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Wild-type

...A mutation that causes a mutant gene to revert back to its wild-type genotype . bacteriophage ( phage ) A virus capable of replicating in a bacteria l cell . Full article >>> In response to changes in redox and growth conditions, 121 genes out of the 691 arrayed ORFs displayed ...

Vesicle

...s in this case) to the exterior, and then retreat back into the cytosol . Full article >>> seminal vesicle [L. semen , seed + vesicula, a little bladder] A gland in males that secretes a fluid (a component of semen ) that lubricates and nourishes sperm . Full article >>...

Vessels

...icle >>> Vessels which carry blood back to the heart from the tissue s. Veins are thin walled and will collapse if empty. They have a series of one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards. Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >&#...

Vertebral column

...although the disks deteriorate with age, producing back pain. Full article >>> Both the vertebral column and the limbs support the body of the vertebrate overall. This support facilitates movement. Movement is normally achieved with muscle s that are attached directly to the bones or ca...

Venules

.... Blood in the veins below the heart is helped back up to the heart by the muscle pump. Full article >>> Their remains get engulfed by macrophages. Only 2% of T cells mature and are selected to survive. These cells lose either their CD4 molecule s or CD8 molecule s and leave t...

Vertebrates

...e >>> Vertebrates have been traced back to Myllokunmingia during the Cambrian explosion (530 million years ago). Full article >>> Vertebrates move muscle s in response to voluntary and autonomic signals from the brain. Deep muscle s, superficial muscle s, muscle s of...

Vena cava

...t of the blood circulatory system carrying blood back to the heart from the tissue s. Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >>> superior vena cava Blood from the head returns to the heart through this main vein. Full article >>>...

Venous system

...t of the blood circulatory system carrying blood back to the heart from the tissue s. Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >>> Portal venous system Pulmonary venous system Systemic venous system [edit] ... Full article >>>...

Veins

...2;>> veins Vessels which carry blood back to the heart from the tissue s. Veins are thin walled and will collapse if empty. They have a series of one-way valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards. Full article >>> Leaf veins -- In monocot s, there are usually a ...

Triceps muscle

triceps muscle Found on the back side of the arm, it is an antagonist to the biceps . It origin ates from the humerus and the scapula and insert s on the ulna . The triceps extends the forearm. Full article >>> A single skeletal muscle , such as the triceps ...

Transcription

...) will produce a pseudo-mammalian protein if put back into bacteria . Full article >>> TRANSCRIPTION - The copying of a DNA template into a single- strand ed RNA molecule . Full article >>> Transcription . The process of creating a complementary RNA copy of DN...

Transcript

...) will produce a pseudo-mammalian protein if put back into bacteria . Full article >>> TRANSCRIPT - A newly made RNA molecule which has been copied from DNA . TRANSCRIPT ION - The copying of a DNA template into a single- strand ed RNA molecule . Full article >>&...

Trans

...) will produce a pseudo-mammalian protein if put back into bacteria . Full article >>> TRANS CRIPTION / TRANS LATION RE ACTION - An in vitro series of reactions, involving the synthesis ( trans cription ) of an m RNA from a plasmid (usually with T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase ), ... ...

Tobacco mosaic virus

... plant s as well as tobacco). The plant s in the back row carry an introduced gene conferring resistance to the virus . Full article >>> Virus es consist of a nucleic acid ( DNA or RNA ) enclosed in a protein coat (known as a capsid ). The capsid may be a single protein rep...

Tongue

...hese do contain a few sensory neurons that bring back signals from the muscle spindles in the muscle s they control. The Spinal Nerve s ... Full article >>> tongue A muscular organ on the floor of the mouth in most higher vertebrates that carries taste buds and manipulates fo...

Tendons

...62;>> Hamstrings muscle s that are the back of the thigh (named after the muscle s and tendons in the same location on a pig) Haploid having one set of chromosomes (haplo = half; ploid = a set of chromosomes ) ... Full article >>> It can be used to make mesenchymal ti...

Superior vena cava

... Drains the anterior body regions, returning blood back to the heart via the right atrium . Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >>> De oxygenated blood (containing little or no oxygen ) collects in two major veins : the superior vena cava and...

Superficial

... Drains the anterior body regions, returning blood back to the heart via the right atrium . Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >>> The superficial cervical muscle The lateral cervical muscle s The supra- and infrahyoid muscle s The...

Suberin

...a waxy substance which prevents water from flowing back into the soil. Full article >>>...

Stroma

...ous prokaryotes - and trapped sediment that date back to that time. Full article >>> The energy released as electrons pass down the gradient between photosystem II and photosystem I is harnessed by the cytochrome b6/f complex to pump protons (H+) against their concentration gradien...

