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System in Biological Definition

Anatomy

... a description of the structures of an organ or system (such as nerves , arteries , heart , and so ... built. Major body systems: Integumentary system Muscular system ...

Antibody

... An antibody is a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like ... The main reason that the human immune system is capable of binding so many antigens is the ... gene for each possible antigen, the immune system would require many more genes than exist in the ...

Apoptosis

... tissue or from a cell that is part of the immune system . If a cell's capability of apoptosis is ... as part of the hijacking of the cell's genetic system carried out by human papillomaviruses (HPV), a ... and attack healthy body cells. The way the immune system regulates this process is by "deleting" both the ...

Axon

... the primary transmission lines of the nervous system , and as bundles they help make up nerves . ... insulating those of the central nervous system . Along myelinated nerve fibers, gaps in the ... the first intracellular recordings in a nervous system were made in the late 1930's by K. Cole and H. ...

Biology

... -- Animalia However, this five-kingdom system is now considered by many to be outdated. More ... generally begin with the three-domain system : Archaea (originally Archaebacteria) -- ... , archaea , and eukaryotes (see Three domain system ). Homeostasis: adapting to change Main ...

Blood

... and contains various components of the immune system defending the body against infection . ... the heart through the veins . See circulatory system for a more detailed description of this ... or leukocytes (3.0%), are part of the immune system ; they destroy infectious agents. Platelets ...

Brain

... , is the supervisory center of the nervous system . Although the brain is usually cited as the ... be used for the invertebrate central nervous system . In most animals, the brain is located in the ... known as neocortex . The meninges are the system of membranes that separate the skull from the ...

Carolus Linnaeus

... in a simple and orderly manner. Although the system now known as binomial nomenclature was ... became known as the Linnaean taxonomy : the system of scientific classification now widely used in the biological sciences . The Linnaean system classified living things within a hierarchy , ...

Culture

... or nation. Culture is a part of the social system and hierarchically equal to an economic system , political system , or ...

Diabetes mellitus

... disorder , in which the body's own immune system attacks the beta cells in the Islets of ... sympathetic activation of the autonomic nervous system - they may experience feelings similar to dread ... style (ie, optical color sensing) monitoring system Prolonged and elevated levels of glucose in ...

Diffusion

... 2.1.1 Diffusion in the respiratory system 2.1.2 Facilitated diffusion 2.1.3 Net flux ... in cell biology Diffusion in the respiratory system In mammalian lungs , a process of diffusion ... motion Cell membrane Circulatory system Diffusion equation Effusion ...

Endomembrane system

... The endomembrane system is the system of internal membranes within eukaryotic cells ... . Prokaryotes do not have an endomembrane system and thus lack most organelles. The ...

Equilibrium

... in the natural and social sciences. In general, a system is said to be in a state of equilibrium if all influences on the system are cancelled by the effects of others. A ... Thermodynamic equilibrium , the state of a system in which its internal processes cause no net ...

Homeostasis

... or homoeostasis is the property of an open system , especially living organisms, to regulate its ... oppose change to maintain equilibrium. If the system does not succeed in reestablishing its balance, it may ultimately lead the system to stop functioning. Complex systems , such as ...

Hormone

... but hormones are produced by nearly every organ system and tissue type in a human or animal body. ... death), activation or inhibition of the immune system , regulating metabolism and preparation for a ... h in gonadotrophin. See also endocrine system plant hormones or plant growth regulators ...

Immune system

... The immune system is the collection of organs and tissues involved ... It may be broken down into the adaptive immune system (only found in vertebrates [1] ), composed of ... systems, encompassing both the adaptive immune system and other passive defenses, such as the skin. ...

Immunology

... that covers study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms . It deals with, among other ... the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders ( autoimmune diseases ...

Life

... nucleic acid replicated, protein readout system "a system of inferior negative feedbacks subordinated to a ... of life as a highly organized auto-cannibalizing system naturally emerging from conditions common on ...

Limbic system

... The limbic system is a group of brain structures that are ... and also in the formation of memory . The limbic system affects the endocrine system and the autonomic ...

Lung

... lung is an organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates . Its function is ... but highly efficient crosscurrent exchange system in their lungs, accompanied by air sacs to ...

