oxidation

Reduction

...on is the reverse of oxidation, i.e. the formal oxidation state of an atom (independent or within a molecule ) is reduced by the addition of electrons . A reduced gas is thus hydrogen -rich. In philosophy , reduction is the process of explaining a particular phenomenon or subject matter ...

Redox

...ounts for all processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed.This can be a si...n by hydrogen to yield methane, or it could be the oxidation of sugar in the human body, through a series of very complex electron transfer processes, to yield w...

Peroxisome

...o build membranes. Peroxisomes are responsible for oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and thereby generating acetyl groups. See Also Zellweger syndrome , a peroxisomal disease...

Oxidative phosphorylation

...0 NADH and 2 FADH 2 molecules contributed through oxidation of glucose ( glycolysis , conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA , and the Krebs cycle ) account for 34 of the 38 total ATP energy carrier molecules. It is worth noting that these ATP values are maximums, in reality each NADH molecule contributes ...

Redox

...ounts for all processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed.This can be a si...n by hydrogen to yield methane, or it could be the oxidation of sugar in the human body, through a series of very complex electron transfer processes, to yield w...

Mitochondrion

... involved in such diverse activities such as the oxidation of epinephrine (adrenaline), the degradation of tryptophan , and the elongation of fatty acids . The inner mitochondrial membrane, in contrast, contains more than 100 different polypeptides , and has a very high protein to phospholipid ratio...

Mitochondrion

... involved in such diverse activities such as the oxidation of epinephrine (adrenaline), the degradation of tryptophan , and the elongation of fatty acids . The inner mitochondrial membrane, in contrast, contains more than 100 different polypeptides , and has a very high protein to phospholipid ratio...

Life

...so by coupling the exergonic reactions of nutrient oxidation to the endergonic processes required to maintain the living state, such as the performance of mechanical work, the active transport of molecules against concentration gradients, and the biosynthesis of complex molecules." This definition, in use by m...

Citric acid cycle

...ds are broken down through a process known as beta oxidation which results in acetyl-CoA which can be used in the citric acid cycle. Sometimes beta oxidation can yield propionyl CoA which can result in further glucose production by gluconeogenesis in liver. ...

Insulin

...here the high-energy ATP molecule is produced by oxidation Dependent on blood glucose levels and hence ATP levels, the ATP controlled potassium channels (K+) close and the cell membranes depolarise On depolarisation , voltage controlled calcium channels (Ca2+) open and calcium flows into the cells ...

Enzyme

...actions would occur too slowly to sustain life ; oxidation of organic food compounds to provide energy, for ...rated in the cell by coupling its synthesis to the oxidation of sugars , which releases more energy than the syntehsis of ATP requires; then the ATP is broken d...

Disulfide bond

...ein on or off when bacterial cells are exposed to oxidation reactions. Hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2 ) in particular can severely damage DNA and kill the bacterium at low concentrations if it weren't for the protective action of the SS-bond. In rubber Disulfide bonds also play a significant role...

Citric acid cycle

...ds are broken down through a process known as beta oxidation which results in acetyl-CoA which can be used in the citric acid cycle. Sometimes beta oxidation can yield propionyl CoA which can result in further glucose production by gluconeogenesis in liver. ...

Chemautotrophic

...t obtains its carbon from carbon dioxide using the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds. See also : Autotrophic , heterotrophic...

Cellular respiration

...nergy rather quickly. The overall equation for the oxidation of glucose is: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → ...H 2 O + energy In cellular respiration, this oxidation process is broken down into two basic metabolic pathways : glycolysis , anaerobic respiration or...

Autotroph

...photolithoautotrophs ; bacteria that utilize the oxidation of inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide or ferrous iron for energy conservation are chemolithoautotrophs . Autotrophs are a vital part of the food chain . They take energy from the sun or from inorganic sources and convert it into a f...

Alcohol

...le, with methanol: Alcohols can also undergo oxidation to give aldehydes , ketones or carboxylic aci...odoxybenzoic acid (IBX), or methods such as Swern oxidation are now preferred. Alcohols with a methyl group attached to the alcohol carbon can also undergo ...