Biology
... at multicellular scales, it is examined in
physiology , anatomy , and histology . Developmental ... of biology
2.1 Structure of life
2.2
physiology of organisms
2.3 Diversity and evolution of ... the genetic variation of a population; and
physiology borrows extensively from cell biology in ...
Konrad Lorenz
... established the Lorenz institute for behavioural
physiology in Buldern , northern Germany in 1950. In 1958 ... to the Max Planck Institute for Behavioural
physiology in Seewiesen . He retired from the Max Planck ... Lorenz shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine with two other important early ...
Physiology
...
physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = ... biochemical functions of living organisms.
physiology has traditionally been divided into plant
physiology and ...
Plant physiology
... In botany , plant
physiology is the study of the function, or
physiology of plants . Fundamental processes such as ... molecular biology .
External links
Plant
physiology online study aid
...
Andrew Huxley
... physiologist and biophysicist , who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for his work with Alan Lloyd Hodgkin on the basis of nerve ... his position as a fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge , teaching in
physiology , natural sciences and medicine .
Huxley was a son of the writer ...
Antibody
... seen in the antibodies and more. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery.
IgG
IgG is a monomeric ...
References
Rhoades, Rodney and Richard Pflanzer (2002). Human
physiology (4 th ed.). Brooks/Cole. ISBN 0534421741
External links
...
Apoptosis
... he collaborated with Sulston. Both would share the 2002 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine with Brenner, and Horvitz would go back to the US in 1978 to ... of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths" in the Journal of insect
physiology (10 p. 643), where they used the concept of "programmed cell death". ...
Biophysics
... , computer science , mathematics , medicine , pharmacology ,
physiology , physics , and neuroscience . What follows is a list of examples of how ... permitivity, gene therapy, understanding tumors.
Pharmacology and
physiology - channel biology, biomolecular interactions, cellular membranes, ...
Blood
...
1.2 Small invertebrates
1.3 Insects
2 Anatomy of blood
3
physiology of blood
3.1 Production and degradation
3.2 Transport of oxygen ... are uniquely adapted to the architecture of the blood vessels.
physiology of blood
Production and degradation
Blood cells are produced in the ...
Diabetes mellitus
... treated in 1922 . For this, Banting et al received the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine in 1923 . The two researchers did not patent their discovery ... Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson (gaining Yalow the 1977 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine );
Reaven's introduction of the metabolic syndrome in ...
Human
...
1 Terminology
2 Biology
2.1 Birth and death
2.2
physiology
2.3 Genetics
2.4 Intelligence
2.5 Emotion
2.6 Sexuality
2.7 ... presence beyond his physical lifespan (see immortality ).
physiology
Main articles: Human anatomy , Human physical appearance , Human ...
Hormone
...
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Structure
2
physiology of hormones
3 Pharmacology
4 Important human hormones
5 ... eicosanoids , which includes the widely studied prostaglandins .
physiology of hormones
Every cell is capable of producing a vast number of ...
Insulin
... I and he was unable to return to it. Nicolae Paulescu , a professor of
physiology at the Romanian School of Medicine published similar work in 1921 that ... discovery, Macleod and Banting were awarded the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine in 1923 . Banting, apparently insulted that Best was not ...
Liver
... anatomy
1.2 Functional anatomy
1.3 Fetal blood supply
2
physiology
3 Diseases of the liver
4 Liver transplantation
5 Analogous ... and portal hypertension , the umbilical vein can open up again.
physiology
The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or ...
Max Delbr
... and not adaptive change. For that, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine in 1969 , sharing it with Alfred Hershey .
From the 1950s on, Delbrck worked on
physiology rather than genetics. He also set up the institute for molecular ...
Memory
... 3 Classification by temporal direction
4 Memory disorders
5 The
physiology of memory
6 Related topics
7 External links
... thus hypothesize their function in the normally working brain.
The
physiology of memory
Brain areas such as the hippocampus , the amygdala or the ...
Muscle
... showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Types
2 Anatomy
3
physiology
4 Nervous control
4.1 Efferent leg
4.2 Afferent leg
... (in which it controls the caliber of a lumen and peristalsis ).
physiology
See also muscle contraction
The three types of muscle have ...
Alexander Fleming
... to a form that was useful for medical treatment of infection.
For his achievements, Fleming was knighted in 1944 and shared the Nobel prize for
physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. Florey was later given the higher honour of a peerage for his monumental work in making ...
Antibiotic
... the susceptibility of bacteria to many compounds which are safe to humans is based upon significant differences between the cellular and molecular
physiology of the bacterial cell and that of the mammalian cell. In contrast, despite the seemingly huge differences between fungi and humans, the basic ...
B cell
... B cells are characterised immunohistochemically by the presence of CD20 on the cell membrane.
Susumu Tonegawa won the 1987 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for demonstrating how B cells create the enormous diversity of antibodies from only a few genes.
See also
T lymphocyte
...
Biomechanics
... Neo-Hookean behavior, often used for modeling elastin, and the famous Fung-elastic exponential model.
See also
Mechanics
orthosis
physiology
anatomy
Important publications in biomechanics
References
Fung, Y.C. "Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissue" (2nd ...
Botany
... (as in ecology ). At each of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification ( taxonomy ), structure ( anatomy ), or function (
physiology ) of plant life.
Historically, botanists studied all organisms that were not generally regarded as animal . Some of these "plant-like" organisms ...
Carnivore
... bone marrow , or sweet sugary substances like honey and syrup , but do not need to consume these on a regular basis. True carnivores lack the
physiology required for the digestion of vegetable matter.
Domesticated carnivores are often recommended to have vegetable supplements (or such containing ...
Genetic code
... work and found the codes for the amino acids that Nirenberg's methods could not. Khorana and Nirenberg won a share of the 1968 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for this work.
Technical details
Stop Codons
In classical genetics, the stop codons were given names: UAG was amber , UGA ...
Culture
... a product of human evolution confounds older arguments about nature versus nurture . Thus, Clifford Geertz (1973: 33 ff.) has argued that human
physiology and neurology developed in conjunction with the first cultural activities, and Middleton (1990: 17 n.27) concluded that human "'instincts' were ...
Developmental biology
... process that occurs during development is apoptosis - cell "suicide". For this reason, many develpmental models are used to delucidate the
physiology and molecular basis of this cellular process.
Contents showTocToggle("show","hide")
1 Molecular mechanisms of development
2 ...
Diffusion
...
Materials science
Mechanical ventilation
NaKATPase
Nervous system
Neurotransmitter
Nitric oxide
Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine
Osmosis
Osmotic
Quorum sensing
Respiration
Reverse osmosis
Second messenger
Semipermeable ...
Morphogenesis
... of homeotic selector genes control the specializations of the third thoracic segment and the abdominal segments.
In 1995 , the Nobel Prize for
physiology or Medicine was awarded for studies concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development to Christiane Nsslein-Volhard , Edward B. Lewis ...
Electrophysiology
... Electrophysiology is the science and branch of
physiology that pertains to the flow of ions in biological tissues and, in particular, to the electrical recording techniques that enable the measurement of ...
Endoplasmic reticulum
... there throughout the cell are marked with an address tag that are called a signal sequence . Gnter Blobel was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for his discovery of these signal sequences in 1975. The N-terminus (one end) of a polypeptide chain (e.g., a protein) contains a few ...
Ernst Haeckel
... . Haeckel was a physician and later a professor of comparative anatomy . He was one of the first to consider psychology as a branch of
physiology . He also proposed many now ubiquitous terms including " phylum " and " ecology ." His chief interests lay in evolution and life development ...
Francis Crick
... together developed the proposal of the helical structure of DNA, which they published in 1953 , and for which they were awarded the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine in 1962 , together with the late Maurice Wilkins of University College, London.
He also made significant contributions in laying ...
Genetic code
... work and found the codes for the amino acids that Nirenberg's methods could not. Khorana and Nirenberg won a share of the 1968 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for this work.
Technical details
Stop Codons
In classical genetics, the stop codons were given names: UAG was amber , UGA ...
Hershey-Chase experiment
... that DNA is the genetic material of phage and that protein does not transmit genetic information.
Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for his discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses
More detailed description
Hershey and Chase knew that T2 ...
James D. Watson
... structure of DNA, which they published in the journal Nature on April 25, 1953 . Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in
physiology or Medicine for their discovery in 1962 .
In 1968 Watson wrote The Double Helix , one of the Modern Library 's 100 best non-fiction books. ...
Kidney
... hormones - particularly erythropoietin and renin and maintaining serum electrolyte, acid-base levels and osmolality.
For more info see Renal
physiology .
Diseases and disorders
Congenital diseases of the kidneys
Congenital hydronephrosis
renal dysplasia
Congenital obstruction of ...
Kinesiology
... knowledge of kinesiology is applied in many areas including physical therapy , occupational therapy , chiropractic , osteopathy , exercise
physiology , and ergonomics . The approach of these applications can be therapeutic , preventive, or high-performance. The applications of kinesiology can ...
Malaria
... mosquito .
For his discovery of the cause of malaria, French army doctor Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran was awarded the Nobel Prize for
physiology or Medicine in 1907 .
Symptoms of malaria include fever , shivering , arthralgia (joint pain), vomiting , and convulsions . There may be ...
Marcello Malpighi
... gave his name to several physiological features. He was pioneer in using a microscope and he has also been described as a founder of comparative
physiology and microscopic anatomy .
Malpighi was born in Crevalcore (Cavalcuore ), Italy , raised on the farm his parents owned and entered the ...
Morphogenesis
... of homeotic selector genes control the specializations of the third thoracic segment and the abdominal segments.
In 1995 , the Nobel Prize for
physiology or Medicine was awarded for studies concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development to Christiane Nsslein-Volhard , Edward B. Lewis ...