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Prize in Biological Definition

Insulin

... Macleod and Banting were awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 . ... that Best was not mentioned, shared half of his prize with Best, and MacLeod immediately shared some of ... determined. For this he was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1958. In 1967, after decades of ...

Ion channel

... crystallography won a share of the 2003 Nobel prize in Chemistry . Because of their small size and ... and Andrew Huxley as part of their Nobel prize -winning theory of the nerve impulse, published ... known as the "patch clamp," which led to a Nobel prize to Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann, the technique's ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... 2.2.7 Current Density Imaging 3 Nobel prize (2003) 4 See also 5 Reference 6 ... currents through a pair of electrodes. Nobel prize (2003) Reflecting the fundamental importance ... Peter Mansfield were awarded the 2003 Nobel prize in Medicine for their discoveries concerning ....

Andrew Huxley

... a British physiologist and biophysicist , who won the 1963 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work with Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the ... coordinated by a central nervous system . Hodgkin and Huxley shared the prize that year with John Carew Eccles , who was cited for research on ...

Apoptosis

... in a research article that won him an Amersham Biosciences & Science prize for Young Scientists in Molecular Biology, and published in Science ... 1974, where he collaborated with Sulston. Both would share the 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine with Brenner, and Horvitz would go back to the ...

Diabetes mellitus

... was treated in 1922 . For this, Banting et al received the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1923 . The two researchers did not patent ... by Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson (gaining Yalow the 1977 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine ); Reaven's introduction of the metabolic ...

DNA

... those chromosomes. (Delbrck and Salvador Luria were awarded the Nobel prize in 1969 for their work on the genetic structure of viruses.) In 1943 , ... . Watson , Crick , and Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel prize for Medicine for discovering the molecular structure of DNA, by which ...

Eugenics

... which nearly 230 children were conceived (the best known donor was Nobel prize winner William Shockley ). In the USA and Europe, though, these attempts ... and scholarly spheres, a few distinguished scientists, including Nobel prize winners such as John Sulston ( "I don't think one ought to bring a ...

Kary Mullis

... the amplification of specified DNA sequences. He was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry and the Japan prize for this work in 1993 . Mullis was born in North Carolina, and grew up ...

Konrad Lorenz

... on February 27 , 1989 , in Altenberg. Lorenz shared the 1973 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other important early ethologists, Niko Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch . The prize was awarded "for discoveries in individual and social behavior patterns". ...

Mitochondrion

... of facilitated diffusion . Peter Mitchell was awarded the 1978 Nobel prize in Chemistry for his work on chemiosmosis. Later, part of the 1997 Nobel prize in Chemistry was awarded to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their ...

Mitochondrion

... of facilitated diffusion . Peter Mitchell was awarded the 1978 Nobel prize in Chemistry for his work on chemiosmosis. Later, part of the 1997 Nobel prize in Chemistry was awarded to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for their ...

Thomas Hunt Morgan

... important contributions to science were in genetics ; he won the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for proving chromosomes to be the ... who has made a significant contribution to the science of genetics. Nobel prize winner Eric Kandel has written of Morgan, "Much as Darwin's insights ...

Alexander Fleming

... penicillin to a form that was useful for medical treatment of infection. For his achievements, Fleming was knighted in 1944 and shared the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Florey was later given the higher honour of a peerage for his monumental ...

Antibody

... in 1976, portions of the genome in B lymphocytes can recombine to form all the variation seen in the antibodies and more. Tonegawa won the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery. IgG IgG is a monomeric immunoglobulin, built of two heavy chains γ and two light ...

ATP synthase

... change in the F 1 particle, eventually leading to the synthesis of ATP. For elucidating this Boyer and Walker shared in the 1997 Nobel prize in Chemistry . Physiological role The F 1 F O ATP synthase is a reversible enzyme. Large enough quantities of ATP cause it to create a ...

Axon

... 1952 they had obtained a full quantitative description of the ionic basis of the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded jointly the Nobel prize for this work in 1963. See also Dendrite Medial longitudinal fasciculus http://www.sfn.org/wrensite/projects/patch_clamp/index.htm ...

B cell

... antibody. B cells are characterised immunohistochemically by the presence of CD20 on the cell membrane. Susumu Tonegawa won the 1987 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for demonstrating how B cells create the enormous diversity of antibodies from only a few genes. See also T ...

