Reproduction
...
reproduction is the creation of one thing as a copy of, ... most commonly used in the context of biological
reproduction and sex :
Sexual
reproduction is a biological process by which organisms ...
Cell growth
... ways in biology . When used in the context of
reproduction of living cells the phrase "cell growth" is ... by means of cell reproduction." During cell
reproduction one cell (the "parental" cell) divides to produce ... the study of cell size regulation
2 Cell
reproduction
2.1 Comparison of the three types of ...
Eugenics
... which advocates the manipulation of human
reproduction for the purposes of attempting to improve the ... as the time of Plato , who believed that human
reproduction should be controlled by authorities. He proposed ...
Eugenics developed to refer to human selective
reproduction with the intent to create children with desirable ...
Eukaryote
... plastids
4 Cytoskeletal structures
5
reproduction
6 Origin and evolution
7 References
... most eukaryotes have some process of sexual
reproduction via cell fusion, which is not found among ... organelle called the haptonema.
reproduction
Nuclear division is often coordinated with ...
Fungus
...
1 Human consumption
2 Structure
3
reproduction
3.1 Sexual
3.2 Asexual
4 ... sexually. Aerial hyphae often produce asexual
reproduction propagules termed conidia (synonymous with ... to the other fungi are uncertain.
reproduction
Sexual
Fungal mycelia are typically ...
Lichen
...
1 Morphology and structure
2
reproduction
3 Ecology
4 Classification
5 ... of fungus and photobiont living together.
reproduction
Lichens most frequently reproduce asexually, either by vegetative
reproduction or through the dispersal of diaspores containing ...
Life
... moving itself, or having internal motion
reproduction , the ability to create entities that are similar ... that many individual organisms are incapable of
reproduction and yet are still generally considered to be ... consisting of metabolizing cells without
reproduction apparatus, can have existed. Still, some would ...
Meiosis
... cellular process that forms the basis for sexual
reproduction , together with syngamy . It is a form of ... of proliferation. In other eukaryotes , sexual
reproduction may play a more restricted role, while asexual
reproduction gains emphasis (examples include plants and ...
Parthenogenesis
... all-female.
As with all types of asexual
reproduction , there are both costs and benefits associated ... alteration between parthenogenesis and sexual
reproduction is called heterogamy . Forms of
reproduction related to parthenogenesis but that require the ...
Reproduction
...
reproduction is the creation of one thing as a copy of, ... most commonly used in the context of biological
reproduction and sex :
Sexual
reproduction is a biological process by which organisms ...
Bacterium
... showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 History and taxonomy
2
reproduction
3 Metabolisms
4 Movement
5 Groups and identification
6 ... and eukaryotes probably developed from within the eubacteria.
reproduction
Bacteria reproduce only asexually , not sexually . Specifically ...
Drosophila
...
2 Physique
3 Lifecycle and ecology
3.1 Habitat
3.2
reproduction
3.3 Predators
4 External links
5 References
... a few are leaf miners, parasites, or predators." (Swan, 1972)
reproduction
Drosophila melanogaster egg
"The female fruit fly lays ...
Bacterium
... showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 History and taxonomy
2
reproduction
3 Metabolisms
4 Movement
5 Groups and identification
6 ... and eukaryotes probably developed from within the eubacteria.
reproduction
Bacteria reproduce only asexually , not sexually . Specifically ...
Natural selection
... how well particular traits of organisms can serve the survival and
reproduction of the organism; organisms lacking these traits might die before ... mutation (including DNA transcription errors); in the case of sexual
reproduction (which mixes the DNA of two parents into an offspring), gene flow and ...
Red Queen
... the debate in theoretical biology over the adaptive benefit of sexual
reproduction to those species in which it appears. The connection of the Red Queen to ... arms races with their parasites can explain the utility of sexual
reproduction at the level of the gene by positing that the role of sex is to preserve ...
Species
... above as taken from Mayr, is somewhat idealistic. Since it assumes sexual
reproduction , it leaves the term undefined for a large class of organisms that ... conditions, or even in the degree to which some organisms use sexual
reproduction between individuals to breed. Consequently, several lines of thought in ...
Virus
... anatomy
5 Viral replication
5.1 Steps associated with viral
reproduction
6 Origins
7 Human viral diseases
7.1 Laboratory ... using the resources of the host cell.
Steps associated with viral
reproduction
Attachment, sometimes called absorption: The virus attaches to ...
Bacterial conjugation
... Bacterial conjugation is the often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual
reproduction or mating ; however it is not actually sexual as it does not involve the fusing of gametes and the creation of a zygote , it is merely the ...
Biology
... botany and zoology .
