alternative

Wildtype

... An organ ism or cell carrying a mutation . An alternative phenotype to the wild-type ; the phenotype produced by a non- wildtype allele . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>>...

Virus

...6 or 29 nucleotide s beyond AATAAA. Where several alternative polyadenylation sites are found, preference is governed by a third sequence element upstream of AAUAAA. Full article >>> Bacteriophage Bacteria l virus . Lambda bacteriophage is the basis of many E. coli vectors which a...

Upstream

...on . Full article >>> Where several alternative polyadenylation sites are found, preference is governed by a third sequence element upstream of AAUAAA. PolyA tail s are thought to function in m RNA stability and in initiation of translation . Full article >>> 67-75 8 A rol...

Splicing factor

...residue proteins , or SR proteins . The use of alternative splicing factors leads to a modification of the definition of a " gene ". Full article >>> Many appear to be related functionally to such known proteins as the GTPase activating proteins or the ETS family of transcription fac...

Splicing

...to produce not one but a variety of proteins ( alternative splicing ) from one pre-mRNA . Full article &#...ifferent levels, from gene amplification , use of alternative promoter s, increased transcription and alternative splicing , to increased stability and tra...

Shotgun sequencing

...rticle >>> Shotgun sequencing - an alternative method, using random, rather than consecutive, sub- strand s. Categories: Molecular biology Top Encyclopedia Articles ... Full article >>> Shotgun sequencing derives its name from the randomly generated DNA fragments that are the...

Seed

...... Full article >>> Definition: An alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome . For example, the gene for seed shape in pea plant s exists in two forms, ... Full article >>> endosperm : the female tiss...

Secondary Structure

...ttenuator A region of leader m RNA that can form alternative secondary structure s that determine whether transcription is terminated or proceeds into downstream genes. See Attenuation . Att site See attachment site . Full article >>> This helical, usually right-handed arrangement of a...

RNA Splicing

...The control of m RNA splicing , and hence of which alternative is produced, is performed by a wide variety of signal molecule s. Full article >>> snRNA : Small nuclear RNA ; forms complexes with proteins to form snRNP s; involved in RNA splicing , polyadenylation reactions, other unknow...

RNA editing

...se m RNA complexity, protein modification and alternative translation can all expand the population of proteins that come from one m RNA species . Full article >>> RNA that guides the insertion of uridines ( RNA editing ) into m RNA s in trypanosomes. Found in transcript s from ...

Reading frame

...to produce not one but a variety of proteins ( alternative splicing ) from one pre-mRNA . Prokaryotes produce a similar effect by shifting reading frame s ... Full article >>>...

Probability

... long term frequency of an event relative to all alternative events, and usually express ed as decimal fr action . Proband -- individual in a family who brought the family to medical attention. Full article >>> Several environment al factors affect one's probability of acquiring cancer ...

Primer

... long term frequency of an event relative to all alternative events, and usually express ed as decimal fr action . Full article >>>...

Pre-mRNA

...to m RNA splicing . Introns sometimes allow for alternative splicing of a gene , so that several different ...f pre-mRNA s. Full article >>> In alternative splicing , the same pre-mRNA molecule , which consists of introns and exons , is spliced in di...

Population

...ull article >>> Allele One of the alternative forms of a gene . Most genes in natural population s occur in more than one form. Biogeography The study of the geographic distribution s of species and the historical explanation of these patterns. Full article >>> To be calle...

Polyadenylation

...TF). Full article >>> Where several alternative polyadenylation sites are found, preference is g...the only method of splicing which can produce an alternative C-terminus domain in proteins . In this case, different sets of polyadenylation sites can be ...

Polarity

...62; polarity In systematics, the order ing of alternative states of a taxon omic character from ancestral to successively derived conditions in an evolution ary transformation series. Full article >>> The polarity of an actin filament can be determined by decorating the microfilame...

Norepinephrine

...e.g. adrenergic nerves , adrenergic response). An alternative U.S. useage also pertains to the receptor s acted upon by noradrenaline, i.e. adrenergic receptor s. Full article >>> of the ad renal gland, that increases the concentration of glucose in the blood, raises blood pressure and hear...

Nerves

...e.g. adrenergic nerves , adrenergic response). An alternative U.S. useage also pertains to the receptor s acted upon by noradrenaline, i.e. adrenergic receptor s. Full article >>> Charcot-Marie Tooth disease -- a condition character ized by degeneration of the motor and sensory nerves that c...

Mutation

...g . Full article >>> Allele -- an alternative form of a gene ; any one of several mutation al forms of a gene . Alpha-feto protein (AFP) -- a protein excreted by the fetus into the amniotic fluid and from there into the mother's bloodstream through the placenta . Full article >&#...

Multiple alleles

multiple alleles one of three or more alternative forms of allelic series that all map to a specific locus Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> Multiple alleles Many genes have more than two alleles (even...

Migration

...rulation . Full article >>> Another alternative is to migrate south in the winter, like birds do. Reptiles and amphibians are few or absent because of the extremely cold temperatures. Because of constant im migration and e migration , the population continually oscillates. Full article >&#...

