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Sodium in Biological Definition

Alcohol

... still able to react with strong bases such as sodium hydride or reactive metals such as sodium . The salts that result are called alkoxides ... From aldehydes or ketones : reduction with sodium borohydride . From alkenes : an acid ...

Diabetes mellitus

... (polyuria) also produces increased losses of electrolytes , especially sodium , potassium , chloride , phosphate , and magnesium . Reduced fluid ... Gradual rehydration and restoration of depleted electrolytes (especially sodium and potassium) Insulin to reverse the ketosis and lower the glucose ...

Gel electrophoresis

... structure. Therefore, agents that disrupt the hydrogen bonds , such as sodium hydroxide or formamide , are used to renature the nucleic acids and ... are ususally denatured in the presense of a detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate /sodium docecyl phosphate (SDS/SDP) that coats the ...

Fehling's solution

... copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate 350 grams Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate) and 100 grams sodium hydroxide The cupric ion is complexed with the tartrate ion. Contact ...

Gel electrophoresis

... structure. Therefore, agents that disrupt the hydrogen bonds , such as sodium hydroxide or formamide , are used to renature the nucleic acids and ... are ususally denatured in the presense of a detergent such as sodium dodecyl sulfate /sodium docecyl phosphate (SDS/SDP) that coats the ...

Ion channel

... at its narrowest point, it conducts a specific species of ion, such as sodium or potassium , and conveys them through the membrane single file--nearly ... or hyperpolarization , respectively. Examples include the sodium and potassium voltage-gated channels of nerve and muscle, and the ...

Kidney

... on the other hand, becomes either acidic at pH 5 or alkaline at pH 8. sodium ions are controlled in a homeostatic process involving aldosterone which increases sodium ion absorption in the convoluted tubule. Any rise or drop in blood ...

Active transport

... of the other solute from a low concentration region to a high one. An example is the sodium-calcium exchanger or antiporter, which allows three sodium ions into the cell to transport one calcium out. Many cells also posses a calcium ATPase, which can operate at lower intracellular concentrations ...

Barbiturate

... Pentobarbital (Nembutal; hypnotic) Phenobarbital (Luminal; hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant) Secobarbital ( Seconal ; hypnotic) sodium thiopental Talbutal (Lotusate; hypnotic) Thiobarbital (anesthetic) Sometimes two or more barbiturates are combined in a single tablet or ...

Bacterium

... , and heliobacteria . Other nutritional requirements include nitrogen , sulfur , phosphorus , vitamins and metallic elements such as sodium , potassium , calcium , magnesium , manganese , iron , zinc , cobalt , copper and nickel for normal growth. For some species, additional ...

Blood

... albumin blood clotting factors immunoglobulins (antibodies) hormones various other proteins various electrolytes (mainly sodium ) Together, plasma and corpuscles form a non-Newtonian fluid whose flow properties are uniquely adapted to the architecture of the blood ...

Cellulose

... into a carbohydrate matrix , helping keep plants rigid. Given a cellulose material, the portion that does not dissolve in a 17.5% solution of sodium hydroxide at 20 deg C. is Alpha Cellulose , which is true cellulose; the portion that dissolves and then precipitates upon acidification is Beta ...

Ion gradient

... or transmembrane proteins with ATPase domains are often used for making and utilizing ion gradients. The enzyme Na+/K+ ATPase use ATP to make a sodium ion gradient and a potassium ion gradient. Proton gradients The proton gradient can be used as an intermediate energy storage for heat ...

Depolarization

... more positive with respect to the extracellular solution. Depolarization typically results from the influx of positively charged ions (such as sodium or calcium ) into the cell. Alternatively, depolarization can also happen if potassium channels are closed. Compare to hyperpolarization . ...

Digestion

... is stimulated by food arriving in stomach. The secretion is inhibited by low pH . Secretin - is in the duodenum and signals the secretion of sodium bicarbonate in the pancreas and it stimulates the bile secretion in the liver . This hormone responds to the acidity of the chyme. ...

Bacterium

... , and heliobacteria . Other nutritional requirements include nitrogen , sulfur , phosphorus , vitamins and metallic elements such as sodium , potassium , calcium , magnesium , manganese , iron , zinc , cobalt , copper and nickel for normal growth. For some species, additional ...

Flagellum

... ions ) across the bacterial cell membrane due to a concentration gradient set up by the cell's metabolism (in Vibrio species the motor is a sodium ion pump, rather than a proton pump ). The rotor transports protons across the membrane, and is turned in the process. The rotor by itself can ...

Molecular biology

... Western blotting , proteins are first separated by size, in a thin gel sandwiched between two glass plates. This technique is called SDS-PAGE (for sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Poly-Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). The proteins in the gel are then transferred to a PVDF, nitrocellulose, nylon or other support ...

Nephron

... vital to supporting human life. The nephron filters the blood by several processes concentrating the filtrates, reabsorbing ions (such as sodium , potassium , calcium , hydrogen , bicarbonate , chloride , and ammonium ions ), solutes (such as glucose , amino acids , phosphates , ...

Stoma

... a process called transpiration . The opening and closing of a stoma is controlled by guard cells that surround the opening and involves cellular sodium - potassium pumps. Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis. As these leaves are held ...

Vacuole

... but not proven that the main component of the dancing body is polyphosphate acid. But the main component has been determined to be crystallized sodium polyphosphate and its function has been studied. It is thought that its function is to supply and store phosphates in budding yeast cells. ...

Varicella zoster virus

... hexagonal form. Its DNA is a single linear, double strand molecule, 125,000 nt long. The virus is very susceptible to disinfectants , notably sodium hypochlorite . Within the body it can be treated by a number of drugs and therapeutic agents including aciclovir , zoster immunoglobulin (ZIG), and ...
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