Hormone
... but hormones are produced by nearly every
organ system and tissue type in a human or animal ... action) in the same tissue or cells of a distant
organ of the body. The function of hormones is to ... as serving to regulate metabolic activity of an
organ or tissue. Hormones also control the ...
Liver
... The liver is an
organ in vertebrates including humans. It plays a ... "wedge-shaped" organ. It is the largest
organ in the abdomen and sits immediately under the ... in this setting.
It is unique as the only human
organ capable of natural regeneration of lost ...
Anatomy
... anatomical article contains first a description of the structures of an
organ or system (such as nerves , arteries , heart , and so forth), as it is ... publications in anatomy
History of anatomy
Human anatomy
organ (anatomy)
Superficial anatomy
Zootomical terms for location
...
Biology
... borrows extensively from cell biology in describing the function of
organ systems.
Structure of life
Schematic of typical animal ...
Anatomy is an important part of physiology and considers how
organ systems in animals such as the nervous , immune , endocrine , ...
Cold-blooded
... poikilothermic animals do not easily support complex, high-energy
organ systems such as brains or wings. Some of the most complex adaptations known involve poikilotherms with such
organ systems. One example is the swimming muscles of Tuna , which are warmed ...
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
... the limit of its development, a more frequent and continuous use of any
organ gradually strengthens, develops and enlarges that organ, and gives it a ... the length of time it has been so used; while the permanent disuse of any
organ imperceptibly weakens and deteriorates it, and progressively diminishes ...
Olfaction
... To detect pheromones many vertebrates have an auxiliary olfactory sense
organ called vomeronasal
organ , located in the vomer, between the nose and the mouth. Snakes use it to ...
Skin
...
In zootomy and dermatology , skin is an
organ of the integumentary system ; which is composed of a layer of tissues ... and depigmentation of the skin.
The skin is often known as "the largest
organ in the human body": this applies to exterior surface, as it covers the ...
Anabolism
... Anabolism is the aspect of metabolism that is characterized by growth. One way of categorizing metabolic processes, whether at the cellular ,
organ or organism level is as anabolic or catabolic .
Anabolic processes tend toward "building up" organs and tissues. These processes produce growth ...
Apoptosis
... from the nucleus for the mitochondrion to start the apoptotic process.
Homeostasis
In the adult organism, the number of cells within an
organ or tissue has to be constant within a certain range. Blood and skin cells, for instance, are constantly renewed by their respective progenitor ...
B cell
... humoral immune response (as opposed to the cell-mediated immune response ).
The abbreviation "B" stands for the bursa of Fabricius which is an
organ unique to birds, where B cells mature. It does not (as commonly assumed among immunologists researching mammals) stand for bone marrow , where B ...
Biomechanics
... molecular , wherein molecular biomaterials such as collagen and elastin are considered, to the macroscopic level, all the way up to the tissue and
organ level. Some simple applications of Newtonian Mechanics can supply correct approximations on each level, but precise details demand the use of ...
Brain
... skull.
Brains in medicine
The brain, along with the heart, is one of the two most important organs in the human body. Loss of function in this
organ fufills some definitions of death . Injuries to the brain tend to affect large areas of the brain, sometimes causing major deficits in intelligence ...
Cancer
... case, the borders of the sample are examined closely to see if all malignant tissue has truly been excised.
The nature of the biopsy depends on the
organ that is sampled. Many biopsies (such as those of the skin, breast or liver) can happen on an outpatient basis. Biopsies of other organs are performed ...
Anabolism
... Anabolism is the aspect of metabolism that is characterized by growth. One way of categorizing metabolic processes, whether at the cellular ,
organ or organism level is as anabolic or catabolic .
Anabolic processes tend toward "building up" organs and tissues. These processes produce growth ...
