Cell metabolism
... anabolism , in which a cell uses energy and
reducing power to construct complex molecules and perform ... breaks down complex molecules to yield energy and
reducing power. Cell metabolism involves extremely complex ... molecules are broken down to produce energy and
reducing power. On balance, catabolic reactions are ...
Photosynthesis
... − → NADPH
The NADPH is the main
reducing agent in cells, providing a source of energetic ... electrons, which must be obtained from some other
reducing agent. In plants and algae this role is played ... Aside from the cyanobacteria , they use
reducing agents such as sulfide or hydrogen , so no ...
Insulin
... the clinical action of insulin which is useful in
reducing high blood glucose levels in diabetes.
... quantity for widespread clinical use, much
reducing impurity reaction problems. Eli Lilly marketed ... level causes glucose absorption and storage,
reducing glycogen to glucose ...
Photosynthesis
... − → NADPH
The NADPH is the main
reducing agent in cells, providing a source of energetic ... electrons, which must be obtained from some other
reducing agent. In plants and algae this role is played ... Aside from the cyanobacteria , they use
reducing agents such as sulfide or hydrogen , so no ...
Bacterium
... and so on. In addition, bacteria are distinguished based on the source of
reducing equivalents they are using. Those using inorganic compounds (e. g. ... . The metabolic modes of energy metabolism (phototrophy or chemotrophy),
reducing equivalent sources (lithotrophy or organotrophy) and carbon sources ...
Enzyme
... cytochrome c reductase : participates in the electron transfer chain by
reducing cytochrome c and pumping protons across the membrane
Cytochrome c ... where oxygen is reduced to water
Cytochrome c peroxidase takes
reducing equivalents from cytochrome c and reduces hydrogen peroxide to water
...
Bacterium
... and so on. In addition, bacteria are distinguished based on the source of
reducing equivalents they are using. Those using inorganic compounds (e. g. ... . The metabolic modes of energy metabolism (phototrophy or chemotrophy),
reducing equivalent sources (lithotrophy or organotrophy) and carbon sources ...
Origin of life
... first accreted from the primordial solar nebula. The experiment used a
reducing mixture of gases ( methane , ammonia and hydrogen ). However, it should ... atmosphere of earth is currently somewhat controversial. Other less
reducing gases produce a lower yield and variety and the presence of free oxygen ...
Redox
...
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Oxidizing and
reducing agents
2 Former meaning (Oxygen/Hydrogen)
3 Examples of redox ... in biology
5 See also
6 External link
Oxidizing and
reducing agents
Substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances ...
Primary nutritional groups
... autotrophic , when its source of carbon is carbon dioxide(CO 2 ).
reducing equivalent source refers to the necessity of deriving
reducing equivalents (electrons) from environmental sources to be used in ...
Proton pump
... .
In bacteria , mitochondria and other ATP-producing organelles,
reducing equivalents provided by electron transfer or photosynthesis power ... the translocation of protons by cytochrome c oxidase is powered by
reducing equivalents provided by reduced cytochrome c . In the plasma membrane ...
Redox
...
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Oxidizing and
reducing agents
2 Former meaning (Oxygen/Hydrogen)
3 Examples of redox ... in biology
5 See also
6 External link
Oxidizing and
reducing agents
Substances that have the ability to oxidize other substances ...
Reduction
... Reduction or
reducing has several meanings:
In mathematics , reduction is the process ... a word. e.g. wanna, lemme, gimme.
In physiology , reduction or
reducing is another name for weight loss or dieting .
In surgery , ...
Artificial life
... Margolus , Gerard Vichniac , and Charles Bennett . This group created a computer especially designed to execute cellular automata, eventually
reducing it to the size of a single circuit board. This "cellular automata machine" allowed an explosion of alife research among scientists who could not ...
Cancer
... other beneficial interventions, e.g., exercise. Contrary to expectation, randomized trials found no benefit of beta-carotene supplementation in
reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality; risk of lung cancer was statistically significantly increased in smokers in the beta-carotene arms of 2 of the ...
Chromosomal crossover
... chromosomes may be expected to cross over three or four times during meiosis. This aids evolution by increasing independent assortment, and
reducing the genetic linkage between genes on the same chromosome.
The physical basis of crossing over was first demonstrated by Harriet Creighton and ...
Hepatitis B
... are much more likely to respond than others. It is not presently known if combination therapy offers any advantages. In general, each works by
reducing the viral load by several orders of magnitude thus helping a body's immune system clear the infection. Treatment strategies should be ...
Light-dependent reaction
... pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water (or some other donor molecule) to an acceptor called NADP + ,
reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton (hydrogen nucleus). The water or some other donor molecule is split in the ...
Nutrition
... of the Nutrition, Food & Health Research Centre at King’s College London, who says:“In trials, there is no evidence suggesting that
reducing fat intake has an effect on obesity. As long as your expenditure equals what you eat, you won't put on weight, regardless of how high the fat content ...
Pentose phosphate pathway
... NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5 carbon sugars. The pathway is one of the three main ways the body creates
reducing molecules to prevent oxidative stress , accounting for approximately 10% of NADPH production in humans.
Contents ...
Light-dependent reaction
... pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water (or some other donor molecule) to an acceptor called NADP + ,
reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton (hydrogen nucleus). The water or some other donor molecule is split in the ...
Signal transduction
... tissue. Some hormones can be modified by the target cell so they no longer trigger the hormone receptor (or at least, not the same one), effectively
reducing the amount of available hormone.
The nuclear receptors that were activated by the hormones attach at the DNA at receptor-specific Hormone ...
Twin
... (or the same amnion and placenta) can cause complications in pregnancy. For example, the umbilical cords of monoamniotic twins can become entangled,
reducing or interrupting the blood supply to the developing fetus. Monochorionic twins, sharing one placenta, usually also share the placental blood supply. ...
X chromosome
... cells. Extra genetic material from the X chromosome interferes with male sexual development, preventing the testicles from functioning normally and
reducing the levels of testosterone.
Typically, males with Klinefelter syndrome have one extra copy of the X chromosome in each cell, for a total of two X ...