Botany is the scientific study of plants . Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the growth ,
reproduction , metabolism , development , diseases , and evolution of plant life .
Zoology is the discipline which involves the study of animals , which ...
Biodiversity
... and disappear; sites are colonized by organisms of the same species or by another. Some species develop social organisations to improve their
reproduction goals or use neighbor species that live in communities. Depending on their environment , organisms do not invariably use the same strategies of ...
Botany
... also sometimes referred to as plant science(s) or plant biology . Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study the growth ,
reproduction , metabolism , development , diseases , and evolution of plants .
Nearly all the food we eat comes (directly and indirectly) from ...
Cell division
... cell ) dividing into two daughter cells . This leads to growth in multicellular organisms (the growth of tissue ) and to procreation ( vegetative
reproduction ) in unicellular organisms .
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission . Eukaryotic cells usually undergo a process of nuclear division, ...
Cloning
... are thought to be relatively minor.
The term clone is used in horticulture to mean all descendants of a single plant, produced by vegetative
reproduction . Many horticultural varieties of plants are clones, having been derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual ...
DNA
... life and many viruses . DNA is sometimes referred to as the molecule of heredity as it is inherited and used to propagate traits . During
reproduction , it is replicated and transmitted to offspring.
In bacteria and other simple cell organisms, DNA is not separated from the cytoplasm by ...
Evolution
...
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Natural selection
Natural selection
Natural selection is based on differential survival and
reproduction rates as a result of the environment. Differential mortality is the survival rate of individuals before their reproductive age. If they survive, they ...
Gene
...
Genes are entities that parents pass to offspring during
reproduction . These entities encode information essential for the construction and regulation of polypeptides , proteins and other molecules that ...
Gregor Mendel
... be implausibly close to the exact ratio of 3 to 1. Only a few would accuse Mendel of scientific malpractice or call it a scientific fraud —
reproduction of his experiments has demonstrated the accuracy of his hypothesis — however, the results have continued to be a mystery for many, and he is ...
Human
... depth of his heart weariness, gloom, sadness, fretfulness, vexation, despair, (Pascal, 1669).
Sexuality
Human sexuality , besides ensuring
reproduction , has important social functions, creating bonds and hierarchies among individuals. Sexual desire is experienced as a bodily urge, often ...
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
... their race has long been placed, and hence through the influence of the predominant use or permanent disuse of any organ; all these are preserved by
reproduction to the new individuals which arise, provided that the acquired modifications are common to both sexes, or at least to the individuals which produce ...
Lytic cycle
... The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral
reproduction , the other being the lysogenic cycle . These cycles should not, however, be seen as discrete and separate, but rather as somewhat interchangeable. ...
Muller's ratchet
... mutation persists. These deleterious mutations resemble the operation of a ratchet , in that the organism can never go back.
By contrast, sexual
reproduction allows most plants and animals to create offspring with good copies of two genes via crossover. That is, if one animal has the deleterious mutation ...
Paternity testing
... all but taken over all the other forms of testing.
The DNA of an individual is almost exactly the same in each and every somatic cell . Sexual
reproduction brings the DNA of both parents together randomly to create a unique combination of genetic material in a new cell, so the genetic material of an ...
Prion
... for proteinaceous infectious particle — are infectious self-reproducing protein structures. Though their exact mechanisms of action and
reproduction are still unknown, it is now commonly accepted that prions are responsible for a number of previously known but little-understood diseases generally ...
Prokaryote
... , rather than in a membrane-bound nucleus, but may also have various small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids spread throughout the cell.
reproduction is exclusively asexual , through binary fission , where the chromosome is duplicated and attaches to the cell membrane, and then the cell divides ...
Secondary metabolite
... , also known as natural products , are those products (chemical compounds) of metabolism that are not essential for normal growth, development or
reproduction of an organism . In this sense they are "secondary".
The function or importance of these compounds to the organism's development is usually of ...
Speciation
... referred to as a common ancestor) splits into two (or more) reproductively-isolated populations, each of which then accumulates changes from sexual
reproduction and/or random mutation (in addition to any other various contributors to genetic change) until the populations are no longer capable of ...
Unsolved problems in biology
... or was there an extraterrestrial intervention (for example a meteor from another planet)? Why have so many biological systems developed sexual
reproduction ? How do organisms recognize like species? How are the sizes of cells, organs , and bodies controlled?
DNA / Genome . Do all organisms ...
Zoology
... biology of both animals and plants is considered in the articles on evolution , population genetics , heredity , variation , Mendelism ,
reproduction .
Systematics , cladistics , phylogenetics , phylogeography , biogeography and taxonomy classify and group species via common descent and ...