Active transport
... Secondary transport concerns the diffusion of one
species across a membrane to drive the transport of ...
Counter-transport
In counter-transport two
species of ion or other solute are pumped in opposite directions across a membrane. One of these
species is allowed to flow from high to low ...
Adaptive radiation
... the rapid speciation of a single or a few
species to fill many ecological niches . This is an ... .
Adaptive radiation often occurs when a
species is introduced to a new ecosystem , or when a
species can survive in an environment that was ...
Alfred Russel Wallace
... as the Wallace line . One of his better known
species descriptions during this trip is the gliding tree ... of species, and concludes that "Every
species has come into existence coincident both in space ... that he was interested in the question of how
species originate, and trusted his opinion on the matter. ...
Biology
... and behaviors of organisms , how
species and individuals come into existence, and the ... modern synthesis . The evolutionary history of a
species —which tells the characteristics of the various
species from which it descended—together with its ...
Biodiversity
...
4.2 Biodiversity: time and space
4.3
species inventory
4.4 Hotspots of biodiversity
... and the individuals of the same species
species diversity - diversity among
species
ecosystem diversity - diversity at a higher ...
Bioinformatics
... sequences. A comparison of genes within a
species or between different
species can show similarities between protein functions, or relations between
species (the use of molecular systematics to construct ...
Carnivore
...
Scavenger birds, like vultures
Several
species of waterfowl including gulls , penguins , ...
Crocodilians
Sharks and many other
species of fish
Toothed whales
Octopuses and ... and other insects
There are also several
species of carnivorous plants , though most are ...
Charles Darwin
... proposal in 1859 in the book The Origin of
species , which remains his most famous work.
A ... of theory
6.1 Publication of Origin of
species
6.2 Reaction
7 Orchids, Variation, ... on different Galpagos Islands , formed distinct
species in nearby territories. On return he would find ...
Chromosome
...
3 Chromatin
4 Chromosomes in different
species
5 Karyotype
6 Human chromosome
7 ... ribosomal RNA .
Chromosomes in different
species
Table 1: Examples of chromosome numbers (diploid).
species
# of chromosomes
...
Cladistics
... within them. In an upright cladogram (one with
species listed at the top, and a "root" at the bottom), a
species or clade is basal to another clade if it ... group in question. Conversely, one clade or
species can be described as nested within another. Thus ...
Cloning
... Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1
species cloned
2 Health aspects
3 Human cloning
4 Cloning extinct
species
5 Commercial cloning
6 Cloning in Fiction
7 External links
species cloned
The modern cloning techniques involving ...
Common descent
... by Charles Darwin in his book The Origin of
species ( 1859 ), and later in The Descent of Man ( ... at that this fitness is present in all the
species that are currently in existence? Chance, one ... organs could not perpetuate ... The
species we see today are but the smallest part of what ...
Competitive exclusion principle
... or just Gause's Law , states that two
species that compete for the exact same resources cannot ... (or short plankton paradox ): All plankton
species live on a very limited number of resources, ... principle, only a small number of plankton
species should be able to coexist on these resources. ...
Bioinformatics
... sequences. A comparison of genes within a
species or between different
species can show similarities between protein functions, or relations between
species (the use of molecular systematics to construct ...
Eugenics
... the purposes of attempting to improve the human
species over generations in regards to hereditary ... Darwin . After reading Darwin's Origin of
species , Galton was struck with an interpretation of ... school of the study of variation in humans (and
species in general) focused on mean values and ...
Evolution
... over generations, including the emergence of new
species . Since the development of modern genetics in ... for both the modern theory that all extant
species share a common ancestor as well as the mechanisms ... result in speciation , the evolution of a new
species . An absolute distinction between macroevolution ...
Evolutionary biology
... concerned with the origin and descent of
species , as well as their change over time, i.e. their ... paucity of morphological traits and the lack of a
species concept in microbiology. Now, evolutionary ...
Charles Darwin (1859) The Origin of
species and (1871) The Descent of Man and Selection ...
Experimental evolution
... varieties with extreme differences from a single
species was already recognized by Charles Darwin . In fact, he started out his book The Origin of
species with a chapter on variation in domestic ... breeds several truly-inherited sub-breeds, or
species as he might have called them, could be shown ...
Extinction
... , extinction is the ceasing of existence of a
species or group of species. The moment of extinction is ... phenomenon; it is estimated that 99.9% of all
species that have ever lived are now extinct. In the theory of evolution , new
species are created by speciation — where new ...
Flagellum
... set up by the cell's metabolism (in Vibrio
species the motor is a sodium ion pump, rather than a ... may have evolved from such pores.
Different
species of bacteria have different numbers and ... flagella projecting in all directions.
Some
species of bacteria (those of Spirochete body form) ...
Flaviviridae
... following genera:
Genus Flavivirus (type
species Yellow fever virus , others include West Nile virus )
Genus Hepacivirus (type
species Hepatitis C virus )
Genus Pestivirus (type
species Bovine viral diarrhea virus , others include ...
Gamete
... organisms that reproduce sexually . In those
species that produce two morphologically distinct types ... produces only one type, " females " of the
species produce the larger gamete called an ovum (or ... of chromosomes (the actual number varies from
species to species). When two gametes unite (typically in ...
Fungus
...
4 Nutrition and ecology
4.1 Pathogenic
species
5 Taxonomy
6 Miscellaneous
7 ... or dying organisms. Among the parasitic fungi are
species which are insectivorous or helminthivorous (worm-eating). Some insectivorous
species produce sticky substances which trap insects, ...
Gene
... of a gene family and can also be used in other
species , especially the mouse .
Typical numbers of ... up the genome of an organism, which in many
species is divided among several chromosomes and ... reside together on the Y chromosome .
Many
species carry more than one copy of their genome within ...
Hermaphrodite
... In zoology , a hermaphrodite is a
species that contains both male and female sexual ... that they seem to be evolving into different
species quite rapidly. Unlike other fishes, hamlets seem ... , while occurring in only about 7% of angiosperm
species (Molnar, 2004).
Etymology
The term ...
Human
... Biologically, humans are classified as the
species Homo sapiens ( Latin for "knowing man"): a ... humans are defined as hominids of the
species Homo sapiens , of which the only extant ... . They are usually considered the only surviving
species in the genus Homo , although some argue that ...
Ichthyology
... jawless fish ( Agnatha ). Since there are as many
species of fish as all other vertebrates put together, ... time, there is a bewildering variety; while most
species have probably been found and described, there is ... between 1859 and 1870 , describing over 6,800
species and mentioning another 1,700.
The greatest ...
Intron
... The amount of intron DNA varies widely between
species . The pufferfish
species Fugu rubripes has a very low amount of intron DNA, whereas related
species have higher amounts.
Introns are not to be ...
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
... 1800 , he was an essentialist who believed
species were unchanging. After working on the molluscs ... that transmutation or change in the nature of a
species occurred over time. He set out to develop an ... Lamarck in the third edition of The Origin of
species for supporting the concept of evolution and ...
Leaf
... the stem is called the leaf axil . Not every
species produces leaves with all of these structural ... variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from
species to
species is presented in detail below under Leaf types, ...
Macroecology
... techniques of macroecology include questions of
species richness and the species-area curve , range size , body size and
species abundance . For example, the relationship between abundance and range size (why
species that maintain large local population sizes tend ...
Marine biology
... many phyla , families and genera have some
species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology deals with those
species in which life is spent only (or mainly) in the ... of the terrestrial habitats on Earth.
Many
species are economically important to humans, including ...
Metapopulation
... of spatially separated populations of the same
species which interact at some level. The term ... but the idea has been most broadly applied to
species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats ... less than one, implies that some fraction of a
species habitat will always be unoccupied.
See also ...
Modern evolutionary synthesis
... Charles Darwin 's theory of the evolution of
species by natural selection with Gregor Mendel 's ...
Dobzhansky, T. Genetics and the Origin of
species , Columbia University Press, 1937 ISBN ...
Mayr, E. Systematics and the Origin of
species , Columbia University Press, 1942; Harvard ...
Natural selection
... Darwin's scientific theory of the evolution of
species through natural selection starts from the ... environment, and so on. When members of a
species become separated, such as geographically, they ... are considered separate species. This is why a
species will sometimes separate into multiple species, ...
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
... do not influence the fitness of either the
species or the individuals who make up the species. As a ... mathematics of drift, when looking between two
species or two isolated populations, most of their ... use to measure how much time has passed since
species diverged from a common ancestor. While the ...
Parallel evolution
... parallel evolution occurs when two independent
species evolve together at the same time in the same ... evolutionary relay describes how independent
species acquire similar characteristics through their ... banding pattern that is found in almost all
species of moths is another example of parallel ....
Parasitology
... to complex vertebrates . Every free-living
species has its own unique
species of parasite, so the number of parasitic
species greatly exceeds the number of free living ....
Parthenogenesis
... islands, as only a single (female) member of the
species has to reach the habitat to start the population. ... to changes in the physical environment.
Some
species alternate between the sexual and assexual ... Among the reptiles, about fifteen
species of whiptail lizard (genus Cnemidophorus ) ...
Phylogenetic tree
... evolutionary interrelationships among various
species or other entities that are believed to have a ... single gene or protein taken from a group of
species often differs from similar trees for the same group of
species , and therefore great care is needed in inferring ...