Biology

... Genetic engineering Topics related to biology People and history Biologist - Notable biologists - History of biology - Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine - Timeline of biology and organic chemistry - List of geneticists and biochemists Institutions, publications ...

Chemiosmotic hypothesis

... great to be ignored. Eventually the weight of evidence began to favor the chemiosmotic hypothesis, and in 1978, Peter Mitchell was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry . see also: mitochondrion , chloroplasts , chemiosmotic potential , electron transfer chain , cytochrome References: ...

Chromatography

... he was separating at that time. In 1952 Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge were awarded the Chemistry Nobel prize "for their invention of partition chromatography". [1] The technology of chromatography advanced rapidly throughout the 20th century. ...

Citric acid cycle

... known as the Krebs cycle after Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981), who proposed the key elements of this pathway in 1937 and was awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine for its discovery in 1953 . Location of cycle and inputs and outputs The citric acid cycle takes place within the mitochondria ...

Genetic code

... on Nirenberg's work and found the codes for the amino acids that Nirenberg's methods could not. Khorana and Nirenberg won a share of the 1968 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. Technical details Stop Codons In classical genetics, the stop codons were given names: UAG was ...

Computed axial tomography

... Technology Ltd.) using X-rays . Allan McLeod Cormack of Tufts University independently invented the same process and they shared a Nobel prize in medicine in 1979 ( See also history of brain imaging ). The first scanner took several hours to acquire the raw data and several days to ...

Diffusion

... transfer Materials science Mechanical ventilation NaKATPase Nervous system Neurotransmitter Nitric oxide Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine Osmosis Osmotic Quorum sensing Respiration Reverse osmosis Second messenger ...

Morphogenesis

... group of homeotic selector genes control the specializations of the third thoracic segment and the abdominal segments. In 1995 , the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded for studies concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development to Christiane Nsslein-Volhard , ...

Endoplasmic reticulum

... and from there throughout the cell are marked with an address tag that are called a signal sequence . Gnter Blobel was awarded the 1999 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of these signal sequences in 1975. The N-terminus (one end) of a polypeptide chain (e.g., a protein) ...

Francis Crick

... , they together developed the proposal of the helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953 , and for which they were awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962 , together with the late Maurice Wilkins of University College, London. He also made significant ...

Genetic code

... on Nirenberg's work and found the codes for the amino acids that Nirenberg's methods could not. Khorana and Nirenberg won a share of the 1968 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for this work. Technical details Stop Codons In classical genetics, the stop codons were given names: UAG was ...

Har Gobind Khorana

... Esther Elizabeth Sibler the same year. After that, he worked at universities in Vancouver and Wisconsin . Khorana was awarded the 1968 Nobel prize in Medicine (together with Robert W. Holley and Marshall W. Nirenberg ) for describing the genetic code and how it operates in protein ...

Hershey-Chase experiment

... demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of phage and that protein does not transmit genetic information. Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses More detailed description Hershey and Chase ...

Photosynthesis

... his partner Benson were able to puzzle out each stage in the dark or light-independent phase of photosynthesis, known as the Calvin Cycle. A Noble prize winning scientist, Rudolf Marcus , was able to discover the function and significance of the electron transport chain. Factors affecting ...

James D. Watson

... helix structure of DNA, which they published in the journal Nature on April 25, 1953 . Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery in 1962 . In 1968 Watson wrote The Double Helix , one of the Modern Library 's 100 best ...

Kidney

... 4 , 1954 at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston . The surgery was performed by Dr. Joseph E. Murray , who in 1990 was awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine . Kidney transplants can be cadaveric (from someone who has died) or from a living donor (usually a family member). There are several ...

Citric acid cycle

... known as the Krebs cycle after Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (1900-1981), who proposed the key elements of this pathway in 1937 and was awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine for its discovery in 1953 . Location of cycle and inputs and outputs The citric acid cycle takes place within the mitochondria ...

Malaria

... the Anopheles mosquito . For his discovery of the cause of malaria, French army doctor Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran was awarded the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1907 . Symptoms of malaria include fever , shivering , arthralgia (joint pain), vomiting , and convulsions . ...

