Navigation Links


Order in Biological Definition

Apoptosis

... that have acquired or developed a malignancy. In order to carry out their job, B and T cells must have ... (of molecules like BAK and BAX) are required in order to make the mitchondrial membrane permeable for ... and A. R. Currie, coined the term "apoptosis" in order to differentiate naturally occurring ...

Biomechanics

... when the length scales of interest approach the order of the microstructural details of the material. ... needed to model a continuum. Second and fourth order tensors are crucial in representing many ... however, the full tensor form of a fourth order constitutive matrix is rarely used. Instead, ...

Enzyme

... processes, releasing the energy stored in it in order to drive other, otherwise energetically ... is lowered; the second weight must be heavier, in order that the net energy balance of the sum of both ... it to a rope attached to a hanging weight. In order to lower the total net energy, the system will ...

Leaf

... capillary action for water distribution. In order to adapt to their different environment (such as ... in a particular arrangement around the stem in order to gain an optimal yield of light. Subsequent ... sticky secretions. Adaptations In order to survive in a harsh environment , leaves can ...

Red Queen

... in which she seizes Alice by the shoulder in order that they can run together very fast in a ... the landscape. She then advises Alice that in order to get anywhere else, as opposed to merely ... bear survive the cold of the arctic and white in order that the bear can stalk seals for food. For ...

Sociobiology

... " factors alone. They contend that in order to fully understand behaviour, it must be ... a relatively fixed idea of human nature in order to be able to struggle for a better society. They needed to know what human needs were in order to build a better society. Wilson's defenders ...

Stem cell

... from humans is controversial because, in order to start a stem cell 'line' or lineage, it ... is over, the cells try to remodel themselves in order to become able to pump harder. However, because ... Research Service, The Library of Congress, order Code RL31015, (August 13, 2004). Tae-gyu, Kim, ...

Virus classification

... is similar to that of cellular organisms: order ( -virales ) Family ( -viridae ) Subfamily ... I - dsDNA viruses (double stranded DNA) order Caudovirales (tailed bacteriophages ). ... (positive single stranded RNA or mRNA like) order Nidovirales ("Nested" Viruses) Family ...

Alfred Russel Wallace

... the Amazon Rainforest , with the express intention of gathering facts in order to solve the riddle of the origin of species. Unfortunately, a large part ... . Awards Among the many awards presented to Wallace were the order of Merit ( 1908 ), the Royal Society 's Copley Medal ( 1908 ), the ...

DNA

... "mate" properly only with a "T" on the other, complementary strand; The order does matter: A+T is not the same as T+A, just as C+G is not the same as ... chosen side of the strand is enough to describe the sequence; The order of the bases along the length of the DNA is what it's all about, the ...

Morphogenesis

... These genes exist in two ordered groups on Drosophila chromosome 3. The order of the genes on the chromosome reflects the order that they are expressed along the anterior-posterior axis of the ...

Eye

... are often cited as examples of parallel evolution . Focusing In order for light rays to be brought to a focus they must be refracted . The ... object appears at the center of the image formed in each eye's retina. In order to look at a nearby object, the two eyeballs rotate towards each other so ...

Insectivore

... supplement, particularly when they are breeding. The biological order Insectivora includes a number of mammals which happen to be insectivores, but there is no necessary link. Just as many members of the order known as Carnivora are actually omnivores (and one, the Giant Panda , ...

Life

... , and proteins . Living organisms require both energy and matter in order to continue living. Living organisms are composed of at least one cell ... way or another upon the following discoveries, which are listed in a rough order of postulated emergence: Plausible pre-biotic conditions result in the ...

Molecular evolution

... molecular constitution of biological organisms' DNA , RNA , or both, in order to resolve questions in systematics, i.e. about their correct scientific ... Drosophila loci were heterozygous , a claim they initially doubted. In order to answer this question they assumed first, that there were a large enough ...

Morphogenesis

... These genes exist in two ordered groups on Drosophila chromosome 3. The order of the genes on the chromosome reflects the order that they are expressed along the anterior-posterior axis of the ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... T1-weighted images and post-contrast T1-weighted images are obtained. In order to create the image, spatial information must be recorded along with the ... angiography (MRA) is used to generate pictures of the arteries, in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing) or aneurysms (vessel ...

Origin of life

... way or another upon the following discoveries, which are listed in a rough order of postulated emergence: Plausible pre-biotic conditions result in ... acids , while not settled, is less controversial than the significance and order of steps 2 and 3. As of 2004 , no one has yet synthesized a "protocell" ...

Polymerase chain reaction

... is put on the surface of the reaction mixture. These machines cost in the order of USD 2,500 in 2004 . Primers The DNA fragment to be ... (Fig. 2). (1) The double-stranded DNA has to be heated to 94-96C in order to separate the strands. This step is called denaturing; it breaks apart ...

Protein

... of foods and by getting enough calories. It was once thought that in order to get the complete proteins vegans needed to do protein combining by ... protein. All eight essential amino acids must be part of one diet in order to survive and are needed in a fixed ratio. A shortage on any one of ...

Taxonomy

... (taxinomia) from the words taxis = order and nomos = law) may refer to either a hierarchical classification of ... explicitly). Below this are the Domain , Kingdom , Phylum , Class , order , Family , Genus , and Species , with various other ranks sometimes ...

Twin

... triplets were quite rare (approximately 1 in 8000 births) and higher order births so rare as to be almost unheard of. Multiple pregnancies are ... is primarily down to the passing of multiple embryos into the uterus in order to increase the success rate of in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Twin ...

Abiogenesis

... incorporated in textbooks) and regardless of its failures, is declared invalid only when a new paradigm is available to replace it. Nevertheless, in order to make progress in science, it is necessary to clear the decks, so to speak, of failed paradigms. This must be done even if this leaves the decks ...

Affinity chromatography

... use of affinity chromatography is for the purification of recombinant proteins. Essentially proteins are tagged with a known affinity ligand in order to aid their purification. That is to say that the molecule has an artificial trait imposed upon it by genetic modification which allows it to be ...

Alcohol

... is usually performed at reflux with a catalyst of concentrated sulfuric acid : R-OH + R'-COOH R'-COOR + H 2 O In order to drive the equilibrium to the right and produce a good yield of ester, water is usually removed, either by an excess of H 2 SO 4 or by using a ...

Alpha helix

... influence. As a result, α helices are often capped at the N-terminal end by a negatively charged amino acid (like glutamic acid ) in order to stabilise the helix dipole. Less common (and less effective) is C-terminal capping with a positively charged protein like lysine . α ...

Alternative splicing

... idea of one DNA sequence coding for one polypeptide (the "one-gene-one-protein" hypothesis) is no longer correct. External information is needed in order to decide which polypeptide is produced, given a DNA sequence and pre-mRNA. (This does not necessarily negate the central dogma of genetics which ...

Ames test

... Ames assays an S-9 mix is added. The S-9 mix contains liver enzymes , generally from a rat. These enzymes can metabolize the agent being tested in order to predict the mutagenic properties within a living system, specifically the source of the S-9 enzymes. Mutagenic and carcinogenic correlation ...

Anabolism

... purposes. Catabolic processes occur during starvation , stress and illness. Examples of catabolic processes include breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis (much like burning furniture in your house as fuel because you are out of firewood), and ...

Antigen

... If cytotoxic CD8 + T cells recognize them, they begin to secrete different toxins that cause the lysis or apoptosis of the infected cell. In order to keep the cytotoxic cells from killing cells just for presenting normal proteins, they run through a test cycle (negative control in the thymus ) ...

Artificial life

... CAs, having hundreds of thousands of cells which could each exist in one of twenty-nine states, but Von Neumann felt he needed the complexity in order for it to function not just as a self-replicating "machine", but also as a universal computer as defined by Alan Turing . Von Neumann worked on ...

Reproduction

... similar copy of itself without the combination of genetic material with another individual. For example, the Hydra ( invertebrates of the order Hydroidea ) and yeast are able to reproduce by budding . These organisms do not have different sexes, and they are capable of "splitting" ...

Bacterial conjugation

... actually sexual as it does not involve the fusing of gametes and the creation of a zygote , it is merely the exchange of genetic information. In order to perform conjugation, one of the bacteria has to carry an F- plasmid , the other one must not. The F-plasmid (also called F-factor) is an ...

Biology

... being debated. Despite the underlying unity, life exhibits an astonishing wide diversity in morphology , behavior and life histories . In order to grapple with this diversity, biologists attempt to classify all living things. This scientific classification should reflect the evolutionary ...

Barbiturate

... barbiturates. With the development of tolerance, the margin of safety between the effective dose and the lethal dose becomes very narrow. That is, in order to obtain the same level of intoxication, the tolerant abuser may raise his or her dose to a level that may result in coma or death. Although many ...

Bioinformatics

... within billions of nucleotides . These programs can compensate for mutations (exchanged, deleted or inserted bases) in the DNA sequence, in order to identify sequences that are related, but not identical. A variant of this sequence alignment is used in the sequencing process itself. The ...

BLAST

... BLAST is actually a family of programs (all included in the blastall executable). The following are some of the programs, ranked mostly in order of importance: Nucleotide-nucleotide BLAST (blastn) : This program, given a DNA query, returns the most similar DNA sequences from the DNA ...

Blood

... be excreted in urine . A buffer solution of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) is present in the human blood stream, in order to maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. Small invertebrates In some small invertebrates like insects , oxygen is simply dissolved in the ...

Botany

... . Not all plants are beneficial to humans, weeds are a considerable problem in agriculture and botany provides some of the basic science in order to understand how to minimise their impact. Ethnobotany is the study this and other relationships between plants and people. Gregor ...

