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Point in Biological Definition

Avian influenza

... are concerned that a virus that mutates to the point where it can cross the species barrier (i.e. from birds to humans) will inevitably mutate to the point where it can be transmitted from human to human. It is at that point that a pandemic becomes likely. The first ...

Ethyl alcohol

... 1170 Phase behavior Melting point 158.8 K (-114.3 C , -173.83 F ) Boiling point 351.5 K (78.4C, 173.03F) Triple point 159 K (-114C, -173.47F) ...

Gradient

... approximation to that function at any particular point in R n . To that extent, the gradient is a ... is given by a scalar field φ , so at each point ( x , y , z ) the temperature is φ( x , y ... does not change in time. Then, at each point in the room, the gradient at ...

Leaf

... to either side of the base of the petiole). The point at which the petiole attaches to the stem is ... — three or more leaves attach at each point or node on the stem. As with opposite leaves, ... long-pointed, prolonged into a narrow, tapering point in a concave manner. acute: ending in a sharp, ...

Potential energy

... energy. If the source is approximated as a point mass , the potential energy simplifies to: ... a potential is always relative to a reference point is often made explicit by using the term ... value of potential associated with every point in space. A force field can be re-obtained by ...

Activation energy

... chemical kinetics . The transition state in a reaction is the point at which the original bonds have stretched to their limit. Transition ... molecules to form water and oxygen. The Transition State is the point at which the original bonds have been stretched as far as they can without ...

Anatomy

... in which case it is spoken of as special anatomy . From a utilitarian point of view the study of humans is the most important division of special ... be exact and available in moments of emergency. From the morphological point of view, however, human anatomy is a scientific and fascinating study, ...

Anaphase

... γ-tubulin) extend from the spindle poles to the centromeres . The point of contact is a protein complex called the kinetochore, and these fibres ... triggering of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. At this point the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) becomes activated. This terminates ...

Cancer

... development of a tumor cell is usually a small change in the DNA, often a point mutation , which leads, among other things, to a genetic instability of the cell. The instability increases to a point where the cell loses whole chromosomes , or has double ones. Also, the ...

Cryptozoology

... proven to have a real basis in biological fact. Cryptozoologists often point out that natives often know a great deal more about their immediate ... been presumed to have been extinct for 300 million years. Cryptozoologists point these out to demonstrate that there are many unexplored regions of the ...

Diabetes mellitus

... , and severe ketosis. Many other tests can be affected. At this point the patient is urgently in need of intravenous fluids . The basic ... (a sterile pointed needle) the blood is usually collected at the end point to a test strip. This test strip contains various chemicals which when the ...

Dialysis

... - it works by applying pressure to the tubing, then moving that pressure point around. Think of a disk with a protrusion in it. Put this into a close ... the disk turning. It will put pressure on the tubing, and the pressure point will roll around through the 270 degrees, forcing the fluid to move. It ...

Eugenics

... could change so that people could see the importance of breeding, at some point in the future a solution would be found. As for Darwin, he read his ... Many eugenicists of the previous period engaged in what they at one point labeled "crypto-eugenics," purposefully taking their eugenic beliefs ...

Flagellum

... outside the outer membrane called the "hook" which allows the helix to point directly away from the cell. A shaft runs between the hook and the basal ... a rotary engine composed of protein , located at the flagellum's anchor point on the inner cell membrane . The engine is powered by proton motive force ...

Homunculus

... be laid in the ground surrounded by horse manure for forty days, at which point the embryo would form. A variant method for creating a homunculus cited ... theories that do not explain 'projection', the experience that the viewing point is separate from the things that are seen. (Adapted from Gregory(1987), ...

Operator

... conventional complex numbers . The manipulation of q-numbers from that point on became basic to theoretical physics. Describing operators ... calculus , the operator ∇, known as gradient , where at a certain point in a scalar field forms a vector which points in the direction of greatest ...

Pyrimidine

... Molecular mass 80.09 g/mol Density 1.016 g/ml Melting point 20 - 22 C Boiling point 123 - 124 C CAS number 289-95-2 SMILES C1=NC=NC=C1 ...

Species

... with respect to other lineages through both time and space. At some point in the progress of such a group, members may diverge from one another: ... these revisions have been still more profound. From a taxonomical point of view, groups within a species can be defined as being of a taxon ...

Stem cell

... cells before being stored in liquid nitrogen for later use, at which point it is thawed, washed of the cryoprotectant, and injected through a vein of ... of cells with two different sets of DNA . From the biological point of view, these points mean the blastocyst is not yet an individual. ...

Wavelength

... or strength of the electric or magnetic field for light ), at a given point in time as a function of x . Wavelength λ has an inverse relationship to frequency f , the number of peaks to pass a point in a given time. The wavelength is equal to the speed of the wave type ...