Major histocompatibility complex

... containing many genes with important immune system roles. In humans , the MHC spans almost 4 ... termed antigens . Interestingly, the immune system has another, equally important method to identify ... Mhc -TCR interaction. This duplicity creates a system of "checks and balances" and underscores the ...

Malaria

... protected from attack by the body's immune system because it stays inside liver and blood cells. ... immune system. By the time the human immune system learns to recognise the protein and starts making ... the protein, making it difficult for the immune system to keep up. The stickiness of the red blood ...

Muscle

... sensory information to the central nervous system . Skeletal muscle is arranged in discrete ... loops such as that of the extrapyramidal system contribute signals to influence muscle tone and ... tract (e.g. asthma ), the digestive system (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome ) and the ...

Nervous system

... The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the ... , and initiates actions . (see Central Nervous system ). In animals with brains , the nervous system also generates and conducts thoughts and ....

Neuron

... cells ) are the primary cells of the nervous system . In vertebrates , they are found in the brain ... nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system . Contents ... from tissues and organs into the central nervous system . Efferent neurons transmit signals from the ...

Neuroscience

... , pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system . The study of behavior and learning is also a ... cerebellum , and at the highest level the nervous system as a whole. At this highest level, ... there are so many differences between the nervous system and the rest of the body, both in terms of ...

Nutrition

... birth ) is acquired from food in the digestive system . Not all the food matter in the stomach can be ... It is now also known that the human digestion system contains a population of a range of bacteria ... goitre , scurvy, osteoporosis , poor immune system response (and indirectly some forms of cancers), ...

Olfaction

... in the nose and processed by the olfactory system . Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") ... features to other parts of the olfactory system in the brain, which puts together the features ... the combination of features gives the olfactory system a broad range of odors that it can detect. Odor ...

Origin of life

... of life. Moreover, he presented a consistent system of tracing today's biochemistry back to ancestral ... below the surface of another body in our solar system would lend significant credence to this theory. ... common in space, especially in the outer solar system where volatiles are not evaporated by solar ...

Skeleton

... In biology , the skeleton or skeletal system is the biological system providing support in living organisms. (By ... or sclerotization). An internal skeletal system consists of rigid structures within the body, ...

Stem cell

... motor neuron cells, which are key to the nervous system , develop in the first place. Stem cell ... between cord blood stem cell type and the immune system of a patient because the latter accepts the ... stage far from possessing a nervous system , and thus biologically speaking do not have ...

Synapse

... junctions through which cells of the nervous system signal to one another and to non-neuronal cells ... in which the neurons of the central nervous system interconnect. They are thus crucial to the ... also provide the means through which the nervous system connects to and controls the other systems of the ...

Systems biology

... between various parts of a biological system (e.g. organelles , cells , physiological ... eventually an understandable model of the whole system can be developed. Nevertheless, the complexity ... the definition of behaviours or properties of the system which characterise the particular state of ...

Vaccine

... by insertion (and expression , triggering immune system recognition) into human or animal cells, of viral ... results. Developing immunity The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys ... version of an agent comes along, the immune system is thus prepared to respond, by (1) neutralizing ...

Unsolved problems in biology

... electric fields? Viruses / Immune system . What causes immune system deficiencies ? What are the signs of current or ... ? What leads to the complexity of the immune system ? What is the relationship between the ...

Vestibular system

... The vestibular system , or balance system , is the sensory system that provides the ... of rotations and translations, the vestibular system comprises two components: the semicircular ...

Astrobiology

... the conditions on other planets in the solar system with extreme environments on Earth . Microbes ... , among others. Several planets in the Solar system have similar conditions and could well harbour ... of life on other planets in our solar system . See also Artificial life ...

Activation energy

... The activation energy in chemistry is the energy needed by a system to initiate a particular process. Activation energy is often used to ... because temperature is a measure of the average energy of the system - individual molecules can have more or less energy than the average. ...

Artificial life

... consisting of a "head" and "tail" boxcar could use the simple rules of the system to consistently create new "organisms" identical to itself, so long as ... we say that a system, or a subsystem, is alive?" "What is the smallest system that we can consider alive?" "Why is nature able to achieve an ...

Biodiversity

... The loss of a species is thus likely to decreases the ability of the system to maintain itself or to recover from damage or disturbance. Just like a ... Biodiversity: time and space Biodiversity is not static: it is a system in constant evolution, from a species, as well as from an individual ...
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