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Parallel in Biological Definition

Actin

... Bundles There are two types of actin bundles: parallel and contractile bundles. In parallel bundles, the filaments are spaced 14 nm apart by the actin-bundling proteins fimbrin . parallel bundles are responsible for the supporting a ...

Brain

... of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through the body of the ... . To control movement , the brain has several parallel systems of muscle control. The motor system ... some functions were repeated, an idea known as parallel distributed processing (Kandel, 2001). As the ...

Convergent evolution

... phenomenon than evolutionary relay and parallel evolution . Similar to convergent evolution, ... fins of extinct ichthyosaurs and sharks ). parallel evolution occurs when two independent species ... to detect smells in the air. See also parallel evolution Evolutionary relay Mimicry ...

Convergent evolution

... phenomenon than evolutionary relay and parallel evolution . Similar to convergent evolution, ... fins of extinct ichthyosaurs and sharks ). parallel evolution occurs when two independent species ... to detect smells in the air. See also parallel evolution Evolutionary relay Mimicry ...

Leaf

... veins branching off laterally, usually somewhat parallel to each other; eg Malus (apples). Three ... parallel-nerved, penniparallel — veins run parallel most the length of the leaf, from the base to ... veins (small veins) connect the major parallel veins. Typical for most monocotyledons , such as ...

Actin

... Bundles There are two types of actin bundles: parallel and contractile bundles. In parallel bundles, the filaments are spaced 14 nm apart by the actin-bundling proteins fimbrin . parallel bundles are responsible for the supporting a ...

Parallel evolution

... In evolutionary biology , parallel evolution occurs when two independent species ... similar characteristics. A classical example of parallel evolution homoplasy is the contemporaneous ... of which shared the same environmental space. parallel evolution is a different phenomenon than ...

Gel electrophoresis

... mixtures have initially been injected next to each other, they will run parallel in individual lanes. Depending on the number of different molecules, each ... molecules of known sizes. If such a marker was run on one lane in the gel parallel to the mixture(s), the bands it displays can be compared to those of the ...

Eye

... in, for example, vertebrates and mollusks are often cited as examples of parallel evolution . Focusing In order for light rays to be brought to a ... . To see a faraway object, the two eyeballs diverge to become almost parallel to each other. This is known as wall-eyed viewing , where the ...

Gel electrophoresis

... mixtures have initially been injected next to each other, they will run parallel in individual lanes. Depending on the number of different molecules, each ... molecules of known sizes. If such a marker was run on one lane in the gel parallel to the mixture(s), the bands it displays can be compared to those of the ...

Beta sheet

... a β strand. The N-H groups in the backbone of one strand establish hydrogen bonds with the C=O groups in the backbone of the adjacent, parallel strand(s). The cumulative effect of multiple such hydrogen bonds arranged in this way contributes to the sheet's stability and structural rigidity ...

Bioinformatics

... including microarrays , expressed cDNA sequence tag ( EST ) sequencing, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tag sequencing, massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), or by measuring protein concentrations with high-throughput mass spectroscopy . All of these techniques are extremely ...

Bone

... during growth or repair. It is so called because its fibres are aligned at random, and as a result has low strength. In contrast lamellar bone has parallel fibres and is much stronger. Woven bone is often replaced by lamellar bone as growth continues. Long bones are tubular in structure (e.g. the ...

Cladistics

... systematics allows the use of these large data sets to construct objective phylogenies. These can more accurately filter out true synapomorphy from parallel evolution. Cladistics does not assume any particular theory of evolution, only the background knowledge of descent with modification. Thus, ...

Bioinformatics

... including microarrays , expressed cDNA sequence tag ( EST ) sequencing, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) tag sequencing, massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), or by measuring protein concentrations with high-throughput mass spectroscopy . All of these techniques are extremely ...

Endosymbiont

... genes with other bacteria, it is more difficult to keep good genes in all individuals in a population of these endosymbionts.) Research in which a parallel phylogeny of bacteria and insects was inferred supports the belief that the obligate endosymbionts are transferred only vertically (i.e. from the ...

Endosymbiont

... genes with other bacteria, it is more difficult to keep good genes in all individuals in a population of these endosymbionts.) Research in which a parallel phylogeny of bacteria and insects was inferred supports the belief that the obligate endosymbionts are transferred only vertically (i.e. from the ...

Evolution

... algorithm gradualism modern evolutionary synthesis natural science neutral theory of molecular evolution niche construction parallel evolution quantum evolution quasispecies model scientific method sexual selection teratogenesis External links ...

Gene

... gene so that people can talk about them. This also facilitates electronic data retrieval from publications. In preference each symbol maintains parallel construction in different members of a gene family and can also be used in other species , especially the mouse . Typical numbers of genes ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... in a powerful, uniform magnetic field , the spins of the atomic nuclei within the tissue are all aligned in one of two opposite directions: parallel to the magnetic field or anti-parallel . While the proportion is nearly equal, slightly more are oriented parallel. The tissue is then briefly ...

Ribosome

... chain. This is done for each triplet on the mRNA, while the ribosome moves towards the 3' end of the mRNA. Usually, several ribosomes are working parallel on a single mRNA. See also: protein assembly ...

Secondary structure

... ). Min length 4 residues. I = 5-turn helix (pi helix). Min length 5 residues. T = hydrogen bonded turn (3, 4 or 5 turn) E = beta sheet in parallel and/or anti-parallel sheet conformation (extended strand). Min length 2 residues. B = residue in isolated beta-bridge (single pair beta-sheet ...

Vestibular system

... and inferior , respectively.) Push-pull systems The canals are cleverly arranged in such a way that each canal on the left side has an almost parallel counterpart on the right side. Each of these three pairs works in a push-pull fashion: when one canal is stimulated, its corresponding partner on ...
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