activation

Viability

...onents of inflammation and oxidative stress on the activation of micro glial cells and neuron al cell viability . Full article >>> It sometimes does cause some loss of viability , so some modest impact on the behavior or lifespan of the vector . Oftentimes it's extremely subtle, and the v...

Transition

...tates Fig-1 demonstrates the relationship between activation energy ( Ea ) and enthalpy of formation ("H) with...bstrate . Cation. Full article >>> activation energy (DGo') The amount of energy (SI unit of joules) required to convert 1 mole of a reactant fro...

Transcription unit

...n mediated by a protein that is required for the activation of a transcription unit . A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Full article >>> transcription unit The sequence from the transcription al start site to the site of termination, inclusive of introns . tran...

Sequence homology

...H2 zinc finger s and a C-terminal transcription activation domain . Full article >>>...

Repulsion

...2; Overcoming this repulsion requires energy ( activation energy ), which is typically provided by the heat of the system; i.e. Full article >>> An electrode under each patch permits selective attr action and repulsion of interrogating sequence s as well as trans fer of test DNA stran...

Repression

... But clearly we have examples where you have both activation and repression in this process. And that's commo...al processes. The whole concept that you need both activation and repression is a common theme throughout biology . Full article >>> Seventy-fiv...

Receptor

... >>> Apoptosis is often induced by activation of death receptor s (DR) belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor ( TNFR ) family . Examples are Fas (CD95), TNFR-1 and TNFR -related apoptosis -mediated protein (TRAMP). Full article >>> GRE: Glucocorticoid Respons...

Programmed cell death

...l death brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of "suicide" proteins in the cells destined to die. aposematic coloration (ap-oh-so-mat-ik) ... Full article >>> Apoptosis - Programmed cell death Glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuron al injury Cellular prolifera...

Phosphorylation

...ll article >>> phosphorylation and activation of enzymes release of Ca2+ into the cytosol from stores within the endoplasmic reticulum ... Full article >>> Phosphorylation : Phosphorylation at the PKA sites primes Ci for phosphorylation by GSK3 (Jia, 2002, Price, 2002)...

Phagocytosis

...nfection. Character istics of apoptosis include activation of a Caspase pathway, digestion of structural proteins , degradation of chromosomal DNA , and phagocytosis of the cell . Full article >>>...

Operator

...62;> operator A gene responsible for the activation and deactivation of the structural gene s. Full article >>> operator - site on DNA at which repressor protein binds to prevent transcription , e.g. in the lac operon . organogenesis - creation of specific tissue s and b...

Nervous system

...ones and jellyfish, have a nerve net, in which the activation of any one neuron triggers a wave of activation across the entire network. Full article >>> The nervous system monitors and control...

Hyperpolarization

...icle >>> Adenosine causes an acute activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NO release, with membrane hyperpolarization leading to increased system y+ activity in fetal endothelial cells . Full article >>>...

Humoral immunity

...all the accessory processes that accompany it: Th2 activation and cytokine production, germinal center formation and isotype switching, affinity maturation and memory cell generation. Full article >>> Humoral immunity is mediated by secreted antibodies , produced in cells of the B lymph o...

Hormone

...ression of apoptosis ( programmed cell death ), activation or inhibition of the immune system , ... Full article >>> hormone a chemical substance that is secreted by one organ and produces specific effects elsewhere Source: Noland, George B. 1983. General Biology , 11th Edition. St. Loui...

Helper T cell

...nse , including B- cell antibody production and activation of macrophages and other cells that participate in immune reactions. Loss of helper T cell s, as occurs in HIV infection, ... Full article >>>...

Heart

...pon mitochondria l Ca2+ content and dehydrogenase activation in the rat heart . Full article >>> heart -- Muscular pump which circulates the blood. hemoglobin -- protein complex found in the blood of most chordates and the roots of certain legumes. Full article >>> hea...

Glial cells

...onents of inflammation and oxidative stress on the activation of micro glial cells and neuron al cell viability . Full article >>> White matter, the mass of glial cells that support the cerebral grey matter, was assumed to primarily provide nourishment, physical support and connective path...

Gene expression

...ticle >>> Three hours after m1 mAChR activation a different pattern of gene expression was demonstrated. It included the novel genes Gig-3 and Gig-4, as well as the LIM-only protein LM04. Full article >>> Dr. Richard M organ , of the National Human Genome Research Institute'...

Fusion Protein

...ting them. Link to a discussion. This unrestrained activation ... Full article >>> 11-22 3 MOZ fusion protein s in acute myeloid leukaemia Philip J.F. Troke, Karin B. Kindle, Hilary M. Collins and David M. Heery..........23-39 4 Mechanistic studies of the m RNA transcription cycle Patrick Cra...

Fatty acids

...pon mitochondria l Ca2+ content and dehydrogenase activation in the rat heart . Full article >>> increased fatty acid synthesis - insulin forces fat cells to take in glucose which is converted to fatty acids ; lack of insulin causes the reverse ... Full article >>> 1995:...

Enzymes

...ysts, they speed up the reactions by reducing the activation energy for a particular chemical change. Full article >>> Enzymes : A protein molecule in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cells ...

Enzyme

...ysts, they speed up the reactions by reducing the activation energy for a particular chemical change. Full article >>> Enzyme s : A protein molecule in a plant or animal that catalyzes specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed. Eukaryotic cell...

Endonuclease

...on of the ΔΨm and simultaneously prevent activation of downstream caspase s and endonuclease s, ... Full article >>> A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease ) is an enzyme that cuts double- strand ed DNA . The enzyme makes two incisions, one through each of the p...

Downstream

...>>> Downstream from TNF-R1 and Fas activation - at least in mammalian cells - a balance betwee...wnstream executioner caspase s-3 and -7 that the activation event is proteolytic cleavage , and this had been assumed to apply to the initiator caspase s as w...

DNA damage

...nfection. Character istics of apoptosis include activation of a Caspase pathway, digestion of structural proteins , degradation of chromosomal DNA , and phagocytosis of the cell . Full article >>> 165-180 17 The p53 response during DNA damage : impact of transcription al cofactors ...

Dendritic cell

...r ized by high endocytic activity and low T- cell activation potential. Dendritic cell s constantly sample the surroundings for virus es and bacteria . Full article >>> Dendritic cell s ingest antigen by phagocytosis or pinocytosis ; degrade it in lysosomes , and display fragments of...

Dendrites

...passively, without action potential s and without activation of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> dendrites Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body of a neuron . PICTURE dendrochronology The process of determining the age of a tree or wood used in ...

Dendrite

...passively, without action potential s and without activation of voltage-gated ion channel s. Full article >>> dendrite s Short, highly branched fibers that carry signals toward the cell body of a neuron . PICTURE dendrochronology The process of determining the age of a tree or wood used i...

Cytoplasm

...>>> Hybrid dysgenesis results from activation of the transposition ability of dormant P elements . P elements are maintained in a dormant state by a factor present in P cytoplasm . Transposition causes a variety of genetic aberrations. Full article >>> Their flower s...

Caspase

Caspase activation is the 'point of no return' commitment to cell d...nfection. Character istics of apoptosis include activation of a Caspase pathway, digestion of structural proteins , degradation of chromosomal DNA , and ...

Apoptosis

...l death brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of "suicide" proteins in the cells destined to die. aposematic coloration ... Full article >>> apoptosis Genetically determined cell death, "programmed" cell death. apopyle In sponges, opening of the radial cana...

Antigen

...ull article >>> antigen detection activation of helper T cell s antibody production by B cells Each stage is directed by a specific cell type. Full article >>> Antigen ic variation : Mechanism to ensure rapid sequence variation of the gene (s) encoding homologues o...

Adenosine

...icle >>> Adenosine causes an acute activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NO release, with membrane hyperpolarization leading to increased system y+ activity in fetal endothelial cells . Full article >>> adenosine mono-, di- and triphosphates (AMP, ADP...

Activation energy

The activation energy in chemistry and biology is the threshol...article >>> Activation energy The activation energy in chemistry is the energy needed by a system to initiate a particular process. Activation ...

Action potential

...ive gates in sodium and potassium ion channel s. activation energy ... Full article >>> action potential A reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron that occurs when a nerve cell is stimulated; caused by rapid changes in membrane permeability to sodium a...

Action

...ive gates in sodium and potassium ion channel s. activation energy ... Full article >>> action potential A reversal of the electrical potential in the plasma membrane of a neuron that occurs when a nerve cell is stimulated; caused by rapid changes in membrane permeability to sodium...

Acids

...pon mitochondria l Ca2+ content and dehydrogenase activation in the rat heart . Full article >>> Alterations in amino acids that may be distant from each other in the primary sequence can lead to changes in folding. Full article >>> This technique was used, for example, in ...