Mendelian inheritance

...son and Saunders (1902) for character s which are alternative to one another in Mendelian inheritance (Gk. Allelon, one another; morphe, form). Full article >>> Bateson reported a different phenotypic ratio in sweet pea than could be explained by simple Mendelian inheritance . This ratio is 9:...

Marker

...be polymorphic to be useful in mapping ; that is, alternative forms must exist among individuals so that they are detectable among different members in family studies. Full article >>> Marker genes, such as genes for antibiotic resistance , are often engineered into plasmid s. These marker...

Lysis

...Meyerhof pathway. The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. Full article >>> Glyco lysis is the anaerobic catabolism of glucose . It occurs in virtually all cells . In eukaryotes , it occurs in the cytosol . C6H12O6 + 2NAD+ -> 2C3...

Ligation

...;>> Unambiguous ligation requires that alternative complexes with perfect base pair ing not be possible with the combination of hexamers used. Full article >>> Ethics -- the study of fundamental principles which defines values and determines moral duty and ob ligation . Erythrocytes ...

Kilobase

...th as many as 24 exons and thousands of possible alternative splice variants that produce proteins with different activities. Full article >>> Introns are spliced out of the RNA transcript during its processing to m RNA . kbp kilobase pairs. A measure of size of double- strand ed DN...

Introns

...e >>> Introns sometimes allow for alternative splicing of a gene , so that several different proteins that share some sections in common can be produced from a single gene . Full article >>> Introns are sequence s of DNA that interrupt a gene , but do not code for any...

Glycolysis

...Meyerhof pathway. The term can be taken to include alternative pathways, such as the Entner-Doudoroff Pathway. Full article >>> Glycolysis During glycolysis , glucose (C6) is broken down to two molecule s of pyruvate (C3). (* Compound s that end in "___ate" can be called "___ic acid". Exampl...

Gene product

...2; Now the term allele is used for two or more alternative forms of a gene resulting in different gene product s and thus different phenotype s. In a haploid set of chromosomes there is only one allele at its specific locus . Full article >>> FUSION PROTEIN - A product of recombi...

Gene amplification

...ifferent levels, from gene amplification , use of alternative promoter s, increased transcription and alternative splicing , to increased stability and trans latability of transcript s. Full article >>&#...

Gene

... s. Full article >>> Allele -- an alternative form of a gene ; any one of several mutation al ...ull article >>> Allele One of the alternative forms of a gene . Most genes in natural population s occur in more than one form. Biogeography ...

Exons

...ike structure. Full article >>> In alternative splicing , the same pre-mRNA molecule , which consists of introns and exons , is spliced in different ways to produce mature m RNA s of different lengths and different functionality. altruistic behavior (al-troo-is-tik) ... Full article >&...

DNA sequence

... or other regulating process, which regulates the alternative splicing . There are four known modes of alternative splicing : ... Full article >>> A DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcripti...

DNA repair

...t Purdue University discovered in arabidopsis an alternative to previously known mechanisms of DNA repair , which one scientist called a "parallel path of inheritance ". It was observed in mutation s of the HOTHEAD gene . Full article >>> Because many of the DNA repair mechanisms of cells...

Diffusion

...en diverging taxa, and to understand the spread of alternative adaptation s. (includes related information) Nature. Full article >>> In this overview we have hypothesized that production of high concentrations of NO can overcome the diffusion al barriers presented by the red cell and result in...

Dicer

...the dicer proteins , the RISC complex) a simple alternative for gene knockdown is Morpholino antisense oligos. Full article >>> Sed quaero a Te et Toto orbe differentiam genericam inter hominem et Simiam, quae ex principiis Historiae naturalis. Ego certissime nullam novi. Utinam aliquis mih...

Concentration gradient

...s about the physical mechanism of diffusion . For alternative meanings, see diffusion (disambiguation). Full article >>> Responses to the Concentration Gradient Coordinate genes such as bicoid lay down the grand plan, so to speak, upon which the genes downstream will act. The pattern of the...

Complement

...Full article >>> Complement ary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of diverse medical and h...Full article >>> Complement ary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments are the diverse group of medical and health care systems, practices, and p...

Amplification

...ferent levels, from gene amplification , use of alternative promoter s, increased transcription and alternative splicing , to increased stability and trans latability of transcript s. Full article >>&#...

Alternative splicing

...c. 1st Int. Conf. Full article >>> alternative splicing of the pre- messenger RNA s; RNA editi...ced transcript . Full article >>> alternative splicing In alternative splicing , the same pre-mRNA molecule , which consists of introns and...

Alleles

...;> multiple alleles one of three or more alternative forms of allelic series that all map to a specific locus Source: Jenkins, John B. 1990. Human Genetics , 2nd Edition. New York: Harper & Row ... Full article >>> alleles whose summed effect is that of lethality for example, ...

Allele

...>> An allele is any one of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given locus ...se. Full article >>> Definition: An alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromo...