Vector in Biological Definition

Gradient

... In vector calculus , the gradient of a scalar field is a vector field which points in the direction of the ... is noted by: where ( nabla ) is the vector differential operator del , and φ is a ...

Operator

... most frequently met usage is a mapping between vector spaces ; this kind of operator is distinguished by taking one vector and returning another. For example, consider an ... 3.4 Fundamental operators on scalar and vector fields 4 Operators in physics 5 See ...

Malaria

... parasite , Plasmodium (one of the Apicomplexa ) and the transmission vector for human malarial parasite is the Anopheles mosquito . For his ... and Training in Tropical Diseases story of the discovery of the vector of the malarial parasite History of discoveries in malaria New ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... PCR is often used to amplify the gene, which can then be inserted into a vector (a vector is a piece of DNA which 'carries' the gene into the GEO) such as a ...

Biotechnology

... See also Biochemistry Bioreactor Biorobotics EU Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions Expression vector Genetic engineering genetically modified food Industrial biotechnology intein List of publications in biology#biotechnology ...

Biomechanics

... mechanisms and structures can be simulated and studied. Relevant mathematical tools include linear algebra , differential equations , vector and tensor calculus , and computational techniques such as the finite element method. The study of biomaterials is of crucial importance to ...

Blood

... for transfusable blood. A person receiving a blood transfusion must have a blood type compatible with that of the donor. Blood is an important vector of infection. AIDS , the virus of which, HIV , is transmitted through contact between blood, semen , or the bodily secretions of an infected ...

Cloning

... an organism . Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organism (for example by PCR) and insert it into a second organism (usually via a vector ), where it can be used and studied. Cloning a gene sometimes can refer to success in identifying a gene associated with some phenotype . For ...

Gene therapy

... extracted easily, such as the blood or liver . In vivo For in vivo techniques the challenge of inserting the genes is even greater. The vector carriers have a difficult task to complete: they must deliver the genes to enough cells for results to be achieved and they have to remain undetected ...

Potential energy

... and it is possible to define a numerical value of potential associated with every point in space. A force field can be re-obtained by taking the vector gradient of the potential field. For example, gravity is a conservative force . The work done by a unit mass going from point A with U = a ...

Vaccine

... than introducing a whole inactivated or attenuated micro-organism to an immune system, a fragment of it can create an immune response Recombinant vector - by combining the physiology of one micro-organism and the DNA of the other, immunity can be created against diseases that have complex infection ...

Virus

... is called a virion — a package of viral genetic material. Virions can be passed from host to host either through direct contact or through a vector , or carrier. Inside the organism, the virus can enter a cell in various ways. Bacteriophages —bacterial viruses—attach to the cell wall ...