Biophysics
... of biophysics range from sequence comparison to
neural networks . In the recent past, biophysics ... - molecular simulations, sequence alignment,
neural networks, databases.
Mathematics - ... .
Medicine and neuroscience - tackling
neural networks experimentally (brain slicing) as well ...
Magnetic resonance imaging
... will move principally along the axis of the
neural fiber. Conversely if we know that molecules ... changes in the brain that are due to changing
neural activity. The brain is scanned at low ... (typically once every 2-3 seconds). Increases in
neural activity cause changes in the MR signal via a ...
Neural plate
... The
neural plate is thick and flat bundle of ectoderm ... nervous system . In the development sequence, the
neural plate forms the
neural tube which then forms the CNS ( central nervous ...
Neural tube
... The
neural tube is the embryonal structure that gives ... and spinal cord . In gestation , the human
neural tube gives rise to three vesicles: the ... and the prosencephalon .
Formation of the
neural tube is the result of an invagination of the ...
Neuroscience
... motor learning );
how genes contribute to
neural development in the embryo and throughout life
the operation of relatively simpler
neural structures of other organisms like marine snails;
and the structure and functioning of complex
neural circuits in perceiving, remembering, and ....
Apoptosis
... by neighboring cells.
Research on chick embryos - specifically on chick
neural tube development - has suggested how selective cell proliferation, ... it is this gradient that directs cells to form patterns in the embryonic
neural tube: cells that receive Shh in a receptor in their membranes called ...
Brain
... brains
Computer scientists have produced computer systems called
neural networks that are loosely based on the structure of neuron connections in ...
Kandel, Eric, James Schwartz, and Thomas Jessel. 2000. Principles of
neural Science. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN 0838577016
Sala, Sergio ...
Stem cell
... illnesses.
Potential treatments
Cancer
Research injecting
neural (adult) stem cells into the brains of rats can be astonishingly successful ... of Wisconsin-Madison coaxed human embryonic stem cells into becoming
neural stem cells, then into the beginnings of motor neurons before finally ...
Synapse
... computations in computers , and so are thought to figure similarly in
neural circuits.
Detailed properties and regulation
Following fusion of ...
Eric Kandel, James Schwartz, and Thomas Jessel. 2000. Principles of
neural Science . 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN 0838577016
...
Vestibular system
... linear translations. The vestibular system
sends signals primarily to the
neural structures that control our eye
movements, and to the muscles that keep us ... from such that are caused by gravity. We can do that quite well, but the
neural mechanisms underlying this separation are not yet fully understood.
...
Artificial life
...
digital organisms
evolutionary art
clanking replicator
carbon chauvinism
robotics
systems biology
wet alife
neural nets
Lindenmayer systems
game theory
Open problems
"What is life?"
"When can we say that a system, or a subsystem, is ...
Cytoskeleton
... vimentins , being the common structural support of many cells.
made of keratin , found in skin cells, hair and nails .
Neurofilaments of
neural cells.
made of Lamin , giving structural support to the nuclear envelope.
Microtubules
Main article: microtubules
They are hollow ...
Developmental biology
... germ plasm , germination , induction , juvenile , larva , maternal effect , mesoderm , metamorphosis , morphogenesis , morula , neoteny ,
neural development , nymph , ontogeny , oosperm , ovism , paedogenesis , pangenesis , phylogeny , primordium , pupa , rudiment , teratology , ...
Electrophysiology
... changes in the chemical composition of the oxidized components inside of biological solution being studied. It is typically employed for studing the
neural exocytosis of some neurotransmitters.
...
Francis Crick
... in DNA Research by John Bankston, Francis Crick and James D. Watson (Mitchell Lane Publishers, Inc., 2002) ISBN 1584151226
See also
neural correlate of consciousness
External links
James D. Watson and Francis H. Crick. "Letters to Nature : Molecular structure of Nucleic ...
Human
... consider themselves as the most intelligent species in the animal kingdom. Certainly, humans are the only technologically advanced animal. Along with
neural complexity, the brain-to-body-mass ratio is generally assumed to be a good indicator of relative intelligence. Humans have the second highest ...
Intermediate filament
...
Neurofilament-L (NF-L)
Neurofilament-M (NF-M)
Neurofilament-H (NF-H)
Nestin
Intermediate filament type VI. It is found in
neural stem cells .
Cell adhesion
At the plasma membrane , IFs are attached by adapter proteins forming desmosomes (cell-cell adhesion) and ...
Memory
... memory is supported by transient changes in neuronal communication, whereas long-term memories are maintained by more stable and permanent changes in
neural structure that are dependent on protein synthesis. Some psychologists, however, argue that the distinction between long- and short-term memories is ...
Proprioception
... hot/cold as well. (Note: The work of V. S. Ramachandran indicates that despite popular belief, the phantom limb phenomena is actually the result of
neural signal bleed through the brain's sensory maps, rather than from stimulation of nerves.)
There is one known case of a person losing her entire ...
Signal transduction
... of a larger protein (for example, phosphorylase kinase ). The Ca 2+ /calmodulin complex plays an important role in proliferation, mitosis and
neural signal transduction.
Lipophilic second messenger molecules
One group of lipophilic second messenger molecules consists of inositol ...