Affinity chromatography

... Procedure 2 Specific Uses 3 Batch verses column 4 Affinity Chromatography Protocols General Procedure Usually the starting point is an undefined heterogeneous group of molecules in solution, such as a cell lysate, growth medium or blood serum. The molecule of interest will have ...

Alga

... algae . The most complex forms are found among the green algae (see Charales ), in a lineage that eventually led to the higher land plants. The point where these non-algal plants begin and algae stop is usually taken to be the presence of reproductive organs with protective cell layers, a ...

Antibiotic

... as low doses in the diet of healthy farm animals, as this practice has been proved to make animals grow faster. Opponents of this practice, however, point out the likelihood that it also leads to antibiotic resistance, frequently in bacteria that are known to also infect humans, although there has been ...

Artificial life

... genetic programming (GP), artificial chemistries (AC), agent-based models , and cellular automata (CA). Artificial life is a meeting point for people from many other more traditional fields such as linguistics , physics , mathematics , philosophy , computer science , biology , ...

Biodiversity

... time and space Biodiversity is not static: it is a system in constant evolution, from a species, as well as from an individual organism point of view. The average half-life of a species is around one million years and 99% of the species that have ever lived on earth are today extinct . ...

Carolus Linnaeus

... of the Celsius (then called Centigrade ) temperature scale, inverting the scale that Anders Celsius had proposed with 0 as the boiling point of water, and 100 as the freezing point. His picture can be found on the current Swedish 100- krona bank notes. Linnaeus was one of the founders ...

Centrosome

... A centrosome , the connecting point of a centriole , an organelle , is the portion of a cell where microtubules are manufactured. Its structure, since it acts as a nexus for cell ...

Chromatid

... ") chromatids. After they have been pulled apart by the mitotic spindle , chromatids are called "chromosomes". Sister chromatids are joined at a point called the centromere . In non-gametic, non-dividing human cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, thus 46 chromosomes. When it is ready to ...

Chromosome

... . Figure 1: Chromosome. (1) Chromatid . One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase . (2) Centromere . The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach. (3) Short arm. (4) Long arm. A chromosome (in Greek chroma = colour and ...

Ebola

... A VHF Coordinator should be selected to oversee preparations for VHF activities, and be responsible for the following: Serving as the focal point for information and leadership when a VHF case is suspected. Informing all health facility staff about VHFs and the risks associated with them. ...

Gel electrophoresis

... is a group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, or isoelectric point . Gel Electrophoresis is usually performed for analytical purposes, but may be used as a preparative technique to partially purify molecules to use ...

Enzyme

... (including net energy), once steady state is reached, must always be identical, independent of the specific individual pathway taken from beginning point to end point. This is required by the Law of Conservation of Energy , which would be violated by the possibility of a cycle of moving down a pathway ...

Eye

... These include myopia , hyperopia , and astigmatism . Convergence When a person stares at an object, the two eyeballs rotate sideways to point to the object, so that the object appears at the center of the image formed in each eye's retina. In order to look at a nearby object, the two ...

Fermentation

... the result, with less alcohol. After the mashing of the resulting liquid is strained from the grains in a process known as lautering. At this point it is known as wort . The wort is moved into a large tank known as a "copper" or kettle where it is boiled with hops and sometimes other ...

Gel electrophoresis

... is a group of techniques used by scientists to separate molecules based on physical characteristics such as size, shape, or isoelectric point . Gel Electrophoresis is usually performed for analytical purposes, but may be used as a preparative technique to partially purify molecules to use ...

Glycolysis

... ATP (and little ADP) this reaction does not occur. Because ATP decays relatively quickly when it is not metabolized, this is an important regulatory point in the glycolytic pathway. Phosphoglyceromutase then forms 2-phosphoglycerate; enolase then forms phosphoenolpyruvate; and another substrate-level ...

Hardy-Weinberg principle

... Science: I am reluctant to intrude in a discussion concerning matters of which I have no expert knowledge, and I should have expected the very simple point which I wish to make to have been familiar to biologists. However, some remarks of Mr. Udny Yule, to which Mr. R. C. Punnett has called my attention, ...

Hermaphrodite

... In zoology , a hermaphrodite is a species that contains both male and female sexual organs at some point during their lives. In many species, hermaphroditism is a normal part of the life-cycle. Generally, hermaphroditism occurs in the invertebrates , ...

Human

... . At birth, the fully grown fetus, now called a baby , is expelled from the female's body and breathes independently for the first time, at which point the baby is recognized as a person entitled to the full protection of the law , though some jurisdictions extend personhood to human fetuses while ...

Insulin

... seeing him as something of an interloper, and Collip left soon after. Over the spring of 1922 Best managed to improve his techniques to the point where large quantities of insulin could be extracted on demand, but the extract remained impure. However they had been approached by Eli Lilly with ...
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(Date:11/24/2009)... constitutes fish food is a matter of debate. A hi...sh get almost 50 percent of their carbon from tree...en the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. , But...ows this is not likely to be true. Algae provide a... according to research published this week in the ...
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