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Negative in Biological Definition

Gel electrophoresis

... nucleic acids, the direction of migration, from negative to positive electrodes, is due to the natural negative charge carried on their sugar - phosphate ... gel at similar rates, or at all, when placing a negative to positive EMF on the sample. Proteins ...

Gel electrophoresis

... nucleic acids, the direction of migration, from negative to positive electrodes, is due to the natural negative charge carried on their sugar - phosphate ... gel at similar rates, or at all, when placing a negative to positive EMF on the sample. Proteins ...

Blood type

... as mismatching (an Rh positive donor to an Rh negative recipient) will cause hemolysis . The converse ... to Rh- blood. Rh disease occurs when an Rh negative mother who has already had an Rh positive child ... in tests of maternity or paternity. Duffy negative blood gives partial immunity to malaria . The ...

Charles Darwin

... the arrangements of society could potentially affect these traits in a negative fashion. He also clearly had a certain disdain for "savages," and ... propagating their kind," he wrote. For each tendency of society to produce negative selections, Darwin also saw the possibility of society to itself check ...

Enzyme

... all reactions catalyzed by enzymes must be 'spontaneous' (containing a net negative Gibbs free energy ), i.e. with the enzyme, they run in the same ... dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid DNA gyrase : catalyzes the negative supercoiling of prokaryotic DNA Glutamate decarboxylase : synthesizes ...

Homeostasis

... there are two main types of feedback to which the system reacts: negative feedback is a reaction in which the system responds in such a way as to ... Positive feedback is less common in naturally occurring systems than negative feedback, but it has its applications. For example, in nerves , a ...

T cell

... so it does not cause autoimmune diseases). This process is called negative selection . T cells go into apoptosis if they cannot express their TCR receptors, if they aren't positively selected or if they get removed by negative selection. About 98% of T cells die in the thymus. Their remains get ...

Virus classification

... (negative single-stranded RNA) Order Mononegavirales (non-segmented negative stranded viruses) Family Bornaviridae - Borna disease virus ... virus Family Rhabdoviridae - e.g. Rabies virus Segmented negative stranded viruses Family Arenaviridae Family Bunyaviridae - ....

Alpha helix

... helix breakers ) like proline will disrupt the helical structure. Ordinarily, a helix has a buildup of positive charge at the N-terminal end and negative charge at the C-terminal end which is a destabilizing influence. As a result, α helices are often capped at the N-terminal end by a negatively ...

Amine

... acid. If the reacting amine is a tertiary amine in such a reaction, then a positive quaternary ammonium cation will be formed along with a negative halide ion. These sort of paired ion compounds are called quaternary ammonium salts . The X shown in the above reactions can also be some ...

Apoptosis

... actual process in which B and T cells are driven to proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis comprises a complex interplay between positive and negative regulators Apoptotic process Morphology A cell undergoing apoptosis shows a characteristic morphology that can be seen under a ...

Arabidopsis

... predominant tropic effect in these organs, specimens treated with mutagens and then selected for the absence of gravitropic action have shown both negative phototropic response to blue or white light, and positive phototropic response to red light. The photosensitive pigments phytochrome A and ...

ATP synthase

... F 1 particle was first isolated by Ephraim Racker in 1961. The F 1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining (1962, Fernandez-Moran et al., Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol 22, p 63). These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner ...

Avian influenza

... these tests have not always proved reliable. In March 2005, the World Health Organization announced that seven Vietnamese who initially tested negative for bird flu were later found to have carried the virus. All seven have since recovered from the disease. Antiviral drugs are sometimes ...

Dynein

... The axonemal dynein acts to activate a sliding within flagellar microtubules , whereas the cytoplasmic dynein is implicated in moving toward the negative end of a microtubule. See also: Kinesin External links How Cilia and Flagella Work (axonemal dynein) Microtubule Based ...

HACEK organism

... A HACEK organism is one of a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that form a normal part of the human flora . They are a frequent cause of inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, ( endocarditis ...

Human

... individuals. Sexual desire is experienced as a bodily urge, often accompanied by strong emotions, both positive (such as love or ecstasy ) and negative (such as jealousy ). (See also Libido .) Body The physical appearance of the human body is central to culture and art . In every human ...

Hormone

... or only on the tissue level. The rate of production of a given hormone is most commonly regulated by a homeostatic control system, generally by negative feedback . Homeostatic regulation of hormones depends, apart from production, on the metabolism and excretion of hormones. Hormone secretion ...

Ion channel

... that surround all biological cells . By conducting and controlling the flow of ions , these pore -forming proteins help establish the small negative voltage that all cells possess at rest (see cell potential ). Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Basic features 2 ...

Kidney

... rise or drop in blood osmotic pressure due to a lack or excess of water is detected by the hypothalamus , which notifies the pituitary gland via negative feedback . The pituitary gland secretes antidiuretic hormone, otherwise known as vasopressin (or stops the secretion if water is in excess), which ...

Life

... water based, lipid - protein bound, carbon metabolic, nucleic acid replicated, protein readout system "a system of inferior negative feedbacks subordinated to a superior positive feedback " ( J. theor Biol. 2001 ) Tom Kinch's definition of life as a highly organized ...

Malaria

... II . It was initially used with great effect to combat mosquitoes spreading malaria. It was banned for use in many countries in the 1970s due to its negative environmental impact. There is great controversy regarding this impact and the use of DDT to fight human diseases. Some claim that the ban is ...

Magnetic resonance imaging

... medical technology is nuclear magnetic resonance imaging ( NMRI ), but the word nuclear is almost universally dropped. This is done to avoid the negative connotations of the word nuclear , and to prevent patients from associating the examination with radiation exposure. Scientists still use NMR ...

Natural selection

... selection directional selection disruptive selection ecological selection evolution Fitness genetic drift negative selection selection sexual selection survival of the fittest External links Introduction to evolutionary biology (has a ...

Peptide bond

... bonds. The C-N bond has a partial double bond character (with the Nitrogen atom attaining a partial positive charge and the oxygen atom a partial negative charge) and the molecule can normally not rotate around this bond. The whole arrangement of the four C,O,N,H atoms as well as the two attached ...

Phloem

... element are carried out by its (much smaller but quite living) companion cell. While movement of water and minerals through the xylem is driven by negative pressures (tension) most of the time, movement through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressures . This process is termed ...

Potential energy

... far away from an attracting source has zero potential energy. Relative to this, an object at a finite distance r from a source of gravitation has negative potential energy. If the source is approximated as a point mass , the potential energy simplifies to: See also Gravitational binding energy ...

Punctuated equilibrium

... evolutionary biologists wryly termed punctuated equilibrium "evolution by jerks." (It is now sometimes referred to by the slang "punk eek," with no negative connotations implied.) The actual differences between the various evolution theorists were not as large as they were made to appear. Gould himself ...

Stem cell

... cord blood and then injected them into the damaged part of the spinal cord. Using adult stem cells, the tests were able to avoid triggering a negative bodily reaction, which are common in other transplantations, according to Hoon Han , one of the researchers. "We don’t need a strict match ...

Vaccine

... of vaccines vaccination Vaccines and Fetal Tissue External links AAPPublications.org - 'Thimerosal and the Occurrence of Autism: negative Ecological Evidence From Danish Population-Based Data' Pediatrics , Vol 112, No 3, September 2003 (Danish study showing continued increase in autism ...

Virus

... and, anatomy Virus particles comprise a nucleic acid genome , that may be either DNA or RNA , single or double stranded and positive or negative sense. This is surrounded (encapsidated) by a protective coat of protein called the capsid . The viral capsid may be either spherical or helical ...
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