Transmembrane in Biological Definition

ATPase

... solutes across the membrane. (These are called transmembrane ATPases ). transmembrane ATPases import many of the metabolites necessary ... . Besides exchangers, other categories of transmembrane ATPase include cotransporters and pumps (however, ...

Ion gradient

... side to the low concentration side through transmembrane proteins which can use them as energy. Several ... the most common one is the proton gradient. transmembrane ATPases or transmembrane proteins with ATPase domains are often used for ...

Ion channel

... Voltage-gated channels sense the transmembrane potential and open or close in response to ... impulse, consists of four subunits with six transmembrane helices each. On activation, these helices move ... example, consist of just this "P" loop and two transmembrane helices. The determination of their molecular ...

Signal transduction

... Hormones 3 Types of receptors 3.1 transmembrane receptors 3.1.1 Hormone recognition by transmembrane receptors 3.1.2 Signal transduction of transmembrane receptors by structural changes 3.1.3 Signal ...

Transmembrane protein

... A transmembrane protein is an integral membrane protein that ... in which it is embedded. Extraction of a transmembrane protein in the absence of a detergent will ... inside and outside the cell or compartment. transmembrane proteins often have their N-terminal on the ...

Transmembrane receptor

... transmembrane receptors are integral membrane proteins , ... of such molecules on one side of the membrane, transmembrane receptors initiate a response on the other side. ... and signal transduction . Many transmembrane receptors are composed of two or more protein ...

ATP synthase

... a reversible enzyme. Large enough quantities of ATP cause it to create a transmembrane proton gradient , this is used by fermenting bacteria which do not ... chloroplast electron transfer chain proton pump transmembrane ATPase External links "ATP synthase - a splendid molecular ...

Synapse

... cell membrane, causing ions to rush in or out and changing the local transmembrane potential of the cell. The result is excitatory , in the case of ... strength is the amount of current , or, more strictly, the change in transmembrane potential of the synapse. It is subject to biological regulation. The ...

Active transport

... Primary active transport directly uses energy to transport molecules across a membrane. Most of the enzymes that perform this type of transport are transmembrane ATPases . A primary ATPase universal to all cellular life is the sodium-potassium pump , which helps maintain the cell potential . Secondary ...

Apoptosis

... membrane, and belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily [10] . The Fas ligand (FasL, the protein that binds to Fas and activates the Fas pathway) is a transmembrane protein, and is part of the TNF family. The interaction between Fas and FasL results in the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... membrane . The ER is the site of the translation and folding of and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins ) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or " exocytosed " from the cell (e.g., digestive ...

Major histocompatibility complex

... Mhc Class I molecules are found on almost every nucleated cell of the body. Class I molecules are heterodimers , consisting of a single transmembrane polypeptide chain (the α-chain) and a β 2 microglobulin (which is encoded elsewhere, not in the MHC). The α chain has two ...

Peripheral membrane protein

... membrane proteins , or by interactions with the lipid polar head. Therefore the so-called regulatory protein subunits of many ion channels and transmembrane receptors , for example, may be defined as peripheral membrane proteins. These proteins, in contrast to integral membrane proteins, tend to collect ...

Proton pump

... this flow to synthesize ATP. Bacteriorhodopsin is a photosynthetic pigment used by archaea , most notably halobacteria . See also: transmembrane ATPase active transport cytochrome mitochondrion chloroplast electron transfer chain proton pump inhibitor ATP ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... membrane . The ER is the site of the translation and folding of and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins ) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or " exocytosed " from the cell (e.g., digestive ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... membrane . The ER is the site of the translation and folding of and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins ) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or " exocytosed " from the cell (e.g., digestive ...

Second messenger

... a cell . They are synthesized or released by specific enzymatic reactions, usually as a result of an external signal that was received by a transmembrane receptor and pre-processed by other membrane-associated proteins . There are three basic types of second messenger molecules: Hydrophobic ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... membrane . The ER is the site of the translation and folding of and transport of proteins that are to become part of the cell membrane (e.g., transmembrane receptors and other integral membrane proteins ) as well as proteins that are to be secreted or " exocytosed " from the cell (e.g., digestive ...