Crassulacean acid metabolism

... These plants can close their stomata during the day. These plants close their stomata (tiny pores used for gas exchange) during the day in order to conserve water. Normally, they wouldn't be able to carry out photosynthesis , since carbon dioxide from the air wouldn't be available. ...
Other Contentsmoodmoodmoodmoodmoodmorningmorningmorningmorningmorningmorbidmorbidmotionmotionmotionmotionmotionmotionmotionmotionsensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitysensitivitychemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalchemicalmumpsmumps
(Date:11/26/2009)...What are the bare essentials of life, the indispen...can survive on its own? Can we describe the molecu...e organism functions as a system? These are just s...hip between the European Molecular Biology Laborat...de Regulacio Genmica (CRG) in Barcelona, Spain, se...
(Date:11/25/2009)... stomach, may be used to boost resistance to, or s...School of Medicine researchers report in a study p...oscience . , Parkinson,s disease is caused by a ... midbrain known as the substantia nigra, which is ...uction of dopamine in late-stage Parkinson,s cause...
(Date:11/25/2009)...ell Death Research Laboratory in the University of...he prestigious Johnson & Johnson Focused Funding g... cell damage in Parkinson,s disease. The award, wh...of innovation and excellence in science, was annou...s month at an event at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in ...
Breaking Biology News(10 mins):First-ever blueprint of a minimal cell is more complex than expected 2First-ever blueprint of a minimal cell is more complex than expected 3Hormone ghrelin can boost resistance to Parkinson's disease 2Johnson & Johnson award goes to research of the cause of brain cell damage in Parkinson's 2New American Chemical Society podcast 3A Tiny sea creature and a new medical adhesive 10546 1Science learning outside of school 10542 1Toxins Make Halloween Face Paints Scary 60158 1Toxins Make Halloween Face Paints Scary 60158 2Toxins Make Halloween Face Paints Scary 60158 3
(Date:11/28/2009)...erts offer tips to help lift spirits, recognize si...(HealthDay News) -- For many seniors, the holiday ...lost loved ones, struggle with health issues or wo...n Geriatrics Society. , To help overcome the se...ng offers the following advice: , Get out and so...
(Date:11/27/2009)... , DALLAS, Nov. 27 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -...cal procedure only 25 years ago, solid organ trans...on thanks to the extraordinary men and women who g...ov. 11. Leaders came together from medical centers...y of Baylor Regional Transplant Institute (BRTI), ...
(Date:11/27/2009)... , KIBBUTZ SHAMIR, Israel, Nov. 27 /PRNewswir...aq: SHMR ) ( "Shamir" ), a leading provider of in... lens market, announced today that its board of di... aggregate amount of US$ 10 million (approximately...representative rate of exchange), or approximately...
(Date:11/27/2009)... , SEATTLE, Nov. 27 /PRNewsw...te, received record-high Thanksgiving traffic numb...efore Thanksgiving, providing a clear picture of w...year. The average Thanksgiving meal in 2009 weighe...crease from last year,s feast. According to the Al...
(Date:11/27/2009)... Three new interactive anato...liams & Wilkins expand health sciences learnin... Durham, NC (Vocus) November 27,...& Wilkins (LWW), a division of Wolters Kluwer ...new anatomy education apps on the App Store. Cleme...
Breaking Medicine News(10 mins):Health News:Seniors May Need Help Overcoming Holiday Blues 2Health News:Organ Transplant Pioneers Celebrate Baylor Regional Transplant Institute's 25th Anniversary 2Health News:Organ Transplant Pioneers Celebrate Baylor Regional Transplant Institute's 25th Anniversary 3Health News:Shamir Optical Industry Ltd. Announces Declaration of a Cash Dividend 2Health News:Shamir Optical Industry Ltd. Announces Declaration of a Cash Dividend 3Health News:It's Black Friday - Time to Shop Off the Calories! Allrecipes Finds Average Thanksgiving Meal Weighed in at 2,225 Calories 2Health News:It's Black Friday - Time to Shop Off the Calories! Allrecipes Finds Average Thanksgiving Meal Weighed in at 2,225 Calories 3Health News:It's Black Friday - Time to Shop Off the Calories! Allrecipes Finds Average Thanksgiving Meal Weighed in at 2,225 Calories 4Health News:Clemente's Anatomy, Rohen's Photographic Anatomy, and Moore's Clinical Anatomy Customizable Apps Now Available on App Store 2Health News:Clemente's Anatomy, Rohen's Photographic Anatomy, and Moore's Clinical Anatomy Customizable Apps Now Available on App Store 3Health News:Clemente's Anatomy, Rohen's Photographic Anatomy, and Moore's Clinical Anatomy Customizable Apps Now Available on App Store 4Health News:Clemente's Anatomy, Rohen's Photographic Anatomy, and Moore's Clinical Anatomy Customizable Apps Now Available on App Store 5
Other TagsHourHourFACSOther Tagsposts 2posts 3signaling 2signaling 3signaling 4signaling 5signaling 6signaling 7signaling 8signaling 9signaling 10introduction 2introduction 3introduction 4introduction 5introduction 6introduction 7introduction 8introduction 9introduction 10placebo 2placebo 3