Stem

... single- strand ed nucleic acid molecule loops back on itself to form a complement ary double helix ( stem ) topped by a loop. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Stem cell s can be found in all adult and young adult beings. Adult stem cell ...

Somatic

... modified outside the body and then trans planted back in again) and in vivo (where genes are changed in cells still in the body.) Recombination -based approaches ... Full article >>> Somatic growth. Growth of the body, exclusive of gametes Sorting (of a sediment). The range of scat...

RT-PCR

... RNA is isolated it can be reverse trans cribed back into DNA ( complementary DNA to be precise, known as c DNA ), at which point traditional PCR can be applied to amplify the gene , this methodology is called RT-PCR . Full article >>> Several variation s have been developed for ...

Roots

...article >>> They trace their roots back to 1986 when we accepted a contract with the Natio...ciates from the opsin, after which it is converted back to its origin al form. ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) ... Full article >>> central cylin...

Right atrium

...ght atrium . The coronary sinus which brings blood back from the heart itself also empties into the rig...ains blood from the abdominal region and brings it back to the heart via the right atrium . Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ....

Ribozyme

...gin with an interesting cellular function and work back to the gene . Jack Barber's team at Immusol, Inc. Full article >>> ribozyme An enzymatic RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing . RNA ... Full article >>> Ribozyme s An RNA enzyme or " r...

Rhodopsin

...ciates from the opsin, after which it is converted back to its origin al form. Full article >>> rhodopsin A visual pigment contained in the rods of the retina in the eye.. Full article >>> rhodopsin Light-sensitive substance that occurs in the rods of the retina ; v...

Revertant

...utation s (including this one) can be reversed, a back mutation , with the gene regaining its function. These revertant s ... Full article >>>...

Retrotransposon

...n s work by copying themselves and pasting copies back into the genome in multiple places. Full article >>> Retrotransposon Special transposon whose sequence is trans cribed to RNA in the cell . After generation of the RNA strand a reverse transcriptase produced by the r...

Retrotransposons

...ons work by copying themselves and pasting copies back into the genome in multiple places. Full article >>> Non-LTR retrotransposons , or retroposons integrate at short, consensus-defined DNA targets in mammals in a process mediated by L1 element1,2. These targets appear to be hot s...

Retina

... >>> The retina , the "film" at the back of the eye that receives and processes visual images, can deteriorate when it does not get enough nourishment from circulating red blood cells . Damage to the retina can be serious enough to cause blindness. Full article >>> Retinit...

Respiration

...cells use oxygen to burn sugar for fuel (re- = back again; spira = to breathe) ... Full article >>> acceptor control ( Electron transport chain ) The regulation of the rate of respiration by the availability of ADP as a phosphate group acceptor. Full article >>> Nitri...

Reflex arc

...spine a reflex arc switches the signals straight back to the muscle s of the body (in this case the arm or the leg) (effectors) via an intermediate nerve cell and then a motor nerve cell ; contr action of the leg occurs, ... Full article >>>...

Pulmonary veins

...that carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart . Covered in: Lab 16 Rat Respiratory...onary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs back to the heart . Venules are smaller veins that gather blood from capillary beds into veins . ...

Pulmonary vein

...that carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart . Covered in: Lab 16 Rat Respiratory... The pulmonary vein s carry oxygenated blood back to the heart to go to the systemic arterial system . The right and left pulmonary arteries aris...

Proximal

...al properties that told anterior from posterior , back and front and proximal and distal in the appendage. Full article >>> Refers to the presence of 2 or more loci on the same chromosome ; they may or may not be linked closely. For example 2 gene loci that map to the distal a...

Protista

...pendent evolution ary histories stretching as far back as 2 billion years. Full article >>> In 1969 Whittaker proposed a "five kingdom " system in which three kingdom s were added to the animals and plant s: Monera ( bacteria ), Protista , and Fungi . Whittaker defined the kingdo...

Protist cell

...ell s - are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth. Sometimes the last are called cilia or undulipodia to emphasize their distinctiveness. Full article >>> Protist cell - kingdom containing organ isms with eukaryotic cells that are unicellular and multicellular and r...

Phosphate group

...le s, to facilitate 5' end-labeling with 32P added back by T4 polynucleotide kinase ; ... Full article >>> A complex of stains specific for the phosphate group s of DNA . See also Giemsa banding. Homologous chromosome ... Full article >>> nucleotide s - serve as buildin...

Parallelism

... and minimum mechanical motion, and then places it back down on the moving belt. Full article >>> Phenetic class ifications are plagued by problems of convergence and parallelism , but are useful in their attempt to objectify the class ification process. Full article >>>...

Package

...ake" trans porters that reclaim the trans mitter back into the cell when it has done its job. Full article >>> Right so hemagglutinin has two different functions, both package d into the same protein . The first function is to attach it to the cell surface, it does that by attaching...

Oviduct

...till shapeable, and the pointy end develops at the back side. Full article >>> ectopic pregnancy - implantation of the embryo in the oviduct or other site outside the uterus typically caused by failure of zona pellucida to keep blastocyst from adhering to oviduct walls; ... ...

Notochord

...e notochord is a stiff rod of tissue along the back of the body. In vertebrates , the backbone is dep...;>> notochord (no-toh-kord) [Gk. noto, back + L. chorda, cord] A longitudinal, flexible rod formed from dorsal mesoderm and located between ...

Mutation

...A mutation that causes a mutant gene to revert back to its wild-type genotype . bacteriophage ( phage ) A virus capable of replicating in a bacteria l cell . Full article >>> BACK MUTATION - Reverse the effect of a point or frame-shift mutation that had altered a gene ...

Molar teeth

molar teeth The crushing teeth that occur at the back of the jaw of mammals . Each molar has a complicated pattern of cusps and ridges and several roots . The molars have no preceding milk teeth. Full article >>> And the breadth of the frontal shield here, as we call it, is relatively n...

Mitochondria

...s over 700 million years ago (perhaps even as far back as 1.5 billion years ago). Full article >>> mitochondria in eucaryotes, a subcellular organelle that conducts cellular respiration mitochondrion Membrane-bounded organelle that specializes in aerobic respiration (oxidativ...

Microbial mats

...ous prokaryotes - and trapped sediment that date back to that time. Full article >>>...

Message

...as passed, the ions must be actively trans ported back to their "starting positions" across the membrane. Full article >>> Of course neural development is a lot more complicated than I've described here, but the take home message is that the way that nervous system s develop in growin...

Lumbar

...2; Lumbar Vertebrae the vertebrae in the lower back which are not attached to ribs (lumba = the loin; vertebra = a joint) CharlesLyell person who lived from 1797 to 1875 and refined Hutton's ideas on geological processes and the age of the Earth ... Full article >>> CT can also be use...

Loop of Henle

... the cortex into the medulla , and then ascends back from the medulla to the cortex . A countercurrent mechanism involving the loop of Henle in the medulla allows re absorption of water and salt. Full article >>> loop of Henle : the segment of the human kidney after the p...

Long

... chronic disease is either always present or comes back again and again. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Long chains of carbon atoms are common. The chains may be branched or form rings. Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic ... Full article >>>...

Ligaments

...l article >>> The peritoneum folds back on itself to form the falciform ligament and the right and left triangular ligaments . Full article >>> Ascending infection from the vagina or cervix to the uterus , fallopian tubes and broad ligaments : most often caused by ...

Left ventricle

...t ventricle of the heart to the entire body and back to the heart via the right atrium . Full article >>>...

Larynx

...x = gullet) LatissimusDorsi the muscle s on the back over the kidney s (lat = broad wide; -issimus = superlative ending ["very"]; dors = back) ... Full article >>> Air is brought into the animal via the airways - in reptiles, birds and mammals this often consists of the nose; the ...

Infertility

... having the treatment. But your fertility can come back 6 months or so after treatment has finished. Full article >>> Infertility in some cases may stem from defects in the cytoplasm of the mother's egg . Full article >>> Klinefelter syndrome -- an endocrine condition ...

Inferior vena cava

...ains blood from the abdominal region and brings it back to the heart via the right atrium . Covered in Lab 16 Rat Respiratory and Circulatory System s ... Full article >>> De oxygenated blood (containing little or no oxygen ) collects in two major veins : the superior vena cava and...

Incisor

...bone. The other three bones are located inside the back portion of the jaw. Full article >>> Some human s with very mild forms of holoprosencephaly just might have a single central incisor , which is indicative of a very mild ventral midline patterning defect. Full article >>&#...

In situ hybridization

...n ." One thing that I would've loved to have known back when I was initially studying the antennapedia mutant in fruit flies is where certain genes are express ed in the body. Full article >>> In this newer technique, several different probe s specific of one chromosome pair, carrying d...

Hairpin

A section of single- strand ed DNA that curls back onto itself, creating a partial double helix that resembles a hairpin . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> Hairpin A region of single- strand ed DNA or RNA that can form base pair s betwe...

Glycogen

...ull article >>> Glycogen is broken back down into glucose when energy is needed (a process called glycogen o lysis ). In glycogen o lysis , ... Full article >>> glycogen - polysaccharide composed exclusively of glucose units used to store energy in animal cells ...