muscle

Yellow fever

... period the typical symptoms that arise are fever, muscle aches, headache and backache. Other symptoms may include a red tongue, flushed face, and reddening of the eyes may also be symptoms of the disease. In a proportion of cases there is also involvement of internal organs - liver, kidneys and the heart. ...

Thermoregulation

...lism ) is going on, heat is being set free. When a muscle does work it also gives rise to heat, and if this ... of 45 C (113 F) or above for very long. Mammalian muscle becomes rigid with heat rigor at about 50 C., and obviously should this temperature be reached the s...

Stem cell

...wn to be able to transform into liver , nerve , muscle , hair follicle and kidney cells. Adult stem ce... many types of tissue, including neurons , smooth muscle cells and fat-cells. These were found in the dermis , the inner layer of the skin. These stem cell...

Endoplasmic reticulum

...ic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle fibers is called sarcoplasmic reticulum ....

Skin

...g blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscle , glands and lymphatic tissue . It is made up o...se is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It is made up of loose connective tissue and...

Signal transduction

...ndoplasmic reticulum ( sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells), where it is bound to molecules like calre...2+ . It is especially important in neurons and muscle cells . In heart and pancreas cells, another second messenger (cyclic ADP ribose ) takes part in...

Endoplasmic reticulum

...ic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle fibers is called sarcoplasmic reticulum ....

Endoplasmic reticulum

...ic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle fibers is called sarcoplasmic reticulum ....

Protein

... having molecular masses of up to 3,000,000 (the muscle protein titin has a single amino acid chain 27,0...ir that should be black becomes reddish), loss of muscle mass (proteins repair muscle tissue), low body temperature, and hormonal irregularities. Severe pro...

Prion

...tem cells take on specialized functions (such as muscle or blood cells). Yeast Prions In 1965 , Brian Cox, a geneticist working with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , described a genetic trait (termed [PSI+]) with an unusual pattern of inheritance . Despite many years of effort, Cox could...

Patau syndrome

...( coloboma ), a cleft lip and/or palate , weak muscle tone (hypotonia), an increased risk of heart defects, skeletal abnormalities, and other medical problems. Affected individuals rarely live past infancy because of the life threatening medical problems associated with this condition. Patau syndrome a...

Nutrition

...taining proper body structures and processes, e.g. muscle function, immune protection, bone density and strength Repair and development of all of the organism’s systems. In the case of humans, ‘normal functioning’ is affected by a range of situations, which are often open to choice. A...

Myosin

Myosin is a motor protein filament found in muscle tissue . Together with actin filaments, myosin provides the mechanism for muscle contraction , utilizing energy from ATP . The specific conformational rearrangements throughout the...

Muscle

... Exercise 5.2 Disease 6 The strongest human muscle 7 External links 8 See also Types ... Striated muscles contain sarcomeres cardiac muscle : found within the heart skeletal muscle (or "voluntary"): attached to the skeleton and used ...

Actin

... contraction of the cell during cytokinesis . In muscle cells they play an essential role, along with myosin , in muscle contraction . In the cytosol , actin is predominantly bound to ATP , but can also bind to ADP . A...

Lung

...hing is largely driven by the diaphragm below, a muscle that by contracting expands the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. The rib cage itself is also able to expand and contract to some degree. As a result, air is sucked into and pushed out of the lungs through the trachea and the bronchial tubes ...

Insulin

...m; lack of insulin inhibits absorption arterial muscle tone – forces arterial wall muscle to relax, increasing blood flow, especially in micro arteries; lack of insulin reduces flow by allow...

Intermediate filament

...s are structural components of the sarcomeres in muscle cells. Vimentin IFs can be found in fibroblasts and endothelial cells , they support the cell membrane and keep some organelles in a fixed place within the cytoplasm . Peripherin found in peripheral neurons. GFAP (glial fibrillary ac...

Glycolysis

... facilitated diffusion . In some tissues, skeletal muscle for instance, insulin stimulates this process. Follow up The ultimate fate of the pyruvate and NADH produced in glycolysis depends upon the organism and the conditions, most notably the presence or absence of oxygen or other external electr...

Glucose

...e prokaryotes . Formed in the liver and skeletal muscle by the breakdown of glycogen stores (glucose polymers ). Synthesized in liver and kidneys from intermediates by a process known as gluconeogenesis . Role in metabolism Carbohydrates are the human body's key source of energy, providing 4...

Gene therapy

...on-going or in preparation, mainly trying to treat muscle and eye diseases, the two tissues where the virus seems particularly useful. Problems and ethics For the safety of gene therapy, the Weismann barrier is fundamental in the current thinking. Soma-to-germline feedback should therefore be impo...

