompanied by tobacco use (smoking or chewing). Radiation ... Full article >>> pharynx : the cavity at the rear of the mouth...

Monoclonal Antibody

...3, a cell -surface molecule express ed by the cancer ous cells in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) bu...luding rheumatoid arthritis) and in some forms of cancer . Full article >>> One is what's known as a monoclonal antibody , or are sometimes k...

Monoclonal

...luding rheumatoid arthritis) and in some forms of cancer . Full article >>> (See monoclona...n the use of " monoclonal antibodies " to treat cancer . Novel ways to produce a variety of radionuclides to treat lymph oma, leukemia, and prostate ca...

Monoclonal antibodies

... in the use of " monoclonal antibodies " to treat cancer . Novel ways to produce a variety of radionuclides to treat lymph oma, leukemia, and prostate cancer . Full article >>> A cell resulting from the fusion of a spleen cell and myelom...

Molecular biology

... in this field? The fact is that the origin s of cancer lie in genes. Full article >>> *Department of Molecular Biology , The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. Full article >>> Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the C...

Microtubules

..., they are less sensitive to these drugs than are cancer cells . Full article >>> caption: In the image above (obtained using a fluorescent-light microscope ), a dividing cell is seen separating its duplicated chromosomes (blue) for equal distribution into two new cells . Spindle pol...

Methylation

... rather than by gene mutation may create some cancer cells . Full article >>> This is called epigenetic inheritance and may include phenomena such as DNA methylation , prion s, and structural inheritance . Full article >>> Jeffrey Yoder et al " Cytosine methyl...