Toxic in Biological Definition

Osmoregulation

... other substances such as hormones which would be toxic if allowed to accumulate in the blood via organs ... products of nitrogen metabolism Ammonia is a toxic by-product of protein metabolism and is generally converted to less toxic substances after it is produced then excreted; ...

Peroxisome

... cells. Peroxisomes function to rid the cell of toxic substances, such as hydrogen peroxide , or other ... which converts H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of cellular metabolism ) to H 2 O and ... of peroxisomes can be found in the liver, where toxic byproducts are known to accumulate. All of the ...

Protein

... by the body releases ammonia , an extremely toxic substance. It is then converted in the liver into urea , a much less toxic chemical, which is excreted in urine . Some ... to overreact, liver dysfunction from increased toxic residues, possibly bone loss due to increased ...

Vacuole

... the cell, sequestering materials that might be toxic to the cell, maintaining fluid balance (called ... (such as calcium ) and other substances, like toxic byproducts which are hence removed from the ... salts (e.g., salts of calcium). Separation of toxic byproducts from cell metabolism . Storage of ...

Ethyl alcohol

... by the inclusion of small amounts of substances that are either toxic (such as methanol ) or unpleasant (such as denatonium ), thus avoiding ... or inventory controls. Denatured ethanol has the UN number UN 1987 and toxic denatured ethanol has UN 1986. Use Ethanol is used as a fuel ...

Extinction

... when an otherwise healthy species is wiped out completely, as when toxic pollution renders its entire habitat unlivable; or may occur gradually ... This may occur by direct effects, such as the environment becoming toxic , or indirectly, by limiting a species' ability to compete effectively for ...

Alcohol

... are substantially more poisonous than ethanol, partly because they take much longer to be metabolized, and often their metabolism produces even more toxic substances. Methanol, or wood alcohol , for instance, is oxidized by alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes in the liver to the poisonous formaldehyde , ...

Ames test

... form due to random mutation not caused by the agent; therefore, data analysis using control dishes is necessary. Occasionally a tested agent will be toxic enough to simply kill the bacterial culture in which case a "thin lawn" is observed. S-9 In some Ames assays an S-9 mix is added. The S-9 ...

Antibiotic

... secretion and noted its antibacterial properties. Pyocyanase, secreted by Bacillus pyocyaneus, retarded the growth of other bacteria in situ and was toxic to many disease-causing bacteria. Unfortunately, pyocyanase's own toxicity and unstable character prevented its use as an effective, safe antibiotic ...

Bacterium

... techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as insulin , or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes . Miscellaneous In terms of evolution, bacteria are thought to be very old organisms, appearing about 3.7 billion years ago. Two ...

Colchicine

... would lead to intolerable side-effects. Toxicity Poisoning resembles intoxication with arsenic : symptoms start 2 to 5 hours after the toxic dose has been ingested and include burning in the mouth and throat, fever , vomiting , diarrhea , abdominal pain and kidney failure . Death ...

Morphogenesis

... responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic chemicals or radionuclides released as pollutants. See also embryogenesis embryo model organism Drosophila embryogenesis ...

Bacterium

... techniques, bacteria can be bioengineered for the production of therapeutic drugs, such as insulin , or for the bioremediation of toxic wastes . Miscellaneous In terms of evolution, bacteria are thought to be very old organisms, appearing about 3.7 billion years ago. Two ...

Eukaryote

... For instance, lysosomes contain enzymes that break down the contents of food vacuoles, and peroxisomes are used to break down peroxide which is toxic otherwise. Many protozoa have contractile vacuoles, which collect and expel excess water, and extrusomes , which expel material used to deflect ...

Growth curve

... shrink following chemotherapy is related to the rate of tumor growth before treatment. Tumors that grow rapidly are generally more sensitive to the toxic effects that conventional anticancer drugs have on the cancer cells . Many conventional anticancer drugs (for example, 5-Fluoro Uracil ) interfere ...

Kidney

... disorder. Pyelonephritis is infection of the kidneys and is frequently caused by complication of a urinary tract infection . Azotemia is a toxic condition characterized by abnormal and dangerously high levels of urea, creatinine, various body waste compounds, and other nitrogen-rich compounds ...

Morphogenesis

... responses may be induced in organisms by hormones , or by environmental chemicals ranging from substances produced by other organisms to toxic chemicals or radionuclides released as pollutants. See also embryogenesis embryo model organism Drosophila embryogenesis ...

Mycology

... secondary metabolites . For example, the cosmopolitian (worldwide) genus Fusarium and their toxins associated with fatal outbreaks of alimentary toxic aleukia in humans were extensively studied by Abraham Joffe . Also, fungi are fundamental for life on earth in their roles as symbionts , e.g. in ...

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

... which were the most commonly used class of antidepressants before the development of SSRIs. However, SSRIs have the important advantage that their toxic dose is high, and, therefore, they are much more difficult to use as a means to commit suicide . Further, they have fewer or milder side effects ...

Urea cycle

... from ammonia . This cycle, also known as ornithine cycle, was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932) Urea is much less toxic than ammonia, therefore organisms which can't easily and quickly remove ammonia usually have to convert it to some other substance, like urea or ...

Vaccine

... provoke durable immunological responses. Examples include yellow fever , measles , rubella , and mumps . Toxoids - these are inactivated toxic compounds from micro-organisms in cases where these (rather than the micro-organism itself) causes illness. Examples of toxoid-based vaccines ...

Vesicle

... that could damage the cell if they would occur in the cytosol. For example, peroxisomes are detoxifiers of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a toxic byproduct of cell metabolism. Large storage vesicles are known as vacuoles . Mechanisms Assembly of a protein coat drives vesicle formation ...