Max Delbr

... that bacterial resistance to virus infection is caused by random mutation and not adaptive change. For that, they were awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969 , sharing it with Alfred Hershey . From the 1950s on, Delbrck worked on physiology rather than genetics. ...

Morphogenesis

... group of homeotic selector genes control the specializations of the third thoracic segment and the abdominal segments. In 1995 , the Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded for studies concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development to Christiane Nsslein-Volhard , ...

Neurospora crassa

... will show up in the offspring. Neurospora was used by Edward Tatum and George Wells Beadle in their experiments for which they won the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine . Beadle and Tatum exposed N. crassa to x-rays, causing mutations . They then observed failures in metabolic pathways ...

Nutrition

... science has rapidly expanded. Vitamins were first written about in 1912, by Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, who was knighted and received the Nobel prize in 1929 for his achievements. In the 20th century, after clarification of the nature and role of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, it ...
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(Date:12/16/2009)... to pesticides in rivers and basins may limit ... In addition to the widespread deterioration of salmon ... used pesticides may further inhibit the recovery of ... are currently underway to restore Pacific salmon habitats ... David Baldwin of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... researcher will lead the coordinating center for a consortium ... of stem cell research. Michael L. Terrin, M.D.,C.M.,M.P.H., professor ... National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) to coordinate ... will be called the NHLBI Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium. ... million grant over seven years. , ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... Calif., Dec. 2 DigitalPersona, Inc., ... solutions, today announced an agreement with IBM ... DigitalPersona biometric fingerprint technology on IBM SurePOS ... offering allows point-of-sale applications to more easily ... transactions can be linked to the individuals ...
Breaking Biology News(10 mins):Even at sublethal levels, pesticides may slow the recovery of wild salmon populations 2University of Maryland School of Medicine receives $30 million to coordinate stem cell consortium 2University of Maryland School of Medicine receives $30 million to coordinate stem cell consortium 3DigitalPersona Fingerprint Sensor Technology Ships on IBM SurePOS 500 Retail Systems 2Parents key in new measure to evaluate language in children with autism 48494 1Parents key in new measure to evaluate language in children with autism 48494 2Parents key in new measure to evaluate language in children with autism 48494 3PharmaNet Development Group Clinical Research Experts to Present at Global Professional Meetings in June 12569 1PharmaNet Development Group Clinical Research Experts to Present at Global Professional Meetings in June 12569 2Synutra International Inc Sets the Date for its Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year Earnings Announcement 48490 1Synutra International Inc Sets the Date for its Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year Earnings Announcement 48490 2
(Date:12/16/2009)... -- Losing has never felt so good for "The ... new lifestyle means continuing to make smart choices everyday ... is one healthy choice that is an important part ... can take. Every glass of milk has nine essential ... maintain normal blood pressure, and calcium and vitamin D ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... HealthSciences Institute will sponsor a ... teams and organizations who serve individuals at ... in employer, health plan, medical home and ... offer free, noncommercial webinars on topics, solutions ... management and care improvement. Each webinar will ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... an advance that could help ease health and environmental ... development of technology for changing the behavior of nanoparticles ... into the environment. Their study was published in ACS, ... Jarvie from the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ... the production of nanoparticles particles less than 1/1000th ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... but use in humans is still far off , , WEDNESDAY, ... researchers have built and tested synthetic versions of the blood-clotting ... cases where blood just won,t stop flowing. , "We start ... degradable stitches, which dissolve in the body," said Erin B. ... University, and lead author of a report published Dec. ...
(Date:12/16/2009)... expert says, , , WEDNESDAY, Dec. 16 (HealthDay News) -- ... to die when they receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, ... people, ages 65 to 85, who were eligible for ... measure of the heart,s pumping ability) of 35 percent ... were treated with standard medication and an implanted defibrillator ...
Breaking Medicine News(10 mins):Health News:New Learning Collaborative to Prepare Clinicians for Better Chronic Care 2Health News:New Learning Collaborative to Prepare Clinicians for Better Chronic Care 3Health News:Behavior modification could ease concerns about nanoparticles 2Health News:Synthetic Platelets Put the Brakes on Blood Loss 2Health News:Synthetic Platelets Put the Brakes on Blood Loss 3Health News:Implanted Defibrillator Might Extend Life 2
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