Eye

...treous humour , with a focusing lens and often a muscle called the iris that controls how much light ent...ber Blind spot Canal of Schlemm Ciliary muscle (or body) Cornea Conjunctiva Choroid Fovea Iris Lens Macula Optic di...

Enzyme

...cytochrome oxidase. Enzymes are also necessary for muscle contraction and relaxation. The fact is, without both of these classes of enzymes, (digestive and metabolic) life could not exist. Enzyme naming conventions By common convention, an enzyme's name consists of a description of what it does, with ...

Warm-blooded

...erature, such as shivering (to generate heat from muscle contractions), blanching (circulatory changes to direct less heat to the skin), flushing (circulatory changes to radiate more heat from the skin), panting or sweating (to increase heat loss through evaporation ). Warm-blooded versus cold-bloo...

Endoplasmic reticulum

...ic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle fibers is called sarcoplasmic reticulum ....

Depolarization

...s is important for other cell types, particularly muscle cells. Related topics membrane potential action potential...

Diabetes mellitus

...egulates uptake of glucose into cells (primarily muscle and fat cells) from the blood, deficiency of insul...sugar unit) to glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. Lowered insulin levels result in the reverse conversion of glycogen to glucose when glucose l...

Chromosome

...mongolism or trisomy 21 . Symptoms are decreased muscle tone, asymmetrical skull, slanting eyes and mental retardation. Edward's syndrome is the second most common trisomy after Down's Syndrome. It is a trisomy of chromosome 18. Symptoms include mental and motor retardation. Patau Syndrome , also c...

Cell growth

... For example, very long (several inches) skeletal muscle cells are formed by fusion of thousands of myocy...t are required for the formation of multinucleated muscle cells by fusion of myocyes. Some of the key proteins are important for cell adhesion between myocy...

Anabolism

...owth and mineralization of bone and increase of muscle mass. Catabolic processes involve "breaking down...amples of catabolic processes include breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis (much like burning furni...

Cancer

...a begins in the connective tissue of bone or muscle . Teratoma begins within germ cells . Adult cancers Adult cancers is usually formed in epithelial tissues and are believed often to be the result of a long biological process related to the interaction of exogenous exposures with genetic and o...

Brain

...ement , the brain has several parallel systems of muscle control. The motor system controls voluntary muscle movement, aided by feedback loops in the cerebellum and the basal ganglia . Nuclei in the brai...

Biophysics

...electrophysiology membranes bioenergetics muscle and contractility nucleic acids photobiophysics and biophotonics proteins supramolecular assemblies spectroscopy , imaging etc. systems neuroscience neural encoding bionics polysulphur membranes Famous biophysicists...

Bone

...ents . The science of the interaction of bone and muscle is called biomechanics . The science of bones is called osteology . Some illnesses afflict human bones, for example osteoporosis and cancer . The joints can be affected by arthritis . Cut and polished bone from a variety of animals is sometim...

Biomechanics

...Muscle (striated) Unlike cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle can develop a sustained condition known as tetany...ppears constant through time. This allows skeletal muscle to develop a wide variety of forces. This muscle type can be voluntary controlled. Hill's Model is...

Barbiturate

...sisted suicide (PAS), and, in combination with a muscle relaxant , for euthanasia and for capital punishment by lethal injection . References Text partially derived from public domain text from U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency ....

Avian influenza

...pes of flu: fever cough sore throat muscle aches conjunctivitis in severe cases of avian flu, it can cause severe breathing problems and pneumonia , and can be fatal. Taken from: http://www.bupa.co.uk/health_information/html/health_news/270104avianflu.html References Kuiken T...

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

...croscope he was the first to observe and describe muscle fibres, bacteria , spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries (small blood vessels ). His name at birth was Thonis Philipszoon . His letters were signed Antoni van Leeuwenhoek . He was probably known as van Leeuwenhoek from a young age ...

Anabolism

...owth and mineralization of bone and increase of muscle mass. Catabolic processes involve "breaking down...amples of catabolic processes include breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis (much like burning furni...

Albinism

...ffer long- or short-sightedness, due to changes in muscle tension. Individuals with these conditions may be helped by the use of glasses and low-visual aids such as magnifiers, as well as bright but angled reading lights, but their vision cannot be corrected completely. Although surgery is possible on the ...

Actin

... contraction of the cell during cytokinesis . In muscle cells they play an essential role, along with myosin , in muscle contraction . In the cytosol , actin is predominantly bound to ATP , but can also bind to ADP . A...