procedure

X-ray crystallography

...d of crystallization . This can be a painstaking procedure for macromolecules such as protein and DNA complexes. The crystals are harvested and often frozen with liquid nitrogen . Freezing crystals both reduces radiation damage incurred during data collection and decreases thermal motion within the crysta...

Mitosis

...I, anaphase; VII and VIII, telophase. The whole procedure is very similar among most eukaryotes, with only minor variations. As prokaryotes lack a nucleus and only have a single chromosome with no centromere, they cannot be properly said to undergo mitosis. Instead they undergo what is known as binary f...

Stem cell

...m the blood instead of the bone-marrow, making the procedure safer for older people. Although normally scarce, ...heart is then restarted and incisions closed. The procedure is minimally invasive, as far as heart surgeries are concerned. All of the patients that received t...

Reduction

...eting . In surgery , reduction is a medical procedure to restore a fracture to a correct alignment....

Polymerase chain reaction

...electrophoresis . Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure that consists of injecting DNA into agarose gel and then applying an electric current to the gel. As a result, the smaller DNA strands move faster than the larger strands through the gel toward the positive current. The size of the PCR product can be...

Magnetic resonance imaging

...MRI scanner are used to guide a minimally invasive procedure intraoperatively and/or interactively. However, th...generating pictures showing different tissues. The procedure as described would take a very long time to perform. There is a big difference between this scanner ...

Monoclonal antibody

...oblem in medical applications is that the standard procedure of producing monoclonal antibodies yields mouse antibodies, and these are rejected by the human immune system. Various approaches to overcome this problem have been tried. In one approach, one takes the DNA that encodes the binding portion of monoclo...

Mitosis

...I, anaphase; VII and VIII, telophase. The whole procedure is very similar among most eukaryotes, with only minor variations. As prokaryotes lack a nucleus and only have a single chromosome with no centromere, they cannot be properly said to undergo mitosis. Instead they undergo what is known as binary f...

Mendelian inheritance

...their variations. Without his careful attention to procedure and detail, Mendel's work could not have had the impact it made on the world of genetics. Mendel's law of segregation Mendel's law of segregation essentially has three parts. Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited ...

Liver

... with normal liver function if all goes well. This procedure is more controversial as it entails performing a much larger operation on the donor, and indeed there have been at least two donor deaths out of the first several hundred cases. Analogous organs Arthropods have a digestive gland that function...

Limbic system

...his connection was sometimes surgically severed, a procedure of psychosurgery . Patients who underwent this procedure often became passive and lacked all motivation....

Ploidy

...id cell from a diploid cell. This is a laboratory procedure that forces a normal cell to spit out half of its chromosome content, leaving just one set. In mammals this renders this cell equal to sperm or egg . This was one of the procedures used by Japanese researchers to produce Kaguya the fatherl...

Enzyme

...otein purification . Each step in the purification procedure is monitored for enzyme activity. One caveat is that proteases (enzymes that digest proteins) can be expected to start digesting themselves as they become more concentrated unless their activity is inhibited somehow; in a similar vein, purificati...

Ploidy

...id cell from a diploid cell. This is a laboratory procedure that forces a normal cell to spit out half of its chromosome content, leaving just one set. In mammals this renders this cell equal to sperm or egg . This was one of the procedures used by Japanese researchers to produce Kaguya the fatherl...

Dialysis

...travelling). The patient, who performs the entire procedure themselves, dons a disposable surgical mask , scrubs their hands using antibacterial soap, and tucks a clean towel into the waistband of their pants to protect their clothing. The bag of dialysis fluid is removed from the protective packaging, and...

Cloning

...t kind of operation. Therapeutic cloning is the procedure for creating stem cells genetically compatible wit...e company after the death of the original cat. The procedure is still very expensive and has little demand. However, demand could be generated from unexpected qu...

Aseptic technique in microbiology

...thing except the specimen itself, until the entire procedure is finished. Preparing to execute the specimen transfer, the person would hold both of the tubes or flasks in one hand , probably the opposite of the writing hand. The person would then open the tube or flask containing the specimen source and b...

Ames test

...amed after its inventor, Bruce Ames . General procedure This assay is carried out using strains of bacteria , generally Escherichia coli or Salmonella that already have a single mutation, for example, a strain that cannot produce histidine , an amino acid that is essential for the bacterium to...

Affinity chromatography

...purposes glutathione is used. Another use for the procedure is the affinity purification of antibodies from blood serum. If serum is known to contain antibodies against a specific antigen (for example if the serum comes from an organism immunised against the antigen concerned) then it can be used for the affi...