Polymerase in Biological Definition

Molecular biology

... biology 2.1 Expression cloning 2.2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 2.3 Gel electrophoresis ... drugs against the protein can be studied. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Main article: polymerase chain reaction The ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biological ... of duplication driven by an enzyme called DNA polymerase . DNA polymerase occurs naturally in living organisms, where it ...

Primer

... strand of RNA . This RNA is produced by an RNA polymerase , and is later removed and replaced with DNA by a ... DNA polymerases, such as DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), require primers. The ... as a start marker for the chain reaction. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), primers are used to ...

Protein biosynthesis

... . The transcription starts with initiation. RNA polymerase , an enzyme, binds to a specific region on the ... starting point, called the promoter . As the RNA polymerase binds on to the promoter, the DNA strands are ... second process is known as elongation. As the RNA polymerase travels through the strand that is opposite to ...

Enzyme

... the word ending in "-ase". Examples are alcohol dehydrogenase and DNA polymerase . Kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups. The ... compounds Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH): Phospholipase polymerase : builds long chains of nucleic acid polymers from their constituents ...

Lac repressor

... the cell to reduce production. The first step in production is for RNA polymerase to make RNA from a stretch of DNA. DNA can be thought of as a highway , with entrances and exits. The enzyme RNA polymerase is like a car . For a specific protein sequence to be made, the car ...

Cloning

... at the Australian Museum announced that they had replicated DNA of the Thylacine (Tasmanian Tiger), extinct about 65 years previous, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [3] . However, on February 15 2005 the museum announced that it was stopping the project after tests showed the specimens' ...

DNA

... be easily separated by enzymes . Enzymes known as helicases unwind the strands to facilitate the advance of sequence-reading enzymes such as DNA polymerase . The unwinding requires that helicases chemically cleave the phosphate backbone of one of the strands so that it can swivel around the other. The ...

Genetic fingerprinting

... individual samples of DNA. One of the most modern and widely accepted methods for producing DNA fingerprints in criminal cases, is that of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR involves the amplification of specific regions of DNA that are known to be highly variable from one individual to another. ...

Genetics

... independently. Sanger's lab complete the entire genome of sequence of Bacteriophage Φ-X174; . 1983 Kary Banks Mullis discovers the polymerase chain reaction enabling the easy amplification of DNA 1989 The first human gene is sequenced by Francis Collins and Lap-Chee Tsui , it ...

Kary Mullis

... Kary Banks Mullis (born December 28 , 1944 ) is a biochemist . In the 1980s , he invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a central technique in molecular biology which allows the amplification of specified DNA sequences. He was awarded the ...

Promoter

... Wiktionary article In genetics , a promoter is a DNA sequence that enables a gene to be transcribed . The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase , which then initiates transcription. In RNA synthesis, promoters are a means to demarcate which genes should be used for messenger RNA creation - ...

Quaternary structure

... regulatory subunits and the core is often called the catalytic subunit . Examples of proteins with quaternary structure include hemoglobin , DNA polymerase , and ion channels . Other assemblies referred to instead as multiprotein complexes also possess quaternary structure. Examples include ...

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

... and paternity testing . Method Usually, DNA from an individual specimen is first extracted and purified. Purified DNA may be amplified by polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The DNA is then chopped into restriction fragments by endonucleases , which only cut where there are specific DNA ...

RNA

... of hairpin loops , coils, etc., which then direct the formation of higher-order structures. Synthesis RNA is made by an enzyme , RNA polymerase , using DNA as a template. The synthesis begins when the enzyme binds to special promoter regions on the DNA helix; these regions mark the ...