nerves

Thermoregulation

...to cool the body, and vice versa. Also the special nerves of perspiration can increase or lessen heat loss by promoting or diminishing the secretions of the skin. There are greater difficulties in the exact determination in the amount of heat produced, but there are certain well-known facts in connexion wit...

Signal transduction

...velengths, stretched, sheared or electrified (the nerves and muscles , for example). Signal transduction ...the action potential impulses that travel along nerves . Nuclear receptors Nuclear (or cytoplasmic) receptors are soluble proteins localized within t...

Physiology

.... Electrophysiology deals with the operation of nerves and muscles ; neurophysiology concerns the physiology of brains and cell physiology addresses the functioning of individual cells . Physiology also has many related and allied fields: Ecophysiology tries to understand how physiological tra...

Neuron

...ound in the brain , the spinal cord and in the nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system ....al nervous system. The myelin sheath in peripheral nerves normally runs along the axon in sections about 1 mm long, punctuated by unsheathed nodes of Ranvier...

Nervous system

...exception). Chemicals that target the activity of nerves generally are the most rapidly acting toxins , t... and spinal cord . The PNS consists of all other nerves and neurons that do not lie within the CNS. The large majority of what are commonly called nerves (...

Muscle

...lated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves , the motor nerves and motoneurons in particular. All skeletal muscle and many smooth muscle contractions are facili...

Kidney

...hich admits the renal artery , the renal vein , nerves , and the ureter . Organization The outermos...ing in the middle of the concave medial border for nerves and blood vessels to pass into the renal sinus. renal column : The structures which support the c...

Homeostasis

...ck, but it has its applications. For example, in nerves , a threshold electric potential triggers the generation of a much larger action potential . (See also leverage points .) Ecological homeostasis In the Gaia hypothesis , James Lovelock stated that the entire mass of living matter on Ea...

Brain

...rain Vertebrate brains receive signals through nerves arriving from most portions of a body, interpret those signals and formulate reactions based on prior experiences and on physical needs. A similarly extensive nerve network delivers signals from a brain to control muscles throughout a body. Sensor...

Bone

...nnel-like Foramen , usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels Meatus a short Canal Sinus a cavity within a cranial bone Parts of long bones Diaphysis , Shaft the long, relatively straight main body of the bone; region of primary ossification Epiphysis the end re...

Axon

...nervous system , and as bundles they help make up nerves . Individual axons are microscopic in diameter--typically about one micrometre across-- but may extend to macroscopic lengths. The longest axons in the human body, for example, are those of the sciatic nerve , which run from the base of the spine...

Anatomy

... of the structures of an organ or system (such as nerves , arteries , heart , and so forth), as it is found in humans; this is followed by an account of the development (embryology) and comparative anatomy (morphology), as far as vertebrate animals are concerned; but only those parts of the lower anima...