Plasmid in Biological Definition

Bacterial conjugation

... one of the bacteria has to carry an F- plasmid , the other one must not. The F-plasmid (also called F-factor) is an episome (a plasmid that can integrate itself into the bacterial ... bacterium (5'-end first). The now single-stranded plasmid is filled up with a complementary strand by a ...

Molecular biology

... PCR and/or restriction enzymes ) into a plasmid (known as an expression vector). This plasmid may have special promoter elements to drive ... markers to help follow the plasmid. This plasmid can be inserted into either bacterial or animal ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... which 'carries' the gene into the GEO) such as a plasmid (a circular DNA molecule) (Fig. 5). The DNA can ... A. (4) Insertion of the gene into a plasmid. (5) plasmid with gene from organism A. (6) Insertion of the plasmid in organism B. (7) Multiplication or expression ...

Plasmid

... large plasmids, to hundreds of copies of the same plasmid present in a single cell . Contents ... resistance 2 Episomes 3 Types of plasmid 4 Applications of plasmids 5 See also Antibiotic resistance plasmid often contain genes or gene-cassettes that ...

Antibiotic resistance

... resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic . Antibiotic resistance develops through mutation or plasmid exchange between bacteria of the same species . If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multiresistant or, informally, a ...

Cytoskeleton

... plasmids encode a partitioning system that involves an actin-like protein ParM . Filaments of ParM exhibit dynamic instability , and may partition plasmid DNA into the dividing daughter cells by a mechanism analogous to that used by microtubules during eukaryotic mitosis . Crescentin The ...

DNA

... segments difficult to separate. Circular DNA When the ends of a piece of double-helical DNA are joined so that it forms a circle, as in plasmid DNA, the strands are topologically knotted. This means they cannot be separated by gentle heating or by any process that does not involve breaking ...

Hfr cell

... A hfr cell (also called hfr strain ) is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid (often F ) integrated into its genomic DNA. Hfr is the abbreviation for high frequency recombination . Unlike a normal F+ cell, hfr strains ...

Antibiotic resistance

... resistance is the ability of a microorganism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic . Antibiotic resistance develops through mutation or plasmid exchange between bacteria of the same species . If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multiresistant or, informally, a ...

Prophage

... a temperate phage in its integrated status. Its genome can be integrated into the bacterial host chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid . When stress in the host is detected, the phage enters its reproductive cycle. ...

Restriction enzyme

... appears, there is probably a pair of restriction enzymes that can snip it out, and which will produce ends that enable the gene to be spliced into a plasmid (i.e. which will enable what molecular biologists call " cloning " of the gene). Many Recognition sequences are palindromic While recognition ...