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Species in Biological Definition

Active transport

... Secondary transport concerns the diffusion of one species across a membrane to drive the transport of ... Counter-transport In counter-transport two species of ion or other solute are pumped in opposite directions across a membrane. One of these species is allowed to flow from high to low ...

Adaptive radiation

... the rapid speciation of a single or a few species to fill many ecological niches . This is an ... . Adaptive radiation often occurs when a species is introduced to a new ecosystem , or when a species can survive in an environment that was ...

Alfred Russel Wallace

... as the Wallace line . One of his better known species descriptions during this trip is the gliding tree ... of species, and concludes that "Every species has come into existence coincident both in space ... that he was interested in the question of how species originate, and trusted his opinion on the matter. ...

Biology

... and behaviors of organisms , how species and individuals come into existence, and the ... modern synthesis . The evolutionary history of a species —which tells the characteristics of the various species from which it descended—together with its ...

Biodiversity

... 4.2 Biodiversity: time and space 4.3 species inventory 4.4 Hotspots of biodiversity ... and the individuals of the same species species diversity - diversity among species ecosystem diversity - diversity at a higher ...

Bioinformatics

... sequences. A comparison of genes within a species or between different species can show similarities between protein functions, or relations between species (the use of molecular systematics to construct ...

Carnivore

... Scavenger birds, like vultures Several species of waterfowl including gulls , penguins , ... Crocodilians Sharks and many other species of fish Toothed whales Octopuses and ... and other insects There are also several species of carnivorous plants , though most are ...

Charles Darwin

... proposal in 1859 in the book The Origin of species , which remains his most famous work. A ... of theory 6.1 Publication of Origin of species 6.2 Reaction 7 Orchids, Variation, ... on different Galpagos Islands , formed distinct species in nearby territories. On return he would find ...

Chromosome

... 3 Chromatin 4 Chromosomes in different species 5 Karyotype 6 Human chromosome 7 ... ribosomal RNA . Chromosomes in different species Table 1: Examples of chromosome numbers (diploid). species # of chromosomes ...

Cladistics

... within them. In an upright cladogram (one with species listed at the top, and a "root" at the bottom), a species or clade is basal to another clade if it ... group in question. Conversely, one clade or species can be described as nested within another. Thus ...

Cloning

... Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 species cloned 2 Health aspects 3 Human cloning 4 Cloning extinct species 5 Commercial cloning 6 Cloning in Fiction 7 External links species cloned The modern cloning techniques involving ...

Common descent

... by Charles Darwin in his book The Origin of species ( 1859 ), and later in The Descent of Man ( ... at that this fitness is present in all the species that are currently in existence? Chance, one ... organs could not perpetuate ... The species we see today are but the smallest part of what ...

Competitive exclusion principle

... or just Gause's Law , states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot ... (or short plankton paradox ): All plankton species live on a very limited number of resources, ... principle, only a small number of plankton species should be able to coexist on these resources. ...

Bioinformatics

... sequences. A comparison of genes within a species or between different species can show similarities between protein functions, or relations between species (the use of molecular systematics to construct ...

Eugenics

... the purposes of attempting to improve the human species over generations in regards to hereditary ... Darwin . After reading Darwin's Origin of species , Galton was struck with an interpretation of ... school of the study of variation in humans (and species in general) focused on mean values and ...

Evolution

... over generations, including the emergence of new species . Since the development of modern genetics in ... for both the modern theory that all extant species share a common ancestor as well as the mechanisms ... result in speciation , the evolution of a new species . An absolute distinction between macroevolution ...

Evolutionary biology

... concerned with the origin and descent of species , as well as their change over time, i.e. their ... paucity of morphological traits and the lack of a species concept in microbiology. Now, evolutionary ... Charles Darwin (1859) The Origin of species and (1871) The Descent of Man and Selection ...

Experimental evolution

... varieties with extreme differences from a single species was already recognized by Charles Darwin . In fact, he started out his book The Origin of species with a chapter on variation in domestic ... breeds several truly-inherited sub-breeds, or species as he might have called them, could be shown ...

Extinction

... , extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. The moment of extinction is ... phenomenon; it is estimated that 99.9% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct. In the theory of evolution , new species are created by speciation — where new ...

Flagellum

... set up by the cell's metabolism (in Vibrio species the motor is a sodium ion pump, rather than a ... may have evolved from such pores. Different species of bacteria have different numbers and ... flagella projecting in all directions. Some species of bacteria (those of Spirochete body form) ...

Flaviviridae

... following genera: Genus Flavivirus (type species Yellow fever virus , others include West Nile virus ) Genus Hepacivirus (type species Hepatitis C virus ) Genus Pestivirus (type species Bovine viral diarrhea virus , others include ...

Gamete

... organisms that reproduce sexually . In those species that produce two morphologically distinct types ... produces only one type, " females " of the species produce the larger gamete called an ovum (or ... of chromosomes (the actual number varies from species to species). When two gametes unite (typically in ...

Fungus

... 4 Nutrition and ecology 4.1 Pathogenic species 5 Taxonomy 6 Miscellaneous 7 ... or dying organisms. Among the parasitic fungi are species which are insectivorous or helminthivorous (worm-eating). Some insectivorous species produce sticky substances which trap insects, ...

Gene

... of a gene family and can also be used in other species , especially the mouse . Typical numbers of ... up the genome of an organism, which in many species is divided among several chromosomes and ... reside together on the Y chromosome . Many species carry more than one copy of their genome within ...

Hermaphrodite

... In zoology , a hermaphrodite is a species that contains both male and female sexual ... that they seem to be evolving into different species quite rapidly. Unlike other fishes, hamlets seem ... , while occurring in only about 7% of angiosperm species (Molnar, 2004). Etymology The term ...

Human

... Biologically, humans are classified as the species Homo sapiens ( Latin for "knowing man"): a ... humans are defined as hominids of the species Homo sapiens , of which the only extant ... . They are usually considered the only surviving species in the genus Homo , although some argue that ...

Ichthyology

... jawless fish ( Agnatha ). Since there are as many species of fish as all other vertebrates put together, ... time, there is a bewildering variety; while most species have probably been found and described, there is ... between 1859 and 1870 , describing over 6,800 species and mentioning another 1,700. The greatest ...

Intron

... The amount of intron DNA varies widely between species . The pufferfish species Fugu rubripes has a very low amount of intron DNA, whereas related species have higher amounts. Introns are not to be ...

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

... 1800 , he was an essentialist who believed species were unchanging. After working on the molluscs ... that transmutation or change in the nature of a species occurred over time. He set out to develop an ... Lamarck in the third edition of The Origin of species for supporting the concept of evolution and ...

Leaf

... the stem is called the leaf axil . Not every species produces leaves with all of these structural ... variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from species to species is presented in detail below under Leaf types, ...

Macroecology

... techniques of macroecology include questions of species richness and the species-area curve , range size , body size and species abundance . For example, the relationship between abundance and range size (why species that maintain large local population sizes tend ...

Marine biology

... many phyla , families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology deals with those species in which life is spent only (or mainly) in the ... of the terrestrial habitats on Earth. Many species are economically important to humans, including ...

Metapopulation

... of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. The term ... but the idea has been most broadly applied to species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats ... less than one, implies that some fraction of a species habitat will always be unoccupied. See also ...

Modern evolutionary synthesis

... Charles Darwin 's theory of the evolution of species by natural selection with Gregor Mendel 's ... Dobzhansky, T. Genetics and the Origin of species , Columbia University Press, 1937 ISBN ... Mayr, E. Systematics and the Origin of species , Columbia University Press, 1942; Harvard ...

Natural selection

... Darwin's scientific theory of the evolution of species through natural selection starts from the ... environment, and so on. When members of a species become separated, such as geographically, they ... are considered separate species. This is why a species will sometimes separate into multiple species, ...

Neutral theory of molecular evolution

... do not influence the fitness of either the species or the individuals who make up the species. As a ... mathematics of drift, when looking between two species or two isolated populations, most of their ... use to measure how much time has passed since species diverged from a common ancestor. While the ...

Parallel evolution

... parallel evolution occurs when two independent species evolve together at the same time in the same ... evolutionary relay describes how independent species acquire similar characteristics through their ... banding pattern that is found in almost all species of moths is another example of parallel ....

Parasitology

... to complex vertebrates . Every free-living species has its own unique species of parasite, so the number of parasitic species greatly exceeds the number of free living ....

Parthenogenesis

... islands, as only a single (female) member of the species has to reach the habitat to start the population. ... to changes in the physical environment. Some species alternate between the sexual and assexual ... Among the reptiles, about fifteen species of whiptail lizard (genus Cnemidophorus ) ...

Phylogenetic tree

... evolutionary interrelationships among various species or other entities that are believed to have a ... single gene or protein taken from a group of species often differs from similar trees for the same group of species , and therefore great care is needed in inferring ...
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