Computed axial tomography
... appendicitis , pancreatitis , diverticulitis , abdominal aortic aneurysm , and bowel obstruction . CT is also the first line for detecting solid
organ injury after trauma. Oral and/or rectal contrast is usually administered (more often iodinated contrast than barium due to the tendency of barium ...
Diabetes mellitus
... adjustment of diabetic medications.
Long-term complications
Among the major risks of the disorder are chronic problems affecting multiple
organ systems which will eventually arise in patients with poor glycemic control. Many of these arise from damage to the blood vessels. These illnesses can ...
Drosophila
... of the body cavity, and coelom is reduced.
The insect respires by means of air-filled internal tubes, the tracheae . This ectoderm -derived
organ forms a highly branched tubular network which provides the organs with oxygen.
Lifecycle and ecology
Habitat
Drosophila is found ...
Ebola
... (pain in the joints), abdominal pains and headache . These symptoms progress to vomiting , diarrhea , oropharyngeal lesions , conjunctivitis ,
organ damage (notably the kidney and liver ) by co-localized necrosis , proteinuria (the presence of proteins in urine), and bleeding both internal ...
Edward's syndrome
... small jaw; small mouth; low-set ears; and clenched fists with overlapping fingers. Those with Edward's syndrome also have heart defects , and other
organ malformations such that most systems of the body are affected.
Edward's Syndrome also results in significant developmental delays. For this ...
Evolution
... similar internal organization may perform divergent functions. Vertebrate limbs are a common example of such homologous structures . A vestigial
organ or structure may exist with little or no purpose in one organism, though they have a clear purpose in others. The human wisdom teeth and appendix ...
Eye
... for other usages.
Diagram of a human eye. Note that not all eyes have the same anatomy as a human eye.
An eye is an
organ that detects light . Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in a variety of creatures. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect ...
Immune system
... encompassing both the adaptive immune system and other passive defenses, such as the skin.
In multicellular organisms , the immune system is an
organ system that acts as a defense against foreign pathogens (such as viruses , bacteria , parasites ), some poisons , as well as cancer . ...
Insulin
... a self-regulating insulin source. For instance, pancreatic, or beta cell, transplantation . Transplantation of an entire pancreas (as an individual
organ ) is technically difficult, and is not common. Generally, it is performed in conjunction with liver or kidney transplant surgery. However, ...
Leaf
... is about the leaf , a plant organ. See Leaf (disambiguation) for other meanings.
In botany , a leaf is an above-ground plant
organ specialized for photosynthesis . For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the chloroplast containing cells ( chlorenchyma ...
Lung
... The heart in relation to the lungs (from an older edition of Gray's Anatomy )
The lung is an
organ belonging to the respiratory system and interfacing to the circulatory system of air-breathing vertebrates . Its function is to exchange ...
Rudolf Steiner
... conception held that these subjective principles are in fact an expression of the world's own being, and that the human mind is ultimately the
organ of the world's own process of self-revelation. In this view, the essential reality of nature is not separate, self-contained, and complete in ...
Signal transduction
... , progesterone and cortisol ) and derivatives of vitamin A and D among them. These hormones play a key role in the regulation of metabolism ,
organ function, developmental processes and cell differentiation . The key value for the signal strength is the hormone concentration, which is ...
Stroma
... For the island, see Stroma, Scotland .
Stroma can refer to:
1) The connective supportive framework of a biological cell , tissue , or
organ .
2) The fluid filled area of a chloroplast outside of the thylakoid membranes wherein the light-independent reactions ( Calvin Cycle and ...
T cell
... T cells are a subset of lymphocytes that play a large role in the immune response . The abbreviation "T" stands for thymus , the
organ in which their final stage of development occurs.
There are many types of T cells:
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + ) destroy infected cells. These ...
Unsolved problems in biology
... genes, which is the simpler part of the system? What is the complete structure and function of the proteome proteins expressed by a cell or
organ at a particular time and under specific conditions? What is the complete function of the regulator genes ? The